Environmental rating na Rasha birane. Urban Lafiyar Qasa Matsaloli

Yawa daga cikin mu a kalla sau daya a cikin rayuwata ji irin wannan abu a matsayin muhalli rating na Rasha birane. Duk da haka, wannan ba abin mamaki bane. Bayan duk, dukan mu, ko da kuwa shekaru, matsayin aure, matakin da ilmi da aikin yi, ina so in yi alfahari da su tsabtace muhallansu da kuma ba damu game da nan gaba kiwon lafiya na mu yara. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yankin ta da lafiyar qasa ne don haka muhimmanci a wannan zamanin. Wannan labarin za su yi kokarin tattauna wannan daki-daki, kuma wasu sauran batutuwa.

Sashen 1. muhalli rating na Rasha birane. A halin da ake ciki a kasar

Kwanan nan ya bude, mafi kuma mafi bayanai na nuna ya fi karfinsu muhalli halin da ake ciki a kasar mu. Bugu da kari, a karshen na XX karni, fiye da 200, biranen da aka ayyana m ga rai saboda high matakan da iska gurbatawa da kuma ruwa gurbatawa.

Baqin ciki da gaskiya cewa sakamakon da All-Russian yakin "Dirty City", tsara don inganta muhalli, da aka bai isa a kula, tun da kawar da gur tõzarta shige da kadan nasara. Sai dai itace cewa birnin matsalolin muhalli ba zai bace, haka ma, suna dada tabarbare tare da kowane wucewa rana.

Industrial garuruwa ne a cikin fari a jerin mafi hatsari a duniya. Saboda haka, misali, statistics nuna cewa a cikin Rasha Norilsk, game da 90% na cututtuka hade tare da huhu da matsaloli, wanda sake tabbatar da cikakken zurfin matsalolin da muhalli halin da ake ciki a cikin masana'antu yankuna.

Yana kuma ya zama sananne cewa Norwegian gefe, damu da karfi da gurbacewar muhalli, ba haka ba da dadewa gano wani fairly babban Jimlar kudi domin maye wanda aka rabu amfani da kayan aiki na daya daga cikin birni ta nickel shuka located a cikin Kola Larabawa.

Sashe Na 2. Three muhalli tashin hankali zone kasashen

Abin baƙin ciki, mu kore, mai arziki da kyau kasa ba za a iya kira tsabtace muhalli-friendly rai. A deplorable jihar da yanayi a wurin da ke jihar ya kai ta m darajar. Kamar yadda a farkon shekarar 1989, masana kimiyya wallafa, musamman taswirar Rasha da birane, da nuna yanayi a lokacin. A nan tarayyar Soviet, sabili da haka kasar mu, bisa ga mataki na samu da aka raba uku zones da suke da daraja idan akai la'akari a more daki-daki:

1. catastrophic. Ba shi yiwuwa ba to sun hada da manyan yawa na radionuclides a Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk yankin. Wuya kowa zai ƙaryatãwa game da sosai low muhalli rating na Rasha birane located a cikin wannan yanki.

2. Crisis. Yana da alaka da wani aiki ayyukan samar da mai, da kuma aiki shuke-shuke, kazalika da masana'antu zones (Kalmykia, Arkhangelsk yankin., Angara, ta Tsakiya da kuma Lower Volga yankin da kuma wasu sauran yankunan).

3. moderately m. Black Kasar gona yankin, daga arewa maso yammacin Turai na kasar. Rating tsabtace muhalli birane a Rasha ya nuna cewa shi ne, a wannan yanki mafi m rai, kuma minimally dangantawa da kiwon lafiya kasada.

Sashi na 3: Wane ne ya zargi?

Duk da haka, da "mãsu laifi" na ƙãra muhalli danniya su ne ba kawai da watsi da wani m yanayi, amma kuma mota iskar, da asusu domin babu kasa da - 40% na dukkan abin gurɓatawa.

Ilimin kididdiga data Rospotrebnadzor relentlessly nuna cewa shekara-shekara muhalli rating na Rasha birane ba su canza ga mafi alhẽri, kuma Motoci spewing game da 13 ton da abubuwa masu haɗari, kuma fiye da 58% na yawan na megacities a halin yanzu fuskantar da mummunan tasiri na gurbata iska.

Sashi Na 4. Norilsk - mafiya hatsari birni a Rasha

Rating da gur birane a Rasha ne quite m. Don kwanan wata, masana kimiyya ba zana mafi kaffa hoto game da rayuwa a wani wajen ya fi karfinsu daga wannan ra'ayi, Norilsk.

Tare da wani yawan kawai 201.000 mutane, birnin da aka tsunduma a samar da kusan duk abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci tebur, tun tagulla da kuma kammala tare da iridium. Masana kimiyya daga bakin iya ji sau da yawa da tabbatarwa cewa Norilsk ne a kan gab da muhalli bala'i. Kuma ba kawai.

Mugayen bincike ya nuna cewa tsawon rayuwar jama'a ga maza - shekaru 45 na mata - a little more. Bronchial fuka, cutar daji, da na hankalin mutum, da na zahiri cuta a jarirai - sakamakon da abubuwa masu haɗari yawan abin sama. Carbon dioxide da aka saki 2% na jimlar duniya watsi!

Kuma shi ke kawai a cikin wani gari, mamaye ƙananan mark, shan la'akari da muhalli rating na Rasha birane.

