Hagia Sophia, Istanbul: taƙaitaccen bayanin, photo, tarihi, adireshin, bude sa'o'i

Na da yawa gani na Turkey, watakila mafi m, kuma mafi ziyarci ne Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Yan unguwa kira shi Aya Sofia. Su makangara ne don nuna wannan gagarumin gini ga duk baƙi ziyartar kasar. Wannan shi ne wani hatsari. Hagia Sophia a Istanbul, wanda photo qawata a duk brochures na tafiya hukumomin - wani m gini da wani arziki tarihi, musamman gine-gine da kuma rarrabe zane na ciki.

Wannan addini da ginin ya shaida da yawa abubuwan tarihin da na zamanin d Konstantinoful (da ba Istanbul), da tarihi cike yake da daban-daban da kuma sau da yawa da masifu - girgizar asa da kuma halaka, gobara da yaƙe-yaƙe. Duk da haka Cathedral haƙurin da yau karfafa ta yawa ba kawai mazauna yankin, amma kuma da yawa baƙi zuwa birni.

Hagia Sophia a Istanbul: tarihin halittar

Mutane da yawa ze m cewa fiye da shekaru 1000 da wannan gini shi ne mafi girma coci a Orthodox duniya. A farko gininsa a kan site na yanzu Cathedral zo a cikin 360, a zamanin mulkin Constantine. Gwada da kananan Basil aka rufe da katako, rufi kuma yana da daidai siffar.

A cikin shekara ta 404, ginin da aka kone a lokacin tashin. Theodosius II umurce shi da sake gina a 415. A sabon Basilica da biyar naves, kuma ma yana da wani katako, rufi. A cikin shekara ta 532, bayan rare tawaye (tawaye Nick), a lokacin mulkin sarkin Justinian aka halakar da kuma ginin.

Game da daya wanda ya gina baya majami'u, an kiyaye su abin dogara bayanai. Amma sunayen wadanda suka kafa na yanzu gine-gine ne da aka sani. Yana Anzemios da Isidoros. Hagia Sophia a Konstatinoful (Istanbul) da aka gina godiya ga wannan Justinian. The gine na sabon ginin da aka muhimmanci daban-daban daga pre-data kasance basilicas.

A farko Haikali

Cathedral coci da aka dage farawa a cikin shekara 532, da kuma kawai na tsawon shekaru biyar daga baya (a 537) shige farko sabis a karkashin ta arches. Daga baya fiye da Hagia Sophia ya zama m wuri na sa kambi na sarakuna na Roman Empire. A watan Yuli 1054 a cikin ganuwar da wannan haikali ne wakilin Leo IX (Paparoma) - Cardinal Humbert da sarki Mihail Kirulary excommunicated juna daga coci (anathematized). Wannan taron ya sa da sãɓãni kawai sabõda a Katolika da kuma Orthodox.

The gina masallaci

A lokacin tsakanin 1204 da 1261 shekaru, Istanbul aka shagaltar da ta Salibiyya. A wannan lokaci, birnin kanta, da kuma coci da aka mai tsanani lalace. Bayan nasara da Konstantinoful a shekara to 1453 sun, Sultan Mehmed fara kafa musulunci domin. A gini na Cathedral yana da kyau karfafa, ƙarin sandunan sandunan da aka shigar. Saboda haka, akwai a ƙasar Aya Sofia Masallaci. A zamanin Sultan Mehmed da Madrasa aka gina - musulmi makaranta, wanda dade har zuwa XVII karni.

halittar gidan kayan gargajiya

A cikin XIX karni (1847-1849 gg.) Next maimaitawa ya faru a cikin Cathedral. Fossati 'yan'uwa, wanda a lokacin su ne gine-ginen kuranye bay, inda ya zarar ya yi addu'a ga sarakuna. An located in arewacin Haikali a kananan alkuki, da kuma aka a haɗe zuwa hagu na mihrab. A 1935, da Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) da aka ayyana da gidan-gidan kayan gargajiya na Mustafa Ataturk.

