The waka "Black mutumin" Yesenin. Analysis na ƙarni na rai

A cikin Janairu fitowar da mujallar "New World" a 1926, akwai wani mai ban mamaki Bazawa: "S. Yesenin. "Black mutum". A rubutu na waka ta fito da wani musamman karfi ra'ayi a kan bango na kwanan nan ban tausayi mutuwa daga cikin matasa mawãƙi (kamar yadda ka sani, Disamba 28, 1925 Esenina samu "Angleterre" matattu a Birnin Leningrad, hotel). Ya Sahaban dauke da wannan aiki irin na penitential ikirari "scandalous mawãƙi ne." Lalle ne, wannan wata tausayi da azãba mai kai-la'anta, kamar yadda a cikin wannan aiki, bai san Rasha lira. Muka gabatar a nan a takaice dai abun ciki.

"Black mutumin": Yesenin da kaina

The waka yana buɗewa magani da maimaita a wani mutuwa mawãƙi ta waka: "Aboki, abokina, - ya fara furta lyrical gwarzo - Ina sosai, rashin lafiya ...". Mun fahimci cewa muna magana ne game da tabuwar kwakwalwa. Ma'ana misãli: shugaban ne idan aka kwatanta da wani tsuntsu wanda yake neman tashi, "ƙwaurinta kusa wuyansa / iya tsayawa ba to loom ya fi girma." Abin da ya faru? A lokacin azabtar da rashin barci da gwarzo zo da zaune saukar a kan gado sufi baki mutumin. Yesenin (kafofin bincike ya tabbatar da halittar waka) Rokon a wani mataki da samfurin Pushkina "Mozart da Salieri". Great mawaki kuma ga wasu ominous baki mutumin a kan Hauwa'u na halaka su. Duk da haka, wannan adadi Esenina fassara quite daban. Black mutum - wannan canza son kai na mawãƙi, ɗayan daga "I". Abin da ciwo lyrical bad baki mutum?

Yesenin: bincike na ciki duniya da mawãƙi a kan Hauwa'u na kunar bakin wake

A cikin uku stanza na waka akwai wani image na littafin, a cikin abin da duk mutum rayuwa da aka gabatar a babban daki-daki. A cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki, a cikin littafin Ru'ya ta Yohanna ya ce karanta Littafin Rai, Allah Ya yi hukunci kowane mutum bisa ga ayyukansa. Haruffa zuwa Yesenin hannuwa baki mutumin nuna cewa shaidan ne a hankali wadannan makomar mutane. A cikin rubuce-rubucen, ko da yake ba fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa labarin da mutum ba, amma kawai a takaice. Black mutum (Yesenin jaddada wannan) ya zaɓi dukan unsightly da kuma mugunta. Ya yayi Magana game da "scoundrel da profligate" adventurers "mafi girman daraja", da "dadi mawãƙi" tare da "uhvatistoy da karfi." Ya bayar da hujjar cewa farin ciki - shi ne kawai "sleight na hankali da hannu", albeit kawo "yawa azabar ... karya / ƙarya da ishãra." Yana da daraja ambata fangled ka'idar, ci gaba a cikin decadent da'ira na farkon karni na 20th, da musamman manufa na ãyã harshen, wanda ya kasance mai taimako Yesenin, da kuma "sarauniya" wanda aka yi wata babbar dancer Aysedora Dunkan. The aure aka short-rayu da ita da kuma bai kawo albarkatai na mawãƙi ne. "Yana da jũna murmushi da kuma sauki" a wani lokaci a lokacin da zuciya da aka watse baƙin ciki, ya yi ba kawai a kan nufin sa'an nan rinjaye fashion. Kawai a cikin wannan hanya da mawãƙi iya boye daga kansa zuwa duhun rashin bege hade ba kawai tare da ciki sabani da mutum, amma kuma tare da munin Bolshevism a Rasha.

Abin da ya ta'allaka a kasa na rai?

