A kumbon sama jannati 'Orion ": description, tarihi

A nan gaba ya zo. Space tafiya da interplanetary jirãge, tashoshin ga mutane a kan Moon da kuma Mars kuma shafe tsawon mutum ya kwana a sarari yanayi ba ze wani kirkirarren labari. Nasarori astronautics, sarari bincike da latest binciken kimiyyar lissafi, Mun sanya farkon mu karni, misãlin karshen na karshe ga yanar-gizo. Lokaci na rashin tabbas, da ci gaban m tunani da kuma kudi gaskiya. Jama'a da dama na kasa da kasa da kamfanonin aiki a filin na sarari fasahar ayyukan zo ya kuma tafi, ba da abinci ga ci gaban m kwatanci. Farin gaskiyar sa'a a kan kome. American sarari aikin sarari jirgin "Orion" ya zama gaskiya. A da shi, sauran ayyukan, masu yiwuwa na nazarin sararin samaniya, da kuma ake magana a kai a cikin wannan labarin.

Janar bude

"Orion" - a sarari jirgin na latest ƙarni, wanda manufa - su kawo mutane fiye Duniya ta falaki. Sanye take da fasahar zamani reusable kwantena da aka sanya a kan jefa abin hawa Delta IV Tã, zai gudanar da wani ƙungiya daga shida 'yan saman jannati da kuma a 2030 zai kai mutum ga Mars. Wadannan su ne da tsare-tsaren bayyana ta National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

A watan Disamba, 2014 da kumbon sama jannati "Orion" 4.5 hours zauna a Duniya kewayewa da komai a fili a cikin Pacific Ocean, da tabbatar da yiwuwar ganin tsare-tsaren. Heat garkuwa kwantena da kuma saukar laima tsarin aka jarrabi nasara. Crash gwajin kudin game da $ miliyan 350, amma suka fadi takaice daga cikin fatan gamayyar kasa da kasa a kan wani sarari jirgin "Orion". Hotuna da kuma bidiyo a dogon lokaci sun shagaltar da sarari na kafofin watsa labarai da kuma hankalin duniya al'umma. Index tashi zuwa dubu takwas zuwa rikodi 18.300 aikace-aikace na 'yan takara na' yan saman jannati a sararin samaniya jirgin "Orion". jirgin na kaddamar da fim din da ya tattara a cikin video hosting rikodin lambobi views.

Ya zuwa yanzu, mafi-fi

Tsara a cikin kamanninsa da kuma surarsa daga cikin "Apollo", wannan jirgin ne latest ƙarni na Multi-manned kumbon sama jannati (Multi-Nufa Crew Vehicle). Tun da tsakiyar 2000s, jera reusable manned kumbon sama jannati tsara a karkashin Amurka 'Constellation' m sarari shirin.

A kumbon sama jannati 'Orion "kunshi wani reusable da manned kwantena da sabis a koyaushe. A kwantena da aka yi na Aerospace kamfani Lockheed Martin ga NASA request. Module aka umurce ta da Turai Space Agency (Esa), da kuma samar da shi a cikin kamfanin na Airbus tsaron da Space. Shi ne mai babbar kasa da kasa hadin baki aikin a cikin filin na sarari Shipbuilding.

A musamman kafofin daki-daki cikin tsari da kuma fasaha halaye na jirgin sama. Ga wani sauki karatu ne amfani da tsauraran matakan da m bayanai ta kwatanta kumbon sama jannati 'Orion'. Design da kuma yin amfani da "Orion" tana da yawan takamaiman fasali da kuma a kan abin da muka zauna.

"Orion", "Apollo", shuttles da kuma sauran

Bayyanar da kuma siffar kama da capsules "Apollo" da kuma Rasha "Soyuz". Yana da wannan tsari ne mafi kyau duka a lokacin da ka fita da yanayi da kuma motsi a cikin shi. Absorption wuce haddi zafi faruwa ta wajen wani ablative zafi garkuwa, wanda kusan gaba daya kone a lokacin saukowa da kuma sauƙi maye gurbin for wani sabon jirgin.

A kula da tsarin dogara ne a kan guda-core PowerPC 750FX sarrafawa, wanda ya jagoranci kafofin watsa labarai don tabbatar da cewa "Orion" ba kwazo fiye da a yau ta wayoyin salula na zamani. Amma Developers bayyana su zabi na tsarin na high data AMINCI karkashin matsananci vibration, zazzabi da hawa da sauka da cosmic radiation.

A kumbon sama jannati 'Orion' yana da wani m quality. Bisa ga manufa da kayayyaki za a iya a haɗe zuwa jirgin da wani abu. By ƙarin injuna su safarar compartments. Kafofin watsa labarai nan da nan ya kira shi "sarari truck".

