Gona - dabarun hanya na jihar

Aikin gona ƙasashe (SKHN) su ne tushen domin samar da asali foodstuffs, dabba ciyarwarka da kuma albarkatun kasa domin wasu masana'antu. Saboda ana kafa musamman gwamnatin na amfani, don tabbatar da kare, kyautata na haihuwa, kazalika da hana su janye daga wurare dabam dabam.

Nau'in SKHN ƙasar

Bangguo a cikin Land Code na Rasha Federation da dokar tarayya "A aikin gona Land ma'amala" № 101-FZ allocates wani ɓangare na yankuna yi nufi ga aikin noma, da wadannan iri ƙasar:

1. aikin gona ƙasar - a ƙasar high darajar, tare da fifiko ga jihar da kuma batun musamman kariya. Su ne a wajen domin samar da asali foodstuffs. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wadannan yankuna emit sosai muhimmanci da kuma m yankunan, da samar da ƙarin tsaro.

2. Non-m (da bauta e) ƙasar - ƙasar a farfajiya na waxanda suke da abubuwa (na halitta da kuma wucin gadi) a yi amfani da aikin noma, da kuma abun ciki na kewaye ƙasar.

Haka kuma, SKHN rabo iya zama mai sauki, ko hadaddun. A cikin farko idan, sun an hada da daya irin na yankunan, wanda zai iya zama daidai ko ba uniform inganci da amfani. A hadaddun, bi da bi, an hada da duka biyu m da kuma na "hidima" ƙasar a cikin wani daban-daban kashi.

A cewar {Land Asusun, yankin na gona a Rasha ne 195,6 kadada miliyan, da kuma yankin zuwa sabis SKHN ƙasar - 207,6 kadada miliyan.

A ra'ayi na gona

Bisa ga "List of Land da kuma lissafin terminology," da yarda da Ma'aikatar Gona da Tarayyar Soviet 21.07.1970 birni, aikin gona ƙasar - wannan ƙasa da ake amfani da noma, a matsayin babban hanyar samar: arable ƙasar, fallow, perennial shuke-shuke (ba tare da gandun daji area), grasslands kuma makiyaya (babu deer). Su ne wajen samar da kuma wadanda ba uniform a cikin tsari, da quality, kuma murabba'ai.

Wannan kalma nuna halaye na aikin da yin amfani da yankin saboda da na halitta Properties (gona, taimako) da kuma gaban a kan shi na albarkatun da ake bukata domin gudanar da wasu iri ayyukan. Amfani da wannan lokaci, bayyana da shari'a tsarin mulki na musamman shafukan.

Tsari da kuma ƙasashe SKHN

A Art. 79 LC RF fayyace tsarin da m ƙasar (arable, hay, makiyaya, perennial shuke-shuke). A cikin Littãfin lambar 104 na Tarayya Jihar Statistics Service 20.12.2007 (sakin layi 41) da kuma yawan 95 daga 30.11.2005 (sakin layi 12.5-12.1 1) Wadannan kayan abinci da aka yi:

1. Plowland - a ƙasar noma, wanda a tsare sarrafa da kuma amfani karkashin abinci amfanin gona (hatsi, kayan lambu, man shuke-shuke, perennial ciyawa da sauransu.), Kazalika da na jeri na greenhouses (hothouses, greenhouses) da kuma biyu. A karshen sun hada da:

• Net (baki) - yanki nome a cikin fall na bara domin hunturu amfanin gona wannan shekara.
• Rocker - wuraren vysokostebelkovye shuka amfanin gona don tsare snow a cikin hunturu da kuma yaki da ƙasa yashewa.
• Green taki - sown yankin tare da legumes, wanda za a kara sarrafa a cikin kore taki.

2. Haymaking - m ƙasar, a tsare amfani ga haymaking (blank forage ciyawa).

3. dabbõbin - wani yanki a kan wanda kullum waje kiwo (makiyaya) dabbobi.

4. Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana - ƙasa shagaltar da wucin gadi plantings na shrubs, 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye, tsara don samar da wani amfanin gona na' ya'yan itatuwa, berries, ganye da kuma fasaha kayayyakin.

A yi, rarrabe waɗannan iri ƙasar kamar yadda fallow. Wannan gona baya amfani ga arable ƙasar amma ba da masara bar kan shekara 1 da kuma ba shirya a karkashin par.

Sau da yawa kuma samarwa yi jerin manufar "m ƙasashe" - yankunan SKHN m ga al'ada noma ko bukata dawo (Saline, gishiri licks, eroded, stony ƙasar, da dai sauransu ..). Kuma fannin noma ƙasar za a iya fassara m a sakamakon halitta dalilai (yashewa, landslides, waterlogging da dai sauransu), Human ayyuka (overuse) ko mutum ya bala'i.

