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M halin kaka: misali. masana'antu halin kaka
kudi na sha'anin iya a yi la'akari a cikin analysis daga daban-daban ra'ayoyi. Su rarrabuwa dogara ne a kan daban-daban fasali. Daga hangen zaman gaba da tasiri na samfurin yawa halin kaka na iya zama mai dogaro ko zaman kanta da karuwa a tallace-tallace. M halin kaka, wani misali na tabbatar da dalilin da wanda na bukatar mai da hankali shawara, da damar da shugaban kamfanin don sarrafa su ta hanyar kara ko ragewa tallace-tallace na gama kayayyakin. Saboda haka, su ne da muhimmanci ga fahimtar da ta dace kungiyar na ayyuka na wani kamfanin.
Janar halaye
Canji kamfanin halin kaka (m Cost, VC) su ne wadanda halin kaka kungiyar cewa canza da karuwa ko karu a girma a tallace-tallace na wadannan kayayyakin.
Domin m halin kaka hada da irin abubuwa.
- The dauke da kudin da albarkatun kasa, makamashi, kayayyakin, wanda aka kai tsaye da hannu a samar da gama kayayyakin.
- The kudin na masana'antu kayayyakin.
- A albashi na ma'aikatan, dangane da aiwatar da shirin.
- Interest daga cikin ayyukan da tallace-tallace manajoji.
- Haraji: VAT, a kan STS Ust.
Fahimtar m halin kaka
Don yakamata yi irin wannan abu a matsayin m halin kaka, wani misali na definition kamata a yi la'akari a cikin mafi daki-daki. Saboda haka, samar a yi ta samar da shirye-shirye ciyar wani adadin kayayyakin da za a sanya karshen samfurin.
Akwai kuma halin kaka, wanda ya dogara a kan yawa, amma ba a kai tsaye gwargwado ga samar da tsari. Wannan hali za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar rashin cunkoso (ko da wuce haddi) Production mismatch ta zane iya aiki.
Saboda haka, don auna da tasiri na kamfanin a gudanar da su ta halin kaka kamata a yi la'akari m halin kaka a matsayin ƙarƙashin line jadawali kan tazara a kan al'ada aiki iya aiki.
rarrabuwa
Akwai da dama iri na rarrabuwa na m halin kaka. Tare da canji na aiwatar halin kaka suke da daraja:
- proportionate halin kaka wanda ake kara a cikin wannan hanya a matsayin girma na samar.
- Progressive halin kaka kara a wata sauri taki fiye da ganin;
- degressively halin kaka wanda kara da kara samar da kudaden a wani ƙananan gudun.
Ilimin kididdiga Manuniya na m halin kaka na kamfanin ne:
- janar (Total m Cost, TVC), wanda aka lasafta a kan dukan kewayon kayayyakin.
- matsakaici (AVC, Average m Cost), lasafta da naúrar na samfur.
Bisa ga Hanyar lissafin a cikin kudin na ƙãre kayayyakin suke da daraja m kai tsaye halin kaka (kawai ake magana a kai da kudin) da kuma kai tsaye ba (wuya don auna su taimako ga kudin).
Game da aiwatar fitarwa iya zama samarwa (man fetur, raw kayan, da makamashi, da kuma sauransu. D.) Kuma da wadanda ba m (sufuri, percentages, kuma haka matsakanci. D.).
Common m halin kaka
The aiki fitarwa ne kama da m halin kaka. Shi ne m. Lokacin don nazarin halin kaka kawo tare, samu jimlar m halin kaka na dukan kayayyakin da kamfanin.
Lokacin da hada duka m da kuma gyarawa halin kaka, shi dai itace su jimla a cikin sha'anin. Wannan lissafi aka yi domin sanin ko dogara da m halin kaka na samarwa. Bugu da ari, bisa ga dabara canji ne m halin kaka:
MS = ΔVC / ΔQ, inda:
- MC - m m halin kaka.
