Gwamnatin da babban birnin kasar na Jamhuriyar Altai. Tarihi, gani da ban sha'awa facts

Rasha - kamfanin dake da wata jiha, da yankuna da gabatar yankuna, musamman cikin sharuddan al'adunsu, yanayi, da kuma a cikin da yawa hanyoyi - a cikin bangare na girmamawa da kuma zaman lafiya na daban-daban al'ummai. Daga cikin wadanda - Respublika Altay. Mene ne mafi sananne matakai na tarihi na yankin? Mene ne tushen tattalin arzikin? Mene ne halaye na al'adu ci gaban da Altai yau?

La'akari for farkon tsarin jihar ikon na Jamhuriyar. Shin daban-daban a cikin manufa daga model aiki a wasu yankuna Rasha?

Respublika Altay: ikon tsarin

Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Altai - tare da kunkuntar fassarar ajalin - daya daga cikin jikin da samar da tsarin gwamnati na tarayya batu. A karkashin kundin tsarin mulki, ya dauki siyasa naúrar, da wording daga waxanda suke da kullum kama daidai arziki na da doka ta asali na Rasha Federation, key hukumomin gwamnati suna aiki a cikin tsarin na rabuwa da majalisu, zartarwa da kuma na ~ angaren shari'a.

Idan muka fassara nazari lokaci ne ba kamar yadda dalĩli, kuma a mafi fadi ji, cewa shi ne. E. Kamar yadda wani siyasa management system, shi ne mai yiwuwa ya kamata a lura da cewa gwamnatin na Altai Jamhuriyar aka shirya a yarda da manufa na delegating wasu iko da Federation mahaluži matakin da birni. Kamar yadda a mafi wasu yankuna na Rasha.

A mafi hukuma a cikin harkokin siyasa tsarin da yankin gwamnati - kai na Altai Jamhuriyar. Ya aka zabe ta kai tsaye kuri'a na yawan jama'a. A lokaci guda shugaban gwamnatin (as zartarwa dalĩli). Ya kunshi daban-daban ma'aikatun na Jamhuriyar Altai. The m majalisu jiki ne batu na Tarayya - majalisar jihar. A harshen asalin mutanen da Jamhuriyar, da Altai, shi sauti kamar El Kurultai. Lokacin da wannan gwamnatin ne da lissafi ga majalisar jihar. Kotun Koli na Jamhuriyar Altai - da mafi kotu a na uku reshe na gwamnati.

Gudanarwa da siyasa naúrar na Jamhuriyar

Gudanarwa da siyasa tsarin yankin 10 da aka kafa yankunan, kowanne daga wanda aka raba municipalities, da kuma babban birnin kasar na Altai. Wannan tsarin na kungiyar ikon quite kama management model aiwatar a wasu kasa jamhuriyoyin da Rasha Federation. batun na babban birnin kasar - birnin Gorno-Altaisk.

Kowace daga cikin garuruwa cewa, samar da administrative da siyasa naúrar na Jamhuriyar, na da Yarjejeniya, wanda compulsorily rajista da gwamnatin. MO surori aka zabe su ta hanyar kai tsaye zaben. Mai charters hada da tattalinsu MO, wanda aka karkashin jagorancin shugaban ma'aikatar tsaro ne kuma m ikon yankin naúrar. Duk da haka, da bambance-bambancen a cikin abin da key siyasa adadi Municipality iya zama na dokokin ƙa'idar kai-wakilin tsarin. Alal misali, a fannin Shebalinsky mutum mamaye matsayin shugaban ma'aikatar tsaro ta, shi ne ma shugaban na Board of wakilai. Shugaban Ust-Koksinsky gundumar, bi da bi, take kaiwa ba kawai ga m wakilin jiki, amma kuma gwamnatin da Municipality. A irin wannan tsarin shi ne inganci a Jamhuriyar Chemal yankin.

Saboda haka, tsarin da siyasa ikon batun Tarayya a matsayin dukan shi ne kama da model soma a cikin wasu Rasha yankuna. Saboda haka, nazarin ta babban maki, mu ci gaba da binciken na kasa da kasa da al'adu da halaye na Jamhuriyar, wanda, bi da bi, shi ne a mutunta mutane da yawa musamman.

