Furfure - me ke cewa irin aiki? Rassan da amfanin gona samar

Fiye da kashi biyu cikin uku na yawan jama'ar duniya cinye kayayyakin samar da masana'antu ta manyan noma - amfanin gona. Wannan shi ne - a muhimman hakkokin Dalili na duniya noma. La'akari da tsarin da kuma magana game da nasarori da kuma al'amurra na ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya.

amfanin gona masana'antu

A Flora ne bambancin, saboda haka da irin wannan tattalin arziki, ta yalwaci yankunan da yawa. Babban wadanda su ne samar da:

• hatsi.

• dankali da kuma tubers.

• masana'antu amfanin gona ba;

• kayan lambu da kuma melons.

• 'ya'yan itace da inabi.

• feed.

Ka yi la'akari da halaye na kowane daga cikin wadannan yankunan.

hatsi samarwa

hatsi namo bautar da babbar rabo na duniya da samar da kayayyakin gona. Amfanin gona na duniya ba za a iya tunanin ba tare da wannan cibiya kashi. Hatsi da amfanin gona a kan talakawan zauna fiye da rabin duniya arable ƙasar, da kuma a wasu kasashe - kusan duk amfanin gona yankin. Yana da wadannan al'adu samar da tushen abinci mai gina jiki da jama'ar na kowace kasa, kazalika da wani gagarumin rabo daga cikin abinci a dabba husbandry.

Hatsi da hidima a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin mutane da yawa masana'antu. Duniya hatsi samarwa ya kai biliyan 2 tan a kowace shekara, da kuma 1,6 ya kai tan biliyan na jimlar girma shagaltar da alkama, da shinkafa da masara. Bari mu magana game da babban al'adu na wannan kungiya.

alkama

The shugaba a duniya girma hatsi alkama. A 'yan qasar Larabawa steppes, shi da aka sani ga da shida shekara dubu, kuma a cikin zamani duniya ya zama mai kauri harsashin ginin wannan masana'antu a matsayin wani amfanin gona. Yana ba za a iya overemphasized. Ta hanyar kokarin shayarwa saki irin alkama girma a duniya a yau. Babbar ƙasar ba bisa ga arable ƙasar, located in Northern Hemisphere, kadan karami a size - a cikin ta Kudu. Fāɗin duniya gane duniya yankuna a kan namo na alkama - Amirka tuddanta, a haɗa da arewa da Canada steppes, arable ƙasar a Argentina, Rasha, Sin da sauran kasashe da kuma nahiyoyi. The most alkama kaya ne Amurka a yau, Australia, Canada.

shinkafa

A na biyu wuri cikin sharuddan amfanin gona ne shinkafa, da matsakaitan mai girma a wani bangare na al'ummar duniya, mafi yawa daga kasashen Asiya. Rice - mai kyau tushe don gari, sitaci, barasa, sharar gida na wadannan productions gaba da abincin dabbobi da abincin sojoji. Malaman tarihi sun rubuta cewa mutane suka fara noma shinkafa a tsakiya da kuma kudancin yankunan kasar Sin a farkon karni BC. e. Namo wannan amfanin gona - musamman amfanin gona da fasaha, da kuma watakila shi ne kawai a zafi da kuma gumi canjin yanayin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa babban yankunan m shinkafa namo da aka mayar da hankali a kudancin Amirka, da kuma Kudu maso Gabas Asia, bada har zuwa 90% na duniya girbi. A undisputed jagora a cikin tarin shinkafa ne kasar Sin. Major kera ne Thailand, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Japan.

masara

A amfani da masara ne sosai m. Ana amfani da a matsayin manyan a Amurka da kuma yammacin Turai kasashe dabbobi fodder amfanin gona. A Afirka, da Asiya, Latin Amurka da kuma kudancin kasashen Turai, shi ne wani abinci amfanin gona. Masara - mai shuka da Mexican asalin, daga inda shi yada a ko'ina cikin duniya. Girma ta mayar da hankali a yau a cikin yankunan da dadi dumi, temperate ko subtropical canjin yanayin. Babban masara samar da yankunan suna sown yankin of America, warwatse a kudu na Great Lakes. Aika ta Amurka, Canada, Brazil, Argentina da kuma Australia.

