Exogenous - ne canji da zai shafi na ciki canji. macroeconomic model

A wani kokarin haifar da wani hoto na tattalin arziki gaskiya, masana fara amfani da Sauki ka'idar. A wani hanya, aka kira su macroeconomic model. A karkashin wannan ra'ayi ya kamata a fahimci siffar kwatanta matakai da kuma mamaki a sami wani kusa dangane therebetween.

The darajar macroeconomic model

Su ne wani m gani na real m hoto. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa a cikin shakka daga cikin bincike ba shi yiwuwa a kai tsaye la'akari da bambancin da akwai sassa.

Saboda haka, babu daya model ba za a iya kira kammalalle, da cikakken. Yana ba samar da guda daidai martani directed wasu jihohi a wani lokaci tazara.

Duk da haka, tare da taimakon Gwamnatoci model da ikon zuwa:

• Nazari da irin wannan Macro-da tattalin arziki matakai da mamaki kamar yadda hauhawar farashin kaya, da rashin aikin yi, da sha'awa rates, musayar rates da yafi.
• Make kintace na macroeconomic matakai da mamaki.
• Samar da mafita ga matsalolin da zabin.

A amfani da macroeconomic model damar ganiya hade da kida na monetary, kasafin kudi, monetary da cinikayya da manufofin. Wannan shi ne zama dole domin ya santsi daga cikin kasuwanci sake zagayowar da mu jimre wa crises.

iri-iri model

Dangane da abin da irin matsalolin da ake bincika, ta amfani da daban-daban na model. A rarrabuwa dogara ne a kan da dama sharudda:

• By Hanyar gabatar da gwajin tsari ko sabon abu - mai hoto da kuma tattalin arziki-ilmin lissafi.
• Tsawon lokacin - takaice da kuma dogon lokaci.
• A matakin ɗaukar hoto na waje kansu - rufe da bude. An Rufe model ba asusu na da tasiri na sauran kasashe, bude la'akari da tasiri na waje duniya a kan kasa da tattalin arziki.
• By yawan tattalin arziki abokai - sauki (kamfanonin da Enterprises, gidaje), kuma full (ɓangare na jihar).
• Bisa ga tunani irin abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin - a tsaye da kuma tsauri. A farko ba la'akari da lokaci factor, wanda wajibi ne ga cikar wani musamman taron. A karshen ne halin da canje-canje a cikin dangantakar Manuniya da tattalin arzikin a kan lokaci.

Mafi shahara model na macroeconomy

A cikin shakka daga tarihi ci gaba, da suka kafa wata babbar adadin. Kuma daga gare su ne macroeconomic model, wanda ya zama Popular.

Model madauwari gudana.

Ya ce cewa na ainihi da kuma free tsabar kudi kwarara suna gane lokacin da total samar daidaita zuwa total kashe kudi na kamfanonin, gidaje, jihohi da kuma sauran duniya.

A tsarin na tara bukatar da tara wadata. Yana ba ka damar:

• gane yanayin karkashin abin da ma'auni ne kai a macroeconomics.
• domin sanin dole matakin na fitarwa da kuma farashin matakin.
• gano hanyar da canji a cikin ma'auni fitarwa da kuma farashin matakan, kazalika da nuna sakamakon wadannan canje-canje.
• ba zabin tattalin arziki yanke shawara.

Phillips kwana da Laffer. Phillips kwana nuna dangantaka tsakanin rashin aikin yi da kuma hauhawar farashin kaya.

Laffer kwana ne a zana wakilci na Laffer sakamako. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da cewa raguwa a haraji rates zai rage gwamnati kudaden shiga a cikin gajeren lokaci. A cikin dogon lokaci - don wani karuwa a zuba jari, da aikin yi da kuma karuwa a tanadi kudi.

Solow model na tattalin arziki.

Godiya mata, za mu iya sanin ko mafi kyau duka tanadi kudi, wanda ya samar da wani matsakaicin yiwu amfani.