National abun da ke ciki

Daga cikin mafi manyan yankuna na Rasha - Respublika Altay. Harshe 'yan asalin ilimin harsuna koma zuwa Turkic kungiyar. Ya, tare da Rasha, - daya daga cikin biyu hukuma a Federation. A Jamhuriyar Altai mutane - game da 31% na al'ummar jihar. Masu rinjaye, game da 60% ne Rasha. Appreciable rabo Kazakh mutane - game 6%. Bugu da kari, babban adadin kabilanci Ukrainians da Jamusawa da suke zaune a wannan duniya.

Altai - asalin mutanen da Jamhuriyar

Tarihi na Jamhuriyar Altai ne ban sha'awa da farko daga cikin ra'ayi na ci gaba da 'yan asalin kabila. Babban matakai na ethnogenesis na Altai, kazalika da zamantakewa da al'adu sadarwa tare da sauran mutane. A gaskiya ma, Altai - shi ne na gama sunan da dama kabilu magana Turkic harsuna. The most kasa - shi ne Teleuts, Tubalars, Urynkhay, Shor, Telengits da kabilanci kungiyar da ake kira da wannan a matsayin da take da Jamhuriyar - Altai, amma daban-daban daga wasu alaka da shi. Akwai fiye da dari sub-kabilu, kira Seok. Na ga shi aka ƙaddara, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da bishiyar iyalin mutum. Altai sadarwa a daban-daban yaruka. A harshen da 'yan asalin kabila da Jamhuriyar nasa ne da Kyrgyzstan-kypchayskoy subgroup na Turkic yaruka.

Asalin da Altai

Ethnogenesis Altaians dabam dangane da yankin. Northern kasashe da suke zaune a jamhuriyar, akwai kabilu a lamba Samoyed, Ugric, Turkic, da kuma Ket asalin. Zuriyar wadannan kabilu suna dauke Tubalars. Bi da bi, da kudu ya hulda tsakanin Turkic da Mongol kabilu. Saboda haka akwai, misali, da kuma Telengits Teleuts. Saboda gaskiya cewa Altai mutanen arewa da kuma kudu da daban-daban asalin, kuma saboda da rashin manyan kai hanyoyi juna hanya ba rayayye a lamba na dogon lokaci tsakanin su zauna gagarumin bambance-bambance a cikin rabe-raben harsuna, al'adu da kuma zamantakewa al'amurran. A Soviet sau akwai wani alama (Abubakar) na kananan kabilu.

Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka gani da wasu masu bincike, da yawa Altai da farko gane kansu ba kawai a matsayin 'yan kasa na yankin da kuma na titular al'umma, amma kamar yadda na ga wani musamman kabila, tseren ko seok. Na biyu, bisa ga ethnographers, mafi muhimmanci rarrabẽwa - harshe, kazalika da iyali da kuma addini hadisai, kakanninmu duniya. Har ila yau, da masu bincike lura, domin Altai muhimmanci Gwargwadon factor, t. E. A wurin zama na musamman halayyar zamantakewa yanayi domin shi.

Littafi al'adun 'yan asalin mutane

Musamman aiki matakai, nuna ci gaban da guda shaidar dan kasa Altai mutane na daban-daban kayyade asalin, ya fara faruwa a cikin 80-ies karni na karshe. A gaskiya, wannan Trend, kamar yadda wasu masu bincike yi imani, an fi mayar da qaddara da gaskiyar sanarwar a shekarar 1991 da hukumomi na batu na jihar Mulki a kan iyaka, wanda yayi dace da zamani Jamhuriyar Altai Mountains. Na samu da hukuma matsayi na da harshen asalin halitta ethnos. Yana da aka legislated kasa holidays, kamar, misali, Independence Day, bikin a kan Yuli 3 ko mutãne festival E-Oiyn. majalisar shugabannin kabilu, ko zaisans - A lokacin tsari, nuna da girma na kasa da sani Altai, daya daga cikin key tarihi zamantakewa cibiyoyin na mutane da aka mayar. Yanzu rawar da suka taka a cikin zamantakewa da ci gaban da Jamhuriyar aka kimanta a matsayin muhimmiyar, supplementing da hukuma ikon tsari.

Ba kalla a cikin ci gaban da Altai kabila zauna hijirarsa tafiyar matakai. A daban-daban na tarihi lokaci na 'yan asalin mutanen yankin da aka motsi tsakanin duwatsu da kuma bayyana. Idan shekaru na Soviet ci gaba, a cewar wasu masu bincike, da 'yan asalin mutane iya gravitate kaura zuwa da duwãtsu, sai yanzu ethnos fara gane kansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na} ungiyoyin jama'a, da suke zaune a birane located a filayen. A muhimmiyar rawa a wannan yanki taka wata babban birnin kasar na Jamhuriyar - sun fi mayar saboda, bayan da rikicin lokaci 90 a nan zauna fiye ko žasa da muhimmanci, daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi, da kayayyakin more rayuwa albarkatu.

Altai da kuma Rasha

A tarihin Altai Jamhuriyar ne ma ban sha'awa a cikin bangare na hulda tsakanin 'yan asalin da kuma Rasha al'ummai. Dukansu kabilun cu] anya a kowa yankin, bisa ga al'ada goyon bayan zaman lafiya a cikin dangantaka. The al'adu rai na Jamhuriyar cikakken matsayin kasa harafin da ayyukan, da kuma Rasha bukukuwa. Wasu daga cikin bukukuwa daban-daban na al'umma da wani kusa al'adu dangantaka. Alal misali, a zaman ranar hutu Dyylgayak sosai kama da Rasha Maslenitsa.

Kamar yadda masu bincike lura, aiki tare da hadin gwiwar Rasha Altai al'ummai fara a cikin 17th karni. A wannan yanayin, game da tsakiyar 18th karni babban ɓangare na ƙasa na zamani Jamhuriyar yana daga cikin Jungar khanate, ga abin da Rasha Empire, da dangantakar da aka ba sosai m. Wannan shã'aninku ya, kamar yadda masana tarihi suka yi ĩmãni, wani gagarumin shãmaki kara lambobi da Rasha yan asalin kabilun na yankin. Duk da haka, Altai zauna a ba da mafi m zamantakewa da siyasa yanayi. Suna kewaye da yawanci maƙiya Mongolian da Sin kabilu. A sakamakon haka, da Altai Zaisan - yayin da su matsayi a cikin kasa al'umma ya kusa ake mallaki by Rasha shugabanni - sai sarki ya ce game da dan kasa. Saboda haka, May 2, 1756, da Altai ƙasa ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha Empire. Tun da marigayi 18th karni, a yankin da 'yan asalin kabilun sun zama musamman hulɗa da Rasha compatriots. Mazauna Turai na da Empire, su matsa zuwa sabon yankuna, janyo hankalin, bisa ga masu bincike, da masu yiwuwa na ci gaba arable ƙasar. Tare da natsuwa zo zuwa Altai Rasha Orthodox firistoci waɗanda aka tsunduma a aikin mishan.

Daya misali na hadin kai na Rasha da kuma 'yan asalin mutane na yankin da za a iya gani a matsayin kasa take na Jamhuriyar Altai. Shi ne na musamman a cewa da shi da aka gabatar a iri biyu - da kasa da harshe, da a Rasha. Duk da haka, aya ta biyu ita aka rubuta kawai a cikin Altai. Hukumance, da take na Jamhuriyar Altai da aka soma gwada da kwanan nan, a cikin 2001. Wannan m song, da masu bincike suka yi ĩmãni, sun fi mayar nuni da muhimmancin da kuma rinjayar da ƙarni-tsohon zumuncin da ke tsakanin jama'ar kasashen biyu ga juna da zaman lafiya da sada zumunci da co-zama, kazalika yiwuwa ga kara raya na Altai Jamhuriyar a cikin zamantakewa da siyasa da al'adu sharuddan.

babban birnin kasar

Mene ne ban sha'awa game da babban birnin kasar na Altai Jamhuriyar? La'akari da ainihin gaskiya. Gorno-Altaisk aka located a arewa maso yammacin kasar, a kan ƙasa na da Municipality Mayminsky District. A birni ta yawan - fiye da 61 da mutane dubu .. The hukuma tarihi na Gorno-Altaisk, kamar yadda wasu masu bincike yi imani, yana da za'ayi daga farkon karni na 19th. A lokacin, nan gaba site na babban birnin kasar da aka karamin shiri kafa ta daya daga cikin yankin na 'yan asalin kabilu, Teleuts. Duk da haka, archaeologists sun tabbatar da bayanin da a cikin Gorno-Altaisk yanki mutane sun rayu tun zamanin da.

Rayayye bincika nan gaba babban birnin kasar na Altai Jamhuriyar shi ne 20-ies na 19th karni. A musamman, a 1824 a nan fara motsa natsuwa daga Biysk. Suka kafa kauye, sunansa ne a kan daya daga cikin harsunan asalin halitta sauti kamar Ulala. Yana zama wani ɓangare na Biysk County Tomsk lardin. Raya yankunan karkara, a cewar masana tarihi, ya yafi saboda da ayyuka na Altai Ruhaniya Mission. A posleduschego shekarun da suka gabata Ulala fatake fara motsa, sa'an nan garin ya zama wani muhimmin ciniki cibiyar Bijskogo County.

A 1917, akwai wani juyin juya hali, da kuma Soviets zo da wuta. An yanke shawarar kafa a yankin inda kauyen da aka located Ulala, Biisk da kuma wasu da dama suka dake a cikin yankin, mutum ƙauyuka, kazalika da Oirot mai cin gashin kanta. A 1922, Ulala zama ta administrative cibiyar, kuma a 1928 gari da aka sanya birni matsayi. A 1932 an sake masa suna cikin Oirot Tour. A shekara ta 1948 Oirot m yankin, an yanke shawarar sake sunan Gorno-Altaisk. Yana canja da sunan da kuma shi ne babban birnin kasar. Tun da shi ne ake kira Gorno-Altaisk.

Gorno-Altaisk: tattalin arzikin

La'akari da, a matsayin babban birnin kasar na Altai Jamhuriyar aka shirya a cikin tattalin arziki sharuddan. A Soviet lokaci, Gorno-Altaisk ya zama mai iko masana'antu cibiyar. Yana housed da sha'anin sosai daban-daban da masana'antu - yi, inji-gini, metallurgy, abinci, bugu. Sarrafa furniture da kuma yadi masana'antu. Duk da haka, bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da girma daga cikin samarwa da aka rufe. Daya daga cikin 'yan sauran wanda ake yanzu wasa muhimmiyar rawa a cikin birnin tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma sun fi mayar da tasiri cikin ci gaban da Altai Jamhuriyar - kankare kayayyakin shuka.

Yanzu mayar da hankali a zuba jari a cikin tsarin tattalin arziki na birnin da aka sanya a kan yawon shakatawa da masana'antu. Jamhuriyar Altai al'adu na dogon tarihi, a gaskiya, da shi ya haɗu mahara wayewar. Wannan ya sa na yankin da wani m manufa a fagen fadace-yawon shakatawa. Akwai wani aiki ci gaban da ya dace kayayyakin da ake bukata domin kungiyar na wasanni sabis. Gina hotels, gidajen cin abinci, fitness cibiyoyin bude.

yawon shakatawa

Daya daga cikin key abubuwa na gari - da fili Elanda, located ba da nisa daga Gorno-Altaisk. Akwai aka halitta da wani babban hutu yankin. Akwai tsare-tsaren da za a gina wani ski mafaka, da ababen more rayuwa ga wasannin wasanni, daban-daban irin hunturu wasanni. Horarwa alaka da canji na yankin cikin wani yawon shakatawa cibiyar, su ne riga samar da gwaggwabar riba sakamakon. Akwai shaida da, misali, cewa tun 2010 ya kasance wani kwari karuwa a yawon shakatawa kwarara. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa, a wani wuya tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a wadda tukuna zauna Rasha, Respublika Altay ne quite iya fara jawo masu yawon shakatawa da suka saba wa tsada hunturu mura sauran Rasha yankuna da kuma kasashen waje.

Altai - musamman wuri, da kuma cikin sharuddan labarin kasa da kuma cikin sharuddan ƙarni na ci gaba da kuma interpenetration na addinai, al'adu da kuma na kasa hadisai. Mutane da yawa da suka ziyarci nan, ka lura da dangantaka ta musamman da 'yan asalin mutane da yanayi - da kuma wannan ma'ana daga jituwa da duniya kewaye Altaians ko ta yaya sarrafa auku a kan ga wasu, da su makwabta kabilu, ciki har da baƙi. Jamhuriyar Altai Mountains, duk da gagarumin mataki na masana'antu a cikin Soviet sau, yana da manyan yankunan da ba su ƙware da mutum. Akwai, a wani tsabta yanayi, wani mazaunin na zamani Rasha hedkwatarsu ne zuwa manta game da latsa al'amurran da suka shafi, hutu daga biki ya kasance biki birni da bustle. Ku zo zuwa ga Mountain Altai!