Tuberous da dankali

A mafi tartsatsi ne dankalin turawa, tubers - a 'yan qasar na Kudu American ƙasashe, horar da a yau a duk temperate zones. Shugabannin a samar da dankalin turawa, Rasha, Amurka, Poland, kasar Sin da India.

A muhimmanci irin rawa da sukari gwoza kuma kara horar da a cikin kasashen na wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropical zones, irin su China da kuma Cuba. Ga wasu kasashe masu tasowa (Jamhuriyar Dominika) irin shuka kayayyakin - shi ne tushen manufofin jama'a. Raya ƙasashe ba cire fiye da goma na duniya rake.

A wani halin da ake ciki tare da sukari gwoza samar. Its namo yanki - temperate latitudes: tsakiyar band a Turai (EU kasashe mambobin kungiyar da kuma Ukraine, kazalika da Amirka da kuma Kanada). Asian masana'antun - Turkey, kasashen Sin da Iran.

oilseeds

Don kwanan wata, kayan lambu mai samar daga oilseeds, sabõda kashi biyu cikin uku na jimlar adadin mai cinyewa a duniya. Domin oilseeds ne kirki ba, sesame, rapeseed, sunflower, kuma da yawa wasu. The m girma na samar da amfani da kayayyakin da wadannan shuke-shuke a halin yanzu dangantaka da canzawa a cikin abinci na dabba fats shuka a tattalin arziki raya ƙasashe da kuma zumunta samuwan wadannan kayayyakin a kasashe masu tasowa.

Jagoran a samar da soya kayayyakin ne United States, tattara kirki ba - India, girbi na auduga da rapeseed - China.

Kasashe masu tasowa wanda shuka amfanin gona, da ban sha'awa na wannan masana'antu, yanzu da yawa rage fitarwa na man fetur a dangane da halittar kuma da m cin gaban ta masana'antun man fetur. Kuma kada ku sayar albarkatun kasa da kuma kerarre kayayyakin da kansa samar.

Culture, yana da tonic dũkiyarsu da kuma godiya a gare su (shayi, kofi, koko), girma a sosai iyaka yankunan - a wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropical zones. Su namo da aka mayar da hankali a kudancin kasashen Asiya nahiyar, inda wurare masu zafi sauyin yanayi ya sa ya yiwu wa noma amfanin gona. Wannan shi ne Malaysia, India da sauransu.

olericulture

Tare da hatsi, da 'ya'yan itace da kuma kayan lambu amfanin gona fi yawa a cikin tattalin arzikin na kasashen da dama. M size na ƙasar shagaltar da su namo, kusan gasa tare da amfanin gona na hatsi. Lokacin da girma a duniya Trend na amfani da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa da fitarwa da kuma shigowa da ake girma a yau.

A kwari Trend na kudaden shiga ga kasuwannin duniya da wani gwaji rabo daga man fetur, sugary, 'ya'yan itace da tonic amfanin gona daga kasashe masu tasowa ya zauna canzawa.

Non-abinci amfanin gona samar

Na amfanin gona, da ba abinci kasuwar, taka muhimmiyar rawa fiber amfanin gona da kuma roba. Babban fibrous shuka ne auduga, gane jagoranci a samar da abin da aka raba tsakanin kasashen Asiya, kadan kasa girma - jihar Amurka da Afirka nahiyoyi.

Sauran babu kasa m fiber amfanin gona - Rama da jute - su zauna a da yawa karami yankin. Fiye da uku bariki na duniya samar da flax - a Rasha da kuma Belarus, jute girma a Bangladesh. Masana'antun na halitta roba - kudu-maso-gabas Asian nahiyar (Indonesia, Thailand). Domin raya kasashen Asiya ne halin da namo na amfanin gona dauke da alkaloids - taba, opium, Indian hemp. Wadannan suna kafa a lokacin da duniya ta amfanin gona samar da kasuwanci.