Tun 2006, bayan da yawa Rokon da aminci ga gwamnatin, dauke da Musulmi ayyukan hajji da aka yarda a Haikali. Church masana tarihi ce shi ne da Hagia Sophia a Istanbul ya wurin da jakadu na Rasha Vladimir sarkin ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga ra'ayin da Orthodox addini. Girgiza da kyau na sabis da za'ayi a nan, sun shawarci sarkin ya maida zuwa Kristanci Mai Tsarki Rus.

Yana kama da Hagia Sophia a Istanbul?

Da shahararren haikalin da yake a cikin siffar wani oblong quadrilateral. Yana Forms uku aisles, daya (low) - m, biyu gefen - narrower. Da Basilica yana da wani quadrangular sredokrestiem, wanda aka lashe ta a Dome. A babbar Dome na Haikalin tsarin ne mai fitacciyar addini gine na ta lokaci.

A cewar Turkiyya bincike ƙarfi ganuwar Cathedral aka samu ta ƙara zuwa wani bayani da (ginin) tsantsa daga bushe bar ash. Wide cibiyar hanya, square a gindi, an daure a kan sasanninta da dirkoki huɗu, wanda ake propped sama babbar arches kuma an rufe shi da wani lebur Dome (31 m). Its saman ne 51 mita sama ƙasa matakin. Dome dauki kashi radial arches. A ta ƙananan part, located in mezharochnyh gibba yanka ta 40 arched windows. Wannan halitta a ji na m haske zone, located a kasa na Dome.

Ko da bukatunsu na zamani yi ma'aikata gini da shi yana da matukar ban sha'awa size -75h68 mita. Mafi yawa daga cikin gine-gine da kuma fasaha mafita da aka farko amfani da lokacin da suka gina da Hagia Sophia (Istanbul), daga baya a yi amfani da addini gine a duniya.

A ciki ado

Hagia Sophia (Istanbul), wani taƙaitaccen bayanin da yawon bude ido za su iya samu a cikin brochures na tafiya hukumomin ko birni shiryar, to, shi ne musamman m domin ta aras size lokacin shigar ciki.

Inner Haikali gama dade na dama ƙarni. Ta ke ko da yaushe kasance a alatu. A ganuwar rufe gaba daya mosaic (as ado da kuma batun qagaggun). Amfani a cikin shiri na daban-daban launuka na marmara, shan na farko biyu benaye duhu launin toka, kusan baki. Kusa da Dome (a cikin sama tiers) bango kamar yadda idan jefa a cikin zinariya.

Babban alama ce ta wannan ban mamaki yi ne a jitu hade da Musulmi da kuma Orthodox addinai. Hudu manyan medallions a rubutun Larabci sunayen buga annabi Muhammadu, Allah kuma na farko da Khalifofi. Tsakanin medallions ne Orthodox fresco tare da fuskar da Virgin.

A cikin babban alama a kan duk yawon bude ido ziyartar samar hawa na biyu na cikin Haikalin. Saboda haka Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) ya dubi har ma fiye da majestic. Nan za ka iya sha'awan da kyau na wannan tsohon tsari. A hawa na biyu da za ka iya ganin shahara marmara ƙofofi. A lokaci daya su da aka rabu da babban dakin da majalisar da na mallaka Rooms.

mosaics

A mafi muhimmanci da kashi na ciki ado na haikali ne tsoho mosaics. Masana sun conventionally kasu kashi uku tarihi lokaci:

• IX c (farko).
• IX-X karni.
• ƙarshen X karni.

A 1935 muka fara maido aiki a kan maido da tsohon Orthodox frescos da mosaics. Masana tarihi musamman godiya da image na Our Lady (mosaic), wanda aka located a kan apse. An sanya a kan wani zinariya bango. Tufãfinsu na Our Lady of duhu blue color. Yana da wani babban hade da zinariya da duhu blue jaddada ruhun Byzantine girma.

