Gnedich mawãƙi Nikolai Ivanovich: biography, kerawa da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - mawãƙi kuma marubuci, wanda ya rayu a cikin kasar a nuna na 18-19 karnoni. Mafi san shi da fassarar a cikin Rasha na Homer ta "Iliad", wannan zabin ya zama wani tunani a saboda Hakika. Game da rai da rabo daga cikin mawãƙi ta aiki, za mu tattauna a daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin.

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich: A Biography. yara

A nan gaba marubuci da aka haife shi a Poltava, Fabrairu 2, 1784. Mahaifansa biyu zo daga wani tsohon daraja iyalai, kusan matalauta da lokaci. Little Nicholas rasa mahaifiyarsa, sa'an nan ya kusan rasa ransa - smallpox a cikin waɗannan kwanaki ya da wani mummunan cuta. Wannan cuta haƙõra fuska Gnedich kuma yaye masa idanunsa.

A 1793, da yaron da aka aika zuwa karatu a cikin Poltava tauhidin Seminary. Bayan shekaru biyar, da makaranta da aka yanke shawarar komawa tare da dalibai a Novomyrhorod daga Poltava. Amma Ivan Petrovich, uban Gnedich, ya ɗauki ɗansa daga makaranta da kuma aika zuwa ga Kharkiv Collegium. A waɗannan shekaru, wannan ma'aikata da aka dauke mafi babbar Ukrainian makaranta. Collegium gaba mawãƙi kammala a 1800, sai ya koma dindindin zama a Moscow.

Ga shi tare da wani tsohon abokina Alexei Yunoshevskim dauki Gymnasium na Moscow University kamar yadda boarders. Amma a cikin 'yan watanni, kamar yadda yaron da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga dalibi a Faculty of Falsafa, wanda ya sauke karatu daga cikin 1802 da m shekara.

na farko bazawa

A cikin jami'a shekaru Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich ya zama m tare da mambobi ne na Friendly Literary Society, wanda hada A. Turgenev, Alexander Merzlyakov, A. Kaisarov. Kamar yadda mawãƙi ya abokai tare da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, N. Sandunova. A waɗannan shekaru, saurayin ne sha'awar tiranoborcheskimi ideas, yaba Schiller.

1802 aka alama na farko Gnedich farin ciki lokaci - a karon farko a translation da aka buga. Shi ne mai bala'i, "Abyufar", rubuta ta Faransa Jean Dyusisom. A lokaci guda, haske An wallafa a gare asali aiki na marubuci - labari "Maurice, ko wanda aka azabtar da fansa." A shekara daga baya, akwai kawai biyu translation Schiller - labari "Don Corrado de Guerrero" da kuma bala'i "hada baki Fiesco."

Amma da kudi, duk da cewa shi fara bugu, shi ne har yanzu bai isa ba, don haka shirya ci gaba da karatu da barin. A 1802, da mawãƙi koma St. Petersburg. Ga ya samun hukuma a cikin Jama'a Ilimi Department. Wannan wuri Gnedich zai rike har 1817.

All kayayyakin lokaci marubuci ba darussa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wallafe-wallafe. A wannan filin sai ya samu babba nasara, da kuma kuma sanya idon sani na Pushkin, Krylov, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin da wasu nan gaba Decembrists.

ofishin

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich sauri tsiwirwirinsu notoriety wani babban waƙen da kuma fassara. Wannan daraja bude a gaban shi a gida, da kuma da yawa high-ranking manya na St. Petersburg, ciki har da Stroganov da Olenin. Godiya ga angarorin na mutane da marubuci a shekarar 1811, ya zama memba na Academy, sa'an nan aka nada leburare na mallaka Jama'a Library, inda ya shugabanci sashen na Greek wallafe-wallafe.

Ba da da ewa Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich kusa abokai da venison. Suna sõyayya da wani aikin gayya a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma tarihin duniya. Wannan ƙwarai canza abu da kuma hukuma matsayi na mawãƙi ne.

Mafi yawa daga duk a cikin wadannan shekaru da marubuci ya sarrafa lokaci zuwa aiki a library. By 1819 shi ne duk wani kasida littattafai, wanda suke zaune a sashen, kuma ya rubuta su a wani musamman sanarwa. Bugu da kari, Gnedich m magana a kan library collections.

littafin tarin

A rayuwa, ta kasance butulci da kuma ingenuous Gnedich NI biography na marubuci ya ce masa kawai so ya adabi da kuma littattafai. A farko taimake shi don samun muƙamin na Academician da daraja na jihar majalisar. Amma ga littattafai, da Gnedich tattara ya na sirri tarin kamar 1.250 rare da kuma wani lokacin musamman kundin. Bayan mutuwar mawãƙi, su duka koma Poltava dakin motsa jiki wasiyya. Bayan da juyin juya halin, littattafan sun kasance a cikin library na Poltava, sa'an nan kuma wasu daga cikinsu suka koma Kharkov.