- ΔVC - karuwa a m halin kaka.
- ΔQ - ƙara fitarwa.
Wannan dangantaka yale mu mu lissafi da tasiri na m halin kaka a cikin sauran sakamakon sayar da kayayyakin.
Lissafi na talakawan halin kaka
Average m kudin (AVC) - da aka kashe a kan samar naúrar na kamfanin albarkatun. A wani fanni na fitarwa girma shi ba zai yi tasiri a kan su. Amma lokacin da zane iya aiki da suka fara girma. Wannan hali da aka bayyana ta da heterogeneity na factor halin kaka da su da karuwa domin manyan sikelin samar.
The gabatar nuna alama da aka lasafta kamar haka:
AVC = VC / Q, inda:
- VC - yawan m halin kaka.
- Q - adadin fitarwa.
A sigogi da aunawa da talakawan m halin kaka a cikin gajeren lokaci ne kama da canji a cikin talakawan total halin kaka. A mafi girma samar da ƙãre kayayyakin, da girma da sauran kudin farko saduwa da karuwa a m halin kaka.
Lissafi na m halin kaka
Bisa ga sama, za mu iya ayyana m kudin dabara (VC):
- VC = Cost na Raw Materials + + + Fuel Wutar Lantarki Premium + albashi + sha'awa daga tallace-tallace jamiái.
- VC = Gross gefe - gyarawa halin kaka.
The adadin m da kuma gyarawa halin kaka ne daidaita da index na jimlar halin kaka daga cikin kungiyar.
M halin kaka, wani misali na lissafi wanda aka gabatar a sama, suna da hannu a cikin samuwar su duka adadi:
Total halin kaka = m halin kaka + Gyarawa halin kaka.
MISALI kafiya
Don fahimtar manufa na kirga da m halin kaka, la'akari da misali daga cikin lissafin. Alal misali, kamfanin ne halin da fitarwa daga irin wannan abubuwa:
- A kudin kayan da albarkatun kasa.
- Energy samar da halin kaka.
- A albashi na ma'aikatan samar da dukiya.
Aka yi zargin cewa m halin kaka ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga girma da karuwa na gama kayayyakin. Wannan hujja ne a dauki la'akari domin sanin hutu-ko da aya.
Alal misali, an kiyasta cewa hutu-ko da aya na 30 dubu. Raka'a. Idan muka yi wani jadawali, da hutu-ko da matakin na samar da zai zama daidai da sifili. Idan girma an rage, kamfanin ta gudanar zai matsawa zuwa unprofitability daga cikin jirgin saman. Kuma kamar wancan ne tare da kara kundin na samar da shiri zai iya samun sakamakon tabbatacce a net riba.
Yadda za a rage m halin kaka
Kara yadda ya dace da na sha'anin iya amfani da dabarun na "tattalin arziki na sikelin", wanda bayyana kanta da kara kundin na samarwa.
A dalilan da ya faru ne kamar haka.
- A amfani da kimiyya da fasaha, gudanar da bincike da inganta manufacturability.
- Rage albashi halin kaka na manajoji.
- Kunci specialization na samar, wanda ba ka damar yin kowane mataki na samar da ayyuka da nagarta sosai. Wannan rage kãfirta kudi.
- A gabatarwar da technologically kama Lines na samarwa, wanda zai samar da ƙarin damar yin amfani.
A wannan yanayin, da kudi na girma na m halin kaka lura a kasa tallace-tallace girma. Wannan zai kara yadda ya dace da kamfanin.
Bayan familiarized tare da wannan ra'ayi, a matsayin m halin kaka, wani misali na lissafi wanda aka kawo sunayensu a cikin wannan labarin, kudi manazarta da kuma manajoji zai iya ci gaba ta hanyoyi da yawa don rage overall kudin samar da rage samar da halin kaka. Wannan zai taimaka da tasiri management na sha'anin yawa rates.
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