Features na Rasha ta zamani: farkon karni na 20th. History of Rasha

Na zamani da Rasha a farkon karni XX, watsu duk duniyoyin na rayuwar zamantakewa. Wani wuri ta tafi tare da kadan nasara, amma wani wuri da yawa. Its m yana da nauyi ƙwarai. Fira Ministan kasar Stolypin da aka sani da dama rare magana. Daya daga cikin su ne kawai zai shafi tattalin arzikin kasar. Da zarar a cikin Duma Pyotr Abramovich ya ce da cewa kasar na bukatar shekaru ashirin da m rayuwa, don zama wani shugaban duniya a mafi Manuniya. Abin baƙin ciki, ya fara a shekara ta 1914, yaki ya halakar da waɗanda al'amurra.

Development of Siberia

Muhimman abubuwan da ake bukata na Rasha modernization kunshi a wani taro outflow na aiki yawan jama'a a gabas, undeveloped Siberian ƙasar. A jihar goyon wadannan mutane (kagaggun manoma). Har ila yau, wannan tsari da gudummawar da sabon Siberian railway. Hijira motsi da aka mai tsanani lalace a lokacin Rasha-Japanese War, lokacin da kasar kasance ba har zuwa lumana ci gaban tattalin arziki. Duk da haka, bayan hijirarsa da rikici koma tare da sabon kuzari.

Features na Rasha ta zamani (farkon karni na 20th) ne ga nasarar agrarian garambawul Stolypin da Krivoshein, ta hanyar abin da himma manoma iya saya nasu ingantaccen tattalin arziki, kamar yadda suka mafarkin na taba tun karshen serfdom.

Natsuwa samu gwamnati tallafin da zai zama 400 rubles (size dogara a kan darajar dukiya). The manoma mayar da su cikin na musamman motoci, wanda aka shirya domin gudanar da ubangijinsa kayayyakinsu. A cikin sabon kauyuka da garuruwa shirya ajiya sarari ga hatsi, kiri da shaguna da kuma sauran m kayayyakin more rayuwa. New tattalin arzikin daban-daban daga haihuwa aikace-aikace na modified kayan aikin. The yawan amfanin ƙasa a kan irin wannan wuraren da aka aukaka kuma mafi alhẽri. Siberian manoman halitta a granary kasar. Rarar hatsi tafi sayarwa da kasashen waje.

m sababbin abubuwa

Features na Rasha ta zamani (farkon karni na 20th) a cikin kauye ne har yanzu a cikin haihuwa na da wani tsari m motsi. Ko da kyau manajan ya wuya a samu amfani da wani sabon wuri shi kadai. Saboda haka, ta samar da hadin Makwabta taimaka juna a hali na matsaloli. New umarni kasance yafi tasiri fiye da tsaoho al'ummomi.

A lokacin daga 1906 zuwa shekara ta 1914 a Siberia, bisa ga daban-daban kimomi, shi koma kusan miliyan 3 da 700 da mutane dubu. Kashi biyu cikin uku na su a karshen zauna a cikin sabon mahaifarsa. Siberian Railway, wanda a shekara ta farko da ta aiki ya marasa amfani baki ɗaya, ya fara kawo wani kwari samun kudin shiga saboda bukatar. A kan Hauwa'u na yakin duniya na farko daga gabashin yankuna na kasar kawota 50 ton miliyan hatsi da 5 miliyan fam na man shanu. Aikin gona ƙasar a Yammacin Siberia aka swamped da kuma ƙware, don haka gwamnati ta bayar da adadin da reclamation ƙasar a shekara. A tasiri hulda tsakanin aiki yan ƙasa da kuma jiha ne peculiarity na Rasha ta zamani (farkon karni na 20th).

Rasha a 1913

A ganiya na Rasha tattalin arzikin zo a 1913 (da shi shi ne na karshe da shekarar zaman lafiya tsarist jihar). Saboda haka, shi ne domin lokaci ake magana a kai a matsayin batu na yawan tattalin arzikin da daular mulkinsu.

Inganta rayuwar da kuma yiwuwar kai-ganin shafi alƙaluma da halin da ake ciki. A kan Hauwa'u na yaki da jama'ar na daular kusan miliyan 173. Baƙauye iyalai tare da dozin yara sun na kullum.

A kasar ta kasa samun kudin shiga ya tashi zuwa wani darajar 7% na duniya matakin. Gaba sun kawai Amurka, Jamus, da United Kingdom. A cikin kudi na ci gaban tattalin arziki (wato 7% a kowace shekara), Rasha ya duniya na farko.

Duk da haka, Rasha hakura da wani yammacin shugabannin a irin wannan muhimmanci adadi a matsayin aiki na aiki. Ta kasance kasa da 5 sau. Features na Rasha ta zamani (farkon karni na 20th) ne don hanzarta da taki na girma, wanda nufi da cewa yankunan da yawa kawai ba ci gaba har da irin wannan taka.