A 1826 Gnedich aka bayar da lakabi na m Member na St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Rayuwa fassara ayyukan Voltaire, Schiller, Shakespeare.

Rashin lafiya da kuma mutuwa

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - mawãƙi kyau da kuma wajaba mai daraja ko da ya Sahaban. Amma ba kome a rayuwa don haka Rosy. Cututtuka, wanda ya fara a matsayin wani yaro, bai bar masa. A marubuci tafi sau da dama da za a bi a cikin Caucasus, shahara ga ma'adinai ruwaye. Amma yana taimaka kawai har a wani lõkaci. Kuma a cikin 1830, cututtuka tsananta tare da sabon karfi, kuma haɗa kai da su tukuna, da kuma ciwon makogwaro. Jiyya a Moscow wucin gadi ma'adinai ruwa ya ɓãci. Duk da jihar na kiwon lafiya, a 1832 da mawãƙi ya iya shirya da kuma buga tarin "Poems".

A 1833 da marubuci yana da mura. Raunana jiki ba zai iya tsayayya da sabuwar cuta, da kuma Fabrairu 3, 1833 da mawãƙi mutu yana da shekaru 49 da shekaru. A wannan taƙaitaccen biography ƙare. Gnedich Nicholas aka binne shi a St. Petersburg Tikhvin hurumi. A karshe tafiya tare Pushkin, Krylov, Vyazemsky, Olenin, Pletnev da sauran manyan wallafe-wallafen Figures na lokaci.

halittar

A zuciya na lyrics marubuci ya kasance kullum da ra'ayin kasa. Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich ya nema ya nuna manufa da jitu da kuma aiki hakkin. Ya gwarzo ne ko da yaushe cike da so da kuma 'yanci. Wannan shi ne abin da ya sa irin wannan babban sha'awa ga mawãƙi Shakespeare, Ossian da tsoho art a general.

Homer ta haruffa da jũna Gnedich misalta da jaruntakar mutane da patriarchal daidaici. Ya fi shahara aikin ya zama "masunta", a cikin abin da marubuci ya koma Rasha almara da Homeric style. Ba abin mamaki da wannan idyll an dauki mafi kyau asali halittar Gnedich. Ko Pushkin, a wani Nisan zuwa ga "Evgeniyu Oneginu" nakalto kirtani na wannan samfurin, musamman bayanin Petersburg fari dare da rana.

Daga cikin ayyukan da marubuci ne don samar da wadannan:

• "Beauty of Ossian."
• "Dakunan kwanan dalibai".
• "Peru zuwa Clemente."
• "Don a Friend".
• "A cikin kabarin mahaifiyarsa."

"Iliad"

A 1807, sai ya riƙi translation na "Iliad" Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. A waqe da aka rubuta a hexameters, wanda ya kusa da asali. Bugu da kari, shi ne na farko da Rasha ayar fassarar Homer. The aikin dade fiye da shekaru 20, da kuma a 1829 da cikakken fassarar da aka buga. Labor ya mai girma zamantakewa da al'adu da kuma poetic darajar. Pushkin kira shi "high feat."

The sosai ra'ayin na fassara zo zuwa Gnedich ko da a farkon yara, a lokacin da ya fara karanta ayyukan Homer. Kafin shi, wannan da aka yi ta da yawa shahararrun marubuta, ciki har da Lomonosov Trediakovskii. Amma babu yunkurin da aka m. Wannan Jihar harkokin Ya bã canja wurin Gnedich fi nauyi da kuma muhimmanci.

ban sha'awa facts

Na zauna a kyawawan ban mamaki rayuwa Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. Brief biography na marubuci iya hada kawai na ban sha'awa events cewa ya faru da shi:

• Olenin da zarar ya gabatar Gnedich matsayin shahara da kyau kwarai fassara a cikin gyaran gashi na Grand Duchess Catherine kuma Empress Maria Feodorovna. Saba da regal ya zama hukunci ga mawãƙi ne. Godiya ga ta taimaka da marubuci da aka sanya a rayuwar fensho, har ba ya iya duƙufa dukan lokaci zuwa translation "Iliad."
• Gnedich ne farkon wanda ya fara buga kasidu har yanzu matasa da kuma ba a sani ba Pushkin.
• A marubuci aka bayar biyu lambar yabo ga wallafe-wallafen aiki - Vladimir IV digiri da kuma Anna II digiri.

Yau, kowane schoolchild sani da wanda ya Nicholas Gnedich da kuma gudunmawar ya yi da Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Duk da haka, sunansa ne kiyaye ta ƙarni, da kuma "Iliad" translation har yanzu a matsayin unbeatable.