Sashen 5. Wuraren da akwai hatsari Dzerzhinsk

A halin da ake ciki a Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod yankin iya cutar da ba kawai da yawan jama'a na birnin, amma kuma babban birnin na dukan Volga yankin. Me ya sa wannan magana? Mene ne dalilin da?

Gaskiyar cewa akwai har yanzu a zamanin mulkin N. S. Hruscheva tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da makamai masu guba, a sakamakon samu tare da phenol, Sarin da gubar har yanzu tunatar da mazauna Cold War.

Amma dai ba duka. Cikin ayyukan da ba, ko na zamani da kuma superbly sanye take da birnin masana'antu da kamfanonin ne ma ba da hanya mafi kyau rinjayar da jihar da muhalli halin da ake ciki a Dzerzhinsk.

Sashen 6. Ba haka bad!

Duk da haka, bari mu gaggauta tabbatar maka cewa da muhalli taswirar Rasha da birane ne ba kamar yadda pessimistic kamar yadda ta iya ze a duban farko, kuma duk da haka sun yanke ƙauna shi ne ba shi daraja.

Don kwanan wata, aikin muhalli motsa muhimmanci, albeit sosai matsakaici taki. Bari mu bayyana da bayanai. Saboda haka, a kan karanta rahoton "A cikin jihar da kuma kare muhalli na Rasha Federation" a shekara ta 2013 da aka ce cewa, misali, Solikamsk cire daga jerin Rasha ta fi najasa birane. Amma shi ne har yanzu da aka jera 123 daga birnin.

Environmental rating na Rasha birane nuna cewa dirtiest yankuna gane Astrakhan, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Sverdlovsk yankin, Chuvash Jamhuriyar, Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Tsabta da kyau a gane Murmansk, Novgorod, Kirov, Omsk da Leningrad yankin, kazalika da Arewa Ossetia.

Sashen 7. Menene ranking muhalli birane a Rasha?

Ba da dadewa, mataimakin ministan albarkatun kasa da kuma Lafiyar Qasa na Rasha Rinat Gizatulin gabatar da wani jerin garuruwan da, bisa ga ma'aikatar ma'aikata ne mafi tsabtace muhalli. A wannan tari ya hada da 87 birane da yawan jama'a na fiye da rabin mutane miliyan. Abin lura shi ne cewa Moscow yana daukan girman kai daga wuri 4. Ufa - Bashkir Capital an gane a matsayin mafi tsabta birni.

A kimantawa da aka gudanar da farko a kan iska da kuma ruwa quality, kazalika da} ananan hukumomi, tabbas manufofin da nufin tsarkakewa daga cikin birni daga abin gurɓatawa.

A karshe, a cikin jerin suna Astrakhan, Barnaul, kuma Magadan. Wannan shi ne sun fi mayar saboda gaskiyar cewa wadannan matsugunai hukuma gaba daya watsi da bukatar samar da zama dole data for analysis, sabili da haka, a game da su zuwa ranar a duk wuya yin wani karshe.

Sashen 8. Za mu iya tsabtace birnin Moscow?

Duk da cewa, babban birnin jihar tsaye a 4th wuri a cikin cleanest birane a Rasha, duk da haka, babban birnin kasar ba environmentally m wuri.

Duk da haka, a wannan lokaci, shirin na Moscow da kuma Moscow hukumomin samar da mai da hankali da lura da na yanayi, a fagage daban-daban.

Saboda haka, misali, "Mosekomonitoring" a kai a kai wallafa bayanai a kan Jihar gona, iska, ruwa da gandun daji, kazalika da nuna muhimmancin canji. Mobile ekolaboratorii nan da nan, kuma a kan bukatar amsa mazauna 'gunaguni. Kamar yadda na musamman m masana'antu watsi, sa'an nan kula kullum.

Saboda haka, yana da hadari a ce a Moscow a yau duk da dole yanayi na sa idanu muhalli da yanayi.

Sashen 9. Ufa - da cleanest birni a Rasha

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a karshen shekarar 2013 Ufa shi ne mafi m ga rai na gari daga wani muhalli ra'ayi.

Samar da isasshiya shaida cewa babban birnin na Bashkortostan aka dauke su undisputed shugaban na ingancin iska, ruwa amfani, tabbatarwa da yankin tattalin arziki. Great yi a kusan duk kwatance.

Bugu da kari, kamfanin "Bashneft" a watan Oktoba wannan shekara ta kaddamar da sabuwar mataki Air-tsaftacewa da shuke-shuke, samar da high-tsarki hydrogen. Haka kuma, shi ba kawai yana da kyau sakamako a kan ingancin iska, amma kuma qara ingancin da man fetur shuka.

Abin baƙin ciki, ba duk don haka Rosy kamar yadda za mu so. Me ya sa? The abu ne cewa, ba haka ba da dadewa, Ufa jami'an sanya wani m yanke shawara a kan gina wani shuka don aiki na itace "Kronospan". Zai ze, kuma jobs, kuma ta factory, da kuma gudunmawar da gida kasafin kudin ne ba superfluous.

Duk da haka, jami'an tare da wasu manyan kasashen ba sa so su fahimta cewa ayyukan da shuka zai iya sa muhimmanci lalacewar albarkatun ruwa. A zanga-zanga na gwagwarmaya, mambobi da muhalli al'umma, har ma da kotun yanke shawara ya, da rashin alheri, ba zai tasiri a yi, wanda ya kamata a fara a nan gaba. Amma a nan shi ne, ko Ufa sa'an nan haskaka zinariya lambar yabo a cikin ranking na cleanest birane, yana da wuya a ko da tunanin.