A zama na tara stanza na waka, mun ga yadda lyrical gwarzo ki yarda magana ga kutsawa, har yanzu yana so ya nesanta kanta daga wannan mummunan labarin, wanda shi ne mai baki mutumin. Yesenin bincike na yau da kullum m, kuma birkida "da" halin kirki "dan damfara da barawo" har yanzu ba yarda da nazari na da nasa rai, ya sãɓa wannan. Duk da haka, ko da ya gane cewa a banza. A mawãƙi Zagin da baki bako cewa ya dares to kutsa cikin zurfin da kai wani abu daga kasa, domin shi ne "ba a cikin sabis na ... Vodolazova". Wannan layin da aka polemically directed zuwa samfurin na Faransa mawãƙi Alfred de Musset, wanda "Disamba Nights" yana amfani da siffar wani mai nutsa, yawo a kusa da "rãmi na gushewa." Nau'in wannan tsarin ( "Vodolazova Service") Rokon da morphological ni'ima Mayakovsky cewa shi ne futuristically gabagaɗi, karya da kafa siffofin harshe.

Daya a taga

Hoton na da wani dare Crossroad a cikin goma sha biyu stanza tuni na da Kirista symbolism da gicciye, wanda ya haɗu duk yankuna na sarari da kuma lokaci, kuma yana dauke da wani arna ra'ayin tsaka-tsaki a matsayin wuri marar tsarki ganawarsu da lokatai. Duka wadannan haruffa daga yara tunawa impressionable baƙauye yaro Sergei Yesenin. Verses "black mutumin" gama abokan gaba biyu da hadisai, haddasa tsoro da zafi lyrical Take a duniya tarin zahirin tinge. Shi ne "daya a window ..." The kalmar "taga" ne etymologically alaka da Rasha harshen da kalmar "ido". Wannan ido na bukka ta hanyar abin da haske pours a cikin shi. Dare taga kama wani madubi a cikin abin da kowane gani nasa tunani. Saboda haka da waka shi ne akwai wani ambato kamar yadda ya ke shi ne ainihin cikin baki mutumin. Yanzu izgili dare bako samun wani more musamman connotation: shi ne game da mawãƙi, da aka haife "iya, a Ryazan '(Yesenin aka haife akwai), wani m baƙauye yaro" blue idanu "...

biyu Kisa

Iya ƙunsar da fushi da fushi, da lyrical gwarzo ne kokarin halaka la'ananniyar takwaransa, ya jefa masa kara. Wannan karimcin - jħfa, a wani layi mafarkin up wani abu - ba kawai a samu a cikin adabi na Rasha da kuma kasashen waje mawallafa. Bayan wannan baki mutumin vuya. Yesenin (analysis na da kamã da jũna biyu kisan kai a duniya adabi ya tabbatar da shi) kamar yadda idan kokarin kare kansu daga bin su da wasu "I". Amma akwai ko da yaushe a karshe hade tare da kashe kansa.

Mawãƙi, a tsaye kadai a gaban wani karye madubi, ya bayyana a karshe stanza na aiki. A symbolism madubi a matsayin jagora zuwa wasu halittu cewa kai mutane daga gaskiya a cikin m demonic duniya, da kara habaka duhu da kuma m karshe waka.

Requiem ga bege

Yana da wuya, kusan yiwu ba, don haka bulala kansu a gaban wata babbar masu sauraro, kamar yadda shi ya sa Yesenin. Ya m gaskiya tare da wanda ya bude duniya da zafi, ku hurta nuna canji na zuciya duk Sahaban Esenina. Ba da gangan marubuci wanda ya san da mawãƙi Benjamin Levin ce na Black mutumin a matsayin nazari akai majistare "a lokuta da mu tsara," Pete ke mai yawa "kyakkyawan tunani da tsare-tsaren." Levin ce cewa a cikin wannan ma'ana, son rai kaya Esenina wani abu mai kama da hadayar Kristi, wanda shine "kai tawaya" kuma dauki a kan duk mutum "cuta."