A gina iri biyu canji amfani macroeconomic model.

A ra'ayi na exogenous canji

By lokacin da model an gina, sun riga sun sani. Exogenous - canji cewa an bã su daga waje, kuma suna dauke waje. A wasu kalmomin, da farko bayani.

Kamar yadda wadannan canji bayyana, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da kasafin kudi siyasa na jihar, da manufofin kudi na National Bank, kazalika da kayayyakin:

• darajar.
• ajiye bukatun.
• haraji kudi.
• refinancing kudi.
• gwamnatin bayar wa.

Exogenous - canji da zai shafi sakamakon shawarar model. Su canji ne ake kira m.

A ra'ayi na na ciki canji

Su ne sakamakon yanke shawara sanya a lokacin da aka ayyana model lissafin. Na ciki canji suna kafa a ciki da macroeconomic model. Saboda haka aka kira su ciki.

Na ciki canji ne dogara a kan external yanayi. Su koyi wasa:

• matakin da aikin yi da rashin aikin yi;
• fitarwa da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki.
• Harkokin kasuwanci aiki matakin.
• Farashin matakin da hauhawar farashin kaya.

Idan muka magana game da dangantakar ciki da waje canji, akwai daya kawai-hanyar causal dangantaka tsakanin su. Exogenous canji - Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da sanin na ciki amma da kanka a lokacin da shi ba ya fada karkashin su rinjayi.

Model Rolls kasuwar

Don fahimtar manufar m, la'akari da misalin gina wani model na kasuwar Rolls.

Bari mu ce cewa tattalin arziki suna uku zaton:

1. Level a Q ^d rolls bukatar dogara da darajar P _b Rolls kuma jimlar kudaden shiga Y. Wannan dogara nuna _{^{lissafi: Q d = D (P b}} , Y)
2. Yawan Rolls Q ^s, gasa a Bakeries, ya dogara da darajar P _b Rolls da gari P _f: Q ^s _{= S (P b, P f} )
3. Price canji Rolls haka cewa wadata da kuma bukatar zo a cikin balance: Q ^d = Q ^s

Wadannan uku lissafai samar da wata model na kasuwar Rolls, wanda aka wakilta da wadata da kuma bukatar da ginshiƙi.

bukatar kwana ta zuwa ƙasa, kuma ya nuna yadda masu amfani da suke son saya buns a akai matakin na samun kudin shiga a wani farashin. A mafi girma da price, ƙananan da bukatar.

Da wadata da kwana ɗaya zuwa gaba. Ya nuna yadda da burodi a tsayayyen farashi na gari zai samar da biscuits a wani farashin. A mafi girma da daraja, da hakan tayin. A batu na rarrabawa da masu lankwasa - kasuwa ma'auni, wanda aka ƙaddara da ma'auni farashin da yawa daga cikin dukiya miƙa muffins, wanda yayi dace da bukatar.

A Rolls na kasuwar model gabatar da iri canji. A exogenous canji ne farashin gari da kuma cikin jimlar kudaden shiga, na ciki - farashin burodi Rolls kuma ƙara da su tallace-tallace.

Ya kamata a lura cewa wasu cikakkun bayanai da aka tsallake. Yana ba la'akari da wuri da burodi da kuma ikon kafa daban-daban farashin daga fafatawa a gasa.

A tsarin ya nuna yadda exogenous canji shafar na ciki. Saboda haka, tare da karuwa a jimlar kudaden shiga ta ƙara bukatar da samfurin.

Kuma tare da karuwa a cikin kudin na gari, rage matakin samar da dukiya.

Saboda haka, misali da wani musamman model za a iya ganin haka a fili da cewa canji a matakin na samun kudin shiga da kuma kudin da gari suna da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan kasuwar Rolls. Wannan sake tabbatar da ka'idar cewa exogenous canji - Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da zai shafi samuwar da kuma ci gaban da daidaituwar tattalin arziki matakai da mamaki.