Abin mamaki da kyau kiyaye apses da bagaden, kusa da ba za ka iya ganin gado na sultan. A lokacin sujada a nan halartar Gwamnan, tare da m kuma da 'ya'ya maza. Daura da gado da aka sanye take ga mata da iyali na Sultan. An muhimmin kashi na ciki ado ya kamata a kira babban bango bangarori, wanda aka kashe a cikin classic al'adar Ottoman rubutun.

Abin baƙin ciki, a yau kiyaye mosaics ba sosai da yawa. A daya daga cikinsu ya siffanta da Virgin Mary da Sarkin sarakuna John II. A lokacin, da gwamnan da ya kasaftawa babbar kudi domin gina Haikalin.

Abin da ya nemi?

Sanya gargajiya sa kambi na Byzantine sarakuna - omfalion. Yana da wani marmara circumferentially zubar a kasa na babban coci.

Kuka shafi mai rufi da tagulla. A da shi a wata low tsawo (a kan matakin da 'yan adam girma) ne a kananan rami. Kamar yadda tsoho labari, idan rami ka sa yatsar ka kuma yi fata a wannan lokaci, to, shi zai zo gaskiya ba tare da kasa.

"Cold akwatin" - shi ne wani janye daga zamanin d Haikali. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a mafi zafi ranar taga hurawa sanyi, na shakatawa iska.

Daga cikin Musulunci Monuments masallaci Hagia Sophia rubutu daidai kiyaye mihrab da bagaden a daya daga cikin apses na coci. Bugu da kari, sun hada da wani sassaka marmara bagade, wanda aka halitta a cikin XVI karni a zamanin Sultan Murad III.

Yawon bude ido, lalle zã roko da kuma raba gado domin muezzin. Ta juya zuwa Makka - kabarin Ottoman Sultans. Babban sha'awa ne jarrabawa na makarantar firamare gini, a library, wani marmaro da kuma cibiyar ga matalauta, wanda ya gina da Sultan Mahmud na a cikin XVII karni.

hours

Idan kana shirin je Turkey, mun bayar da shawarar cewa ka tabbata ga ziyarci Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Address wannan ban mamaki abin tunawa na tarihi da kuma gine: Aya Sofya sq, Sultanahmet, Istanbul, Turkey .. Mu ne m cewa za ka gamsu da ziyarar da wannan gagarumin gini.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa baƙi kowace rana jiran Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Operating lokaci dabam dan kadan dangane da kakar. A lokacin rani (daga 15,04 a 01.10), da gidan kayan gargajiya ne bude daga 9,00 zuwa 19.00, kuma a cikin hunturu - daga 9,00 zuwa 17.00. Tikitin tallace-tallace ƙare a 18:00 a lokacin rani, hunturu - a 16.00.

The kudin na ziyartar gidan kayan gargajiya ne talatin da liras, kuma ga matasa baƙi (a karkashin shekara goma sha biyu) Entrance free. Lira za ka iya saka wani tafiya wakili kai tsaye kafin tafiya. Duk wanda yake so ya ziyarci Cathedral of Sophia a Istanbul, kamata ka sani cewa a lokacin watan Ramadan, duk Musulmi na cikin Haikali ba ya aiki.

Yadda za a samu a can?

Idan da za ku ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya a kan nasu (ba kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wani rangadi kungiyar), to ya kamata ka san yadda za su samu a can. Make shi kyawawan sauki, ta amfani da jama'a kai. Za ka bukatar bas (hanya T4) ko haske dogo (TR1). Tsaya ka bukatar da ake kira "Sultanahmet".

Wa zai iya yi da jirgin karkashin kasa (Havalimani-Aksaray) daga Ataturk Airport zuwa Zeytinburnu tashar. To, kana bukatar ka canja wurin da TR1 tram, wanda daukan ka zuwa wani wuri. Idan ka rayu a cikin Sisli gundumar, za ka iya tafiya da Metro zuwa Taksim tashar.