Ra'ayi da kuma iri daban-daban wadanda ba m ƙasar

Non-gona - da wannan ƙasa, da farfajiya wadda shi ne tushen (tushen) da makwanci da wasu wuraren noma (sabis yankunan, kariya da sauransu.).

Siffofin da irin wannan filaye da aka jera a Art. 77 LC RF. Jerin ya hada da:

1. Lands shagaltar da itatuwa da kuma shrubs, dole ka kare ƙasar daga m events. A lokaci guda dasa ba su shafi gandun daji da albarkatun da ake da cikakken mallakar da mai shi, wanda na iya jefa su a da hankali (sabon). A cewar {Land Asusun, yanki da kuma ƙasa tare da woody shrub dasa m irin ne 19 kadada miliyan.

2. Land located a kan su rufe tafkunan. By karshen ake nufi tafkunan, dausayi (ba fadama) kuma shayar aiki, wanda bisa h. 2 tbsp. 8 na Ruwa Code na Rasha Federation, ba su bayyana dukiya. Kamar yadda na 2016 da yankin na ƙasar ƙarƙashin rufe jikinsu na ruwa ya kai miliyan 13 kadada.

3. Duniya, shafe ciki da hanyoyi da sadarwa don aikin noma (reclamation tsarin, ban ruwa shambura, da dai sauransu ..). Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a karkashin hanyoyi nufin hanyoyi a kauyuka (mara izini, samonakatannye) en da ruts, ba su kasance a cikin Rasha Federation, yankin ko Municipality. Land ga hanyoyi cikin Rasha zauna wani yanki na 2.3 kadada miliyan.

4. mãkircin tare da gine-gine da kuma wuraren amfani ga aiki (primary), samarwa da kuma ajiya na kayayyakin gona (Mills, warehouses, da kuma sauran kiwo tafiyarwa.).

Non-gona ne a kumshin abu, inda ƙasar ne babban abu, da kuma da dama daga abubuwa - na'urorin haɗi.

Aikin gona ƙasar a matsayin abu

Sau da yawa da ƙasa a cikin dokokin da aka gani a matsayin mai zaman kanta abu na dukiya, da mutuncinsu, ko ake amfani da matsayin dangantawa ga dukiya. Alal misali, Art. 58 Land Code na Rasha Federation yayi magana akan ƙasar noma, reindeer makiyaya, wanda suke a cikin dũkiyar jama'a ko kungiyoyi, kuma a Sec. 2, Art. 4 Attaura № 101-FZ "kasa" ya sauya manufar "ƙasar".

Duk da haka, wannan canzawa ne fundamentally ba daidai ba, kuma ko da hatsari ga ilimin kididdiga lissafi SKHN yankunan ƙasar a Rasha da kuma tabbatar da dalilin da sifa. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa "kasa" ba mutum iyakokin da ba a hada a jihar cadastre matsayin mai zaman kanta abu. A cikin yakin yawa (sale, haya, da dai sauransu). Yana iya shiga kawai a cikin takamaiman wuri.

Taƙaitawa a jama'a wurare dabam dabam yankunan SKHN

Yawa SKHN mãkirci za'ayi bisa ga dokoki na yakin da ƙasar dokokin da la'akari da data kasance gazawa. A karshen tana nufin haramta kafa da PPA ko sharadi da takura da dama da kambun a kan aiwatar da ikon mallakar ko ƙaddarãwar ƙasar SKHN.

Tarayya Dokar № 101-FZ azurta da wadannan hani:

1. Haramcin kasashen waje (mutane, kamfanoni da kasashen waje hallara a fiye da 50%) don saya m ƙasar. A wannan yanayin, ƙasar haya a Unlimited yawa ba za a iya haramta.

2. A rashin iyawa don canja manufa makõma ba tare da filaye wajabta doka ta. A amfani da noma ƙasa, bã da manufar gudanar da dacewa da ayyukan da aka ba izini.

3. tsayar da size iyaka ƙasar SKHN cewa za a iya mallakar mutum daya ko kungiyar. Specific Manuniya an ƙaddara a kan matakin da yankin jere daga 10% zuwa 90% na jimlar yanki na ƙasar a cikin wani musamman Municipality.

4. The dama na fifiko da kuma batun Gudanarwa gundumar domin sayan SKHN site idan akwai ta sayarwa ba ce.

Taƙaitawa a wurare dabam dabam saboda gaskiyar cewa m yankunan su ne dabarun abubuwa, na tabbatar da ganin abinci tsaro na kasar. Cikas ga free wurare dabam dabam na ƙasar ne a cikin dokar kusan dukkan kasashen, da kuma a Rasha suna quite taushi. Alal misali, a Denmark da kungiyar yana da wani hakki a saya ko hayan ƙasar, kuma fuska da jiki da buyers dole ne sun rayu a kalla 8 shekaru a yankunan karkara.