Brezhnev ta sarautar - stagnation ko zinariya shekaru?

Brezhnev ta mulki a cikin Soviet tarihi ba sa irin wannan muhawarar, kuma diametrically gaban kimomi na yadda Stalinist zamanin da Gorbachev ta perestroika, amma wannan lokacin ma yana da ta tabbatacce kuma korau al'amurran.

A karshen totalitarianism

Brezhnev fara ko da sabon abu ga Soviet jihar a wancan zamanin. Kwarjini da kuma gida da bude kofa jagoranci a cikin jam'iyyar na Lenin da daga baya Stalin ta totalitarian tsarin da aka qaddara cewa wadannan shugabanni suke a kwalkwali na jihar har mutuwarsa. Haka kuma, shi ya kasance ba, kuma ba zai iya samun wani gagarumin damuwa da canji na gwamnati (sai dai watakila da sosai farko watanni bayan mutuwar Lenin, lokacin da real magada dauke Trotsky da Zinoviev). Akwai wani gwagwarmaya, da kuma a 1953, a lokacin da Yusufu ya Dzhugashvili mutu. Duk da haka, da ciwon zo ikon, Nikita Khrushchev abruptly canza ciki jam'iyyar siyasa hanya. XX jam'iyyar Congress ƙare totalitarian iko Hanyar hada da: wani yanayi na tsoro, denunciation tsaitsaye counter-juyin juya halin da sauransu. Sun fi mayar saboda wannan mataki, ya zama na farko da mulkin da ba'a zubda jini shafe da kuma ba ya haifar da mutuwa. Brezhnev ta sarautar fara a shekarar 1964 tare da yanke shawara na plenum na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU saki Khrushchev daga post na babban sakataren.

Stagnation ko zinariya zamanin?

A sabon zamanin, da sunan daga baya stagnation na lokacin farko da aiki da tattalin arziki da sake fasalin rayar da tattalin arzikin kasar. Garambawul Alekseya Kosygina, fara a 1965 shekara, shi ne wasu har da nufin tunzura da tattalin arzikin cikin wata kasuwa hanya. Saboda haka aka muhimmanci kumbura tattalin arziki 'yancin kai na manyan mallakar gwamnati Enterprises, ya gabatar da kayan aikin da kayan ihisani ga ma'aikata da hannu. Kuma yin gyare-gyare da aka sadu da tsammanin da gaske. Riga na farko lokacin da Brezhnev ta sarautar aka alama da mafi nasara biyar-shekara lokacin a cikin tarihin kasar.

Duk da haka, da Reformers bai je ta. M canje-canje sakamakon da weakening na jihar iko, da aka ba supplemented da zama dole 'yanci a wasu yankunan tattalin arziki rayuwa. Garambawul ya bijirar da kuma mummunan sakamako, kamar Trend zuwa mafi girma farashin for kaya. Bugu da kari, a cikin farkon 70s da aka samu a Siberia filayen man fetur, wanda ya kai ga m asarar Soviet jagoranci ta sha'awa cikin garambawul kokarin. Game 70-ies fara nuna wasu slowdown na cikin gida da tattalin arzikin kasar. Production zama kasa kudin-tasiri. Makamai da kuma sarari shirin ƙara lagging bayan da manyan gasa - Amurka (karshe laifin nasarar da Soviet sarari shirin ya zama wani abin hawa "Mars-2", na farko sanya shi a amince da jan duniya). Bugu da ƙari, cikin fada bayan da aka samu a babban fasahar masana'antu.

Wadannan korau trends zuwa babban har zama cikin hanyar m gyara da kuma abin da ya ƙare - auka daga cikin Soviet jihar. Bukatar karin aikin injiniya da kuma sauran albarkatun dabarun masana'antu ba zai iya shafar slowing na ci gaba haske masana'antu cewa quite m tasiri a kan al'ummar kasar. Karanci abinci da muhimmanci kaya - na farko, watakila, da cewa a general ake dangantawa da m talakawa na zamanin. Duk da haka, lokacin Brezhnev ta mulki, da ake kira cunkoso ne irin wannan ne kawai a kwatanta da na baya, wuce yarda high kudi na ci gaba da nauyi da kuma haske masana'antu a kasar. A daidai wannan lokaci miliyoyin mu countrymen, sai ya tuna a matsayin zinariya shekaru. Da farko, ga waɗanda suka yi cikakken ji drop a tattalin arziki da yi da kuma rayuwar a shekarun 1990s. A lokaci guda, alama ta sarautar Brezhnev da sauran gagarumin lokacin: wannan ne yaki a Afghanistan, da kuma wani sabon zagaye na yakin cacar baki, da kuma wahala dangantakar tare da kasar Sin a sakamakon rikice-rikice a cikin tsakanin Sin da Tarayyar Soviet.