Elbrus - Babba Caucasus dutsen

Elbrus - dutsen, wanda shi ne, a gