Gothic gine a Jamus: Tarihi da kuma siffofin

A gani na Jamus tarihi a gine ne da hallmark na wannan kasar. Zahiri kowane mataki na tarihi raya aka tare da fitowan da sabon gine-gine da yayi da kuma ra'ayoyin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa zamani yawon bude ido tare da sha'awa cikin da ziyartar gida jan hankali da cewa suna shirye su bude wani ilmi mutum mai yawa mai ban sha'awa game da kasar da kuma ta mutane. A Gothic style of gine a Jamus ne mafi muhimmanci kuma na asali. Ya fara samar yawa daga baya fiye da a Faransa, amma da aka haka garwaya da al'adun gargajiya na kasar cewa shekaru da yawa da aka dauke shi ta zuriyarsa. Yau za mu gaya muku mafi ban sha'awa abubuwa game da gine-gine na Jamus, nuna rubutu da Jamusanci Gothic style, shahara a ko'ina cikin duniya saboda ta m Ibada.

A 'yan kalmomi game da al'adun

Jamus gine kafa da kuma raya ƙarƙashin rinjayar Gwargwadon da kuma tarihi fasali. Gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan kasar na dogon lokaci da aka mulki ta hanyar shugabanninmu, takaddama a tsakãninsu.

Wannan ya taimaka wajen ci daga wani iri-iri na kwatance a gine a Jamus. Kowane birni da aka gina a kansa style, wanda ya gagara rubanya a cikin wasu kwaminonin. Duk wannan ya yale mu mu yi magana game da kasa gine na Jamus, da style wanda aka samar da dogon shekaru na sana'a da aka horar a Faransa da kuma Italiya.

Abin ba in ciki, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kasar rasa mafi yawan tarihi Monuments. Suna da za a mayar da maza maza, saboda haka wasu daga cikin gani, kuma ba su koma zuwa ga tsohon bayyanar. Modern gine a Jamus kusa da Art Nouveau style, shi wanda ya yi da aka dauka a matsayin dalilin da gina birane a rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin. Har yanzu, mafi yawan sabon ginin yana nufin wannan salon.

Gothic: taƙaitaccen bayanin

Gothic style fara dauki siffar a matsayin mai raba da kuma takamaiman style a kusa da nuna na goma sha biyu karni. A wannan lokacin, marigayi tsakiyar zamanai mutane sun riga tara babba kwarewa da ilmi zuwa wani sabon look ga erection na gine-gine. Mai gine-ginen ne dadi ta amfani da kwarewa da tsoho lissafi, kuma su ilmi na lissafi sanya shi yiwuwa a canzawa daban-daban sarari. Wannan hankali ya kai ga gaskiya cewa Romanesque style cewa rinjaye cikin kasashen Turai, ya fara ba da hanyar wani sabon abu, dangane mabanbanta Concepts.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa Kalmar "Gothic" ya bayyana da yawa daga baya. Ya bayyana kamar raina nadi daga cikin manyan kamance tsakanin al'adu da kuma al'adunmu na zamanin d Roma da kuma wani sabon Trend, wanda sun sanya Turai da dabbanci. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu yana da laƙabi "Goths", kuma haka ga sabon salon da aka gyarawa guda kaifin sunan.

Gothic gine: general description

Gothic ya shafi gina gine-gine da cewa jũna a gudanar da irrepressible ra'ayoyi da kuma karu har zuwa sama, shaidawa game da girman mutumin. Domin irin wannan gine-gine da ake bukata sosai m zane da wani yawa na kayan gini. Itace aka maye gurbinsu da wani dutse, wanda damar aiwatar da duk ideas na gine-ginen da aka resistant zuwa m yayin da a Turai birane gobara.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a kanta gothic gine zama} ashin for yawa ƙirƙirãwa. Lalle ne, a lokacin da gini ya da za a dauke su a mafi girma tsawo overall dutse tubalan, wanda ya bukatar magani daban-daban tare da baƙin ƙarfe kayan aikin. A a layi daya, da magina da ya haifar da sabon Mixes a kan tushen da lemun tsami da yashi, iya daidaita hade da juna da duwatsu.

Babban rabo mai girma daga cikin Gothic Masters firtsi ne dauke siffatawa tsarin. Ta yarda da yin lissafi da batu na m Tsarin support don rage yawan ginshikan, tãyar da windows da kuma bari a cikin tsarin kamar yadda zai yiwu haske. Irin wannan m ya zama real Boon ga majalisarku, wanda sun iya hada da juna dakunan yin sarari mafi marmari da kuma ban sha'awa.

Babu shakka, da sabon salon da ya tsirfanta da fasali a kowane kasashen Turai. Wannan ne mafi bayyana da kanta Gothic gine a Jamus. Duk da babban fasali na style aka canza kama zuwa wani sabon abu da ya zama hallmark kasar. Abin mamaki, har ma da Jamus da kansu har shekaru da yawa sun gaskata cewa Gothic aka haife shi a kasar su kuma kawai daga baya bazu ko'ina Turai. Kallon m babban coci, gina ta Jamus sana'a, zai iya ze abin da suka kasance ba da nisa daga gaskiya - da Gothic wani real tunani na al'ada da kuma hadisai na Jamus.

Gothic a Jamus: Architecture

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wani sabon Trend ya kama zukatan Jamus artists ne sosai a hankali fiye da shi a Ingila da kuma Faransa. A cikin wadannan kasashe, da Gothic aka kafa a farkon goma sha biyu karni, kuma a Jamus na farko tsarin da abubuwa dauka daga wani ba style, ya bayyana ne kawai a karshen goma sha uku.

Babban tasiri a kan gine-gine na Jamus ya France, daga nan ya zo da master, wahayi zuwa da admiring Gothic ideas. Godiya a gare su, akwai na farko gine-gine da abubuwa na sabon salo. Su ma wuya ga sanyã wa kammala gine-gine na Gothic gine a Jamus, amma sun zama wani irin tsaka mataki daga Romanesque style. A wannan lokacin suna da irin Masterpieces kamar yadda St Michael da ke Church, Chapel na St. Bartholomew ta Cathedral da St. Kilian.

A nan gaba, wadannan gine-gine monumental fara koma zuwa Romanesque-Gothic style, gaba daya rasa ta munasaba zuwa karshen ta goma sha uku karni.

Ci gaba da kuma kafa na Jamus Gothic gine

By farkon karni na sha hudu Jamus gine a Gothic style, ya samu ta mai haske individuality, da ikon da nauyi siffofin aro daga Faransa. A ƙarshe, dukan abin da aka dauka daga sauran} asashe da al'adunsu, ya canza kama zuwa wata yawan siffofin da za mu tattauna a wani sashe daga cikin labarin.

Sahaban yi imani da cewa mafi daukan hankali gini a Gothic style zama gaskiya Church of Our Lady. Ta fara da za a gina a cikin dash game a cikin shekara ta talatin da goma sha uku karni. Its bayãnin hukuncin fasalin ya cikin shirin na yau da kullum giciye. Similar Tsarin baya da ba a Jamus kuma a sauran kasashen Turai. Magina aka shirya a cikin coci biyu chapels symmetrically a duk kwance tsarin. Wannan fitacciyar ganin darajarsa ta gine-ginen daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

By lokacin flowering na Gothic iya hada Magdeburg Cathedral da Church of St. Elizabeth.

Features Jamus gine

Jamus Gothic samu da kansa musamman siffofin cewa sun zama ta hallmark. Daga cikin mafi mashahuri ne da wadannan:

• M lissafi. Wasu masu tarihi sun nuna cewa, Jamus gine na zamani halin da m sauki daga Lines. Sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da Cathedrals da monumental fortifications, halitta don kare birane.
• Rashin ornamentation a yamma facade. Faransa suna sosai a hankali tsara ado abubuwa, yayin da Jamus ne don kauce wa wuce kima yawan ƙarin abubuwa da kuma fi son tsabta Lines.
• Sadaukar da daya ko hudu hasumiyarki. A duk kasashen Turai domin gina da Gothic style ya hali na synods na biyu hasumiyarki. Jamus Masters sun tafi kara - su yi lashe wani doguwar hasumiya, ko hudu symmetrically shirya kewayen kewaye na babban coci.
• Canja wurin ƙofar a gefe facade. Domin da Gothic Tsarin saba shirya shigarwa a tsakiyar gaban, amma yana da wani gefen ƙofar a Jamus mafi yawan gine-gine. Wannan yarda mana mu ji dadin kyau na ginin da cikakkiyar.
• Brick Gothic. Wannan shugabanci da aka buga madadin na mazauna Jamus, kuma ya kasance mai tartsatsi ne a cikin yankin arewacin kasar.

Wannan za mu gaya muku a more daki-daki.

tubali Gothic

A sabon salon na gine shibtarsu wani yanayi lokacin da zabi kayan gini. A hasara su ne wadanda yankuna da suke da manyan adibas na dutse da yashi, amma a Jamus sun yi tsanani matsaloli. Musamman talakawa a cikin wannan girmamawa sun arewacin yankunan, wanda buga irin wannan abu a matsayin "tubali gothic".

An halin da gina gine-gine monumental sanya bulo. Wannan abu ba zai iya ba don ƙirƙirar irin wannan m gine-gine, wanda suke a gani na Gothic style, amma duk sauran sigogi ne Mafi m tare da so Trend.

Model tubali Gothic iya zama, misali, Church of St. Nicholas. Abin sha'awa, a yankuna inda gini da ake amfani da tubali, Gothic gine-gine suna goyon bayan da ma'aikatar magajin gari, guild gidaje da kuma ko da gidaje.

Cologne Cathedral

By lokacin flowering na Gothic gine a Jamus sun hada da gine-gine na Cologne Cathedral. Construction fara a tsakiyar watan goma sha uku karni, ya ƙare ne kawai bayan shẽkara ɗari. Wannan ginin ya zama babban alama ce ta kasa, hada da gaskiya Jamus da Faransa Gothic. Marubucin na da grandiose aikin da aka Gerard von Rila, wanda ya yi aiki a kan shi fiye da shekaru biyu. The m yanke shawarar gina wani babban coci a shafin na wani tsoho haikali na Roman zamanin, ta amfani da tushe. By lokacin mutuwarsa, wani talented artist gudanar a ga wani bangare na babban coci, wanda ya tsaya a wani wanda ba a kare form har cikin tsakiyar karni na sha tara.

Kammala shiri m Ernst Friedrich Zwirner, ya dauki matsayin dalilin da daftarin na da wanda ya riga, amma ya maye gurbin m kayan for sababbi. A sakamakon haka, mazauna birnin bayyana a gaban majalisar, wanda yana da biyu marmari hasumiyai a kan mutum ɗari da hamsin mita, da kuma wani tushe a cikin tamanin da shida kamu.

Duk da cewa da Cologne Cathedral ba za a iya gaba daya dangana ga Gothic gine-gine, shi ne har yanzu dauke mafi shahararren tarihi na ta jiki a cikin tarihi na Jamus.

Gothic goma sha huɗu karni

Za mu iya cewa ta tsakiyar karni na sha hudu, mafi monumental Tsarin cewa kama da tunanin Sahaban, an riga an gina. A birane da kananan ƙauyuka fara bayyana mabanbanta gini a Gothic style.

Zane a kan kwarewa da karni biyu, sana'a fara gina jama'a wurare da kuma gidajensu domin manufar m 'yan ƙasa. A matsayin al'adu na zuriyar gaji ma'aikatar magajin gari, da birnin zauren da guild gidan.

A lokacin, masu yawa daga cikinsu gidajen tarihi, da daukan hotuna na da suke da babban sha'awa ga masu yawon shakatawa daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Renaissance gine a Jamus

By farkon karni na sha biyar, kasar ya shiga wani yanayi na yankin fragmentation. A babbar yawan mulkoki kulla doguwar yaki, wanda tsanani hana cin gaban sabon tsarin gine-gine style.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne halayyar da lokaci daga goma sha biyar zuwa goma sha bakwai karni. A wannan lokaci, bayyanannu, kuma m rabbai an maye gurbinsu da wani yawa na ado da wasu kwaikwayo na tsufa. A Tarurrukan aka tare da ci gaban da sababbin hanyoyin fasaha da cewa yin shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da wasu kayayyakin.

Ga wani bai epoch ne halin da yi na kulle, saboda a yanayi na amfani da makamai rikici da wuya a ci gaba da yi na wani abu monumental.

Renaissance gine ya ba da duniya da gidãjen a Dresden, City Hall a Leipzig, da coci na St Michael da kuma wasu gine-gine.

A 'yan kalmomi a ƙarshe

Muna tunanin cewa a fili yake daga wannan labarin yadda a fili a cikin gine na daban-daban lokaci ya bi sawun tarihin kasar. Mutane da yawa yawon bude ido ce cewa Jamus za a iya karatu a kan tsarinta, wanda kowannensu yana da wani muhimmanci da al'adu tunawa.