Development of Railways

Kamar yadda a karshen cikin XIX karni, girma cibiyar sadarwa na Railways. A 1906 reshe daga Orenburg zuwa Uzbekistan da aka bude. Wannan zai 'yanci da harkokin sufuri na Uzbek auduga high quality zuwa Turai kasuwanni, wanda ya yi wani gagarumin riba,' yan kasuwa da kuma jihar a cikin nau'i na haraji da baitulmalin Haikali. Ko da a cikin shekaru biyu na farko na yaki da muke yi don gina wata hanya a kan Kola Larabawa. Ta tafiya zuwa Murmansk. Shi ne mai muhimmanci yana kokarin kankara-free tashar jiragen ruwa a arewacin kan iyakar kasar. Ta hanyar ci gaba da wadata na albarkatun.

Steam injuna, ƙirƙira by Rasha injiniyoyi a cikin 1910s, ba na baya, kamar yadda American ko Turai takwarorinsu. Mene ne modernization? Mene ne peculiarities na Rasha ta zamani? Wannan, ba shakka, da m girma na sufuri. Kowace shekara, su karu da 8%. Zamani ya kai ga cewa a Petrograd ya bayyana da farko wutan lantarki Railway sashe. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa kafa kasar baya. Mutane da yawa daga cikin ci gaba na Sarkin ga tattalin arzikin da aka manta ko musamman share daga cikin taro sani na} o} arin na Soviet dakatar.

bigiren sadarwa

All lokaci na Rasha zamani, wanda suka faru har zuwa XX karni, bai kai ga irin wannan m girma da kuma ci gaba a duk duniyoyin rayuwa. Wannan a fili gani a kan ci gaba a fagen harkokin sadarwa da sabis. A masana'antu Enterprises, hukumomin gwamnati, jaridu, mail da sauransu. E. Akwai sabon na'urorin. A 1910, fadin kasar ta aika miliyan 200 telegrams. Yawan abubuwa na mail ya kai biliyan biyu.

Mene ne modernization? Mene ne peculiarities na Rasha ta zamani? Ta ya kamata ya sadu da bukatun al'umma. A cikin ãyõyin bangaren kasar ya fuskanci tare da key fasalin - wata babbar ƙasa. Saboda da manyan yanki na Rasha iya ba da cikakken samar da kanta tare da duk abin da ya cancanta na sauri da kuma sauki sadarwa a tsakanin mutane. A misali na yaki da Japan, a lokacin da shiryayye ga makonni samun zuwa gaban a cikin Far East, wanda ya fi m sakamakon.

Irin su ne mutane da yawa fasali na Rasha ta zamani. Tebur nuna da key na ta da bambance-bambance.

sassa na tattalin arzikin

Domestic fasali na masana'antu na zamani sun ga devyatiprotsentnom girma a mafi yawan wurare na tattalin arzikin kasar. A cikin shekaru biyar da shekaru, da m rayuwa na daular da yawan kamfanonin na daban-daban shirin karu da wani na uku.

Ga wasu daga cikin Manuniya. A lokacin daga 1893 zuwa 1913 da smelting na baƙin ƙarfe ne da karfe girma da sau 13, ci hako ma'adinai - by 4 sau, Central Asia auduga aiki - .. 7 sau, kuma haka a kan an kafa mafi muhimmanci da kuma alamar sassa na tattalin arziki. A da yadi, da itace, da abinci, da kuma metallurgy masana'antu. Wadannan yankunan mun kawo mafi girma riba.

A Rasha a farkon karni na ashirin, a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci da barasa samar mafi (kawai cinyewa a kasuwannin cikin gida), sukari da kuma gari (fitar dashi).

ci gaban yankunan

A Turai na Rasha sun fiye da 90% na Enterprises a kasar. Babban mai tsakiyar yankin, wanda ya hada Moscow, Yaroslavl, Tver, Kostroma da Nizhny Novgorod lardin. Har ila yau, ci gaba cikin sauri, kuma Siberia. A shekara ta 1914, wani muhimmin ci gaban da Kuznetsk ci tasa fara a Tomsk lardin.

sabon yankin da aka kafa saboda da ci gaban tattalin arziki. A da Altai lardin, wanda ci gaba cikin sauri Novosibirsk, ya bayyana a Trans-Siberian Railway.

Monopolies da cinikayya

By farkon na yaki a kasar, akwai game da ɗari biyu na babban monopolies. Sun riƙi wurin a sassa kamar harkar banki da kuma manyan masana'antu.

Harkokin waje da kuma cinikayyar cikin gida ja a mutane miliyan biyu. Babban abokan na Rasha a kasuwar kasa da kasa sun Ingila da kuma Jamus. Abin lura shi ne cewa kasar fitar dashi kayayyakin abinci. A daidai wannan lokaci, ko da yake Baku man filin, kasar ba su da isasshen man fetur saboda da kaifi girma na masana'antu da kuma ta bukatun.

Sanannun Faransa tattalin arziki Thierry E. kidaya kafin yaki, cewa idan ba a juyin juya halin, sa'an nan zuwa tsakiyar karni XX Rasha zai zama duniya ta tattalin arziki da shugaban. A karshe shekaru na daular mulkinsu da shi shi ne ci gaban da agro-masana'antu kasar.