Ya bambanta da Space Jigila, tsara a matsayin sarari jigila, sarari jirgin "Orion" sanye take da wani bangare, kamar yadda mai iko tsarin na kariya da kuma ceto 'yan saman jannati a farkon. A tsarin ta atomatik sauya a kan roka injuna, za su gudanar da wani ƙungiya daga fashewa yankin da kuma samar da saukowa kullum.

The "Orion": farkon

A shirin, da ake kira "Orion" da aka haife shi a San Diego a shekarar 1958 a cikin zurfin m "General Atomics» (General Atomics). Iyayenta - almara nukiliya likita Frederick Hoffman, co-wallafa Theodore Taylor. Manufar suka kafa wa kansu, - in mun gwada cheap da sauki wajen samar da kumbon sama jannati iya gudu kusa gudun haske. Dalili na aikin ya kasance wani nukiliya bugun jini roka fashewar. Suka kawo shawara don maye gurbin karfe fashewa jam'iyya da garkuwa, wanda nan da nan zai kai takamaiman turu da wani kwarara kudi har zuwa 10 000 km / s. Nukiliya zargin da ikon zuwa daya kilotons aikin fita daga cikin jirgin da kuma fashe 60 mita daga garkuwa a wasu lokaci zuwa lokaci.

The "Orion": da wuya hanya

An kerarre 'yan model irin pushers, da kuma riga a 1959 na farko gwajin tare da ƙaddamar da kafuwa a wata tsawo na mita 100. Pulse Motor tabbatar da yiwuwar ci jirgin. A garkuwa ma ya halartar canje-canje, da kuma a kan surface, an yanke shawarar zuwa fesa graphite maiko.

A shirin da aka tsara don shekaru 12, tare da wani kudin na $ 24 biliyan. NASA ba goyan bayan nan da aikin tare da makaman nukiliya propulsion, da kuma shirin da aka rufe. Bayan shiga a shekarar 1964 na kasa da kasa alkawarin, zuwa ban nukiliya fashe a sarari, da yanayi da ƙasa "Orion" aikin juya fashi.

Don mayar da shi a cikin 2000s matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin na ci gaba manned kumbon sama jannati "Constellation". Ci gaba da kuma yi kamfanin kallafa Lockheed Martin. Kuma na farko "Orion" kumbon sama jannati da aka samu nasarar kaddamar da komai a fili a shekarar 2014. NASA ya wajaba su fatan.

"Orion": da bege na nan gaba

A watan Maris shekara ta 2017, majalisar dokokin Amurka sun hada baki yarda da wani NASA kasafin kudin na $ 19.1 biliyan for 2018 - kusan $ 200 biliyan fiye da bara.

A Congress, da doka ta tanadi cewa ya kamata mutane su kan surface Mars a 2030.

To, masu yiwuwa na "Orion" aikin ne karfafa da kuma faranta wa samuwar kudi damar. Sake farawa, a kumbon sama jannati a cikin sarari guda zai gudana a shekara ta 2018, da kuma da dama bayan shekaru zaci wani manned manufa. Hukumar na aiki a kan shirye-shiryen da kuma ci gaban sabon shirye-shirye.

yiwuwa ga fasaha

NASA ba tsaya har yanzu, da kuma la'akari da irin ayyukan da na interstellar tafiya. Ko da ya fi futuristic: nanokorabley aikin, kai-waraka ko ina a cikin galaxy, ko Laser filafili.

Tun cikin shekaru 1990s, hukumar gudanar da taro kan bincike a cikin filin na sarari propulsion, inda mafi kyau lissafin kimiyya da injiniyoyi la'akari da duk ayyukan da ka'idar. A shirin da aka neman nasara ta jiki ka'idojin yiwuwa na jimla kimiyyar lissafi a cikin kungiyar na interstellar tafiya.

A mafi m aikin - shi ne don amfani da antimatter a matsayin makamashi Madogararsa for intergalactic tafiya. Mutãne ya riga ya samu anti-al'amari, har ma ya sami hanyar adana shi. Me ya sa ba tashi a kan shi zuwa taurari?

Fantastic al'amurra: bututu Krasnikova

"A engine na curvature" na sci-fi jerin "Star Trek" ba haka ba dama. Ikon shuka "Alcubierre engine" compressing sarari-lokaci a gaban kuma a baya shi yana faɗaɗa, ya tabbatar da rubuce. Tun shekarar 2012, irin wannan aukuwa ne Sydney University masana kimiyya.

A ra'ayin da ya "lokaci kumfa" Mikel Alcubierre da aka buga a shekarar 1994. A shekara daga baya likita daga Moscow Sergey Krasnikov ka'idantasu game da na'urar da za ta samar da sarari tafiya a gudun fi gudun haske.

Wannan curvature na sarari a kan wani "wormhole" halitta artificially. Bisa ga ka'idar, xan sama jannatin za su koma a lokaci guda, a lokacin da ya tafi a kan tafiya. Wannan zai faru saboda kumbon sama jannati motsi ta hanyar sauran girma kuma mai lankwasa sarari-lokaci.