Features na Shuka a Rasha

Duk da cewa Rasha - wata kasa tare da wani mai tsanani, tsakaita a mafi yawan yanayi, noma, masana'antu da shi ba aka bari da shugabannin duniya a samar da sukari gwoza, dankali, kayan lambu, hatsi da kuma oilseeds.

Noma ta rufe kusan duk amfanin gona sassa, fãce girma m shuke-shuke kamar koko, kofi, roba itatuwa.

Domestic arable ƙasar sun mayar da hankali a cikin temperate nahiyar latitudes - a cikin tsakiyar yankunan na Volga yankin, da Urals da kuma Yammacin Siberia, kazalika a kudancin yankunan Prikavkazya. Rasha amfanin gona da fasaha ne m da ya hada da samar da duka biyu abinci da kuma masana'antu da kuma fodder amfanin gona. Kuma da hannu a cikin wannan tsari, kusan duk arable ƙasar duk yanayin zones, rufe da ƙasa.

Girma na hatsi a Rasha

Kamar yadda duniya amfanin gona samar, wannan masana'antu a Rasha ne ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da samar da hatsi, da girma da wanda yake shi ne alkama. Sararin yankunan arable ƙasar, m yanayin damina, geographically saba iri da kuma al'adar girma alkama ya yi ba kawai a matsayin dalilin samar da gari, groats kuma m aiki a cikin yin burodi masana'antu, amma kuma da rinjaye tattalin arziki bangaren na cikin gida noma. Yau, Rasha ne a duniya saman uku - alkama kaya. Rasha ta halitta da yanayi na girma duka biyu hunturu da kuma bazara alkama. Da ake samu na hunturu amfanin gona da muhimmanci wuce da bazara, amma wannan ne saboda da yanayi da kuma labarin kasa na ci gaba. Tun da hunturu iri ne mafi m da zafi-auna, sa'an nan kuma girma su, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a yankunan dake yammacin kasar, inda da sauyin yanayi ne milder.

Muhimmanci da kuma na baya alkama cikin sharuddan samar, duk da haka, quite a bit, Culture - sha'ir. Yana bautarka kusan kwata a total hatsin. A matsayin albarkatun kasa domin giya masana'antu da kuma m forage, sha'ir yana kuma mai yawan abũbuwan amfãni - shi ne abin mamaki Hardy, yana da wani short girma kakar, kyale ka ka cire shi mun gwada unscathed.

Hatsi samarwa a Rasha ba a iyakance ga namo alkama da na sha'ir, a matsayin amfanin gona - da masana'antu (wannan ya tabbatar da jihar goyon bayan shirin), rufe yankunan da yawa. Cropland hatsin rai, hatsi, masara, shinkafa, buckwheat da suke baya, a kundin alkama amfanin gona, amma duk da haka amfanin gona yankin da kuma, sabili da haka, ake samu daga wadannan amfanin gona aka hankali ya karu.

A namo tushen amfanin gona da kuma masana'antu albarkatun gona a Rasha

Amma m amfanin gona - shi ne ba kawai hatsi da amfanin gona. M yanki ne shagaltar da dasa dankali, a gargajiyance kunshe a mu rage cin abinci. Amma ya kamata a lura da cewa kasuwanci namo dankali ne har yanzu low, kamar yadda mafi Russia samun mafi girma da ake samu a kan masu zaman kansu na mãkirci.

Wani zahiri m, Multi-manufa da amfanin gona, da girma, yafi a cikin Central Black Duniya yankin - sukari gwoza. Raya shi domin sugar, da sharar gida da kuma sake amfani kayayyakin ne m ƙari a dabba husbandry.

Ba za a iya tunanin sunflower tsaba wanda su ne albarkatun kasa domin kusan duk mai samar da cinyewa a Rasha.
Muhimmanci, amma ba ma dacewa, saboda da halitta fasali na kasar, yankunan - kayan lambu girma da kuma namo melons. A bisa ga al'ada girma beets, kabeji, albasa, tumatir, karas, da dai sauransu A Orenburzhye da ƙananan Volga nasarar girma melons -. Kankana da kuma melons. Amfanin gona samar - ba kawai warware abinci batun, amma kuma da tsaro a kasar, kamar yadda evidenced da yi na jihar goyon baya ga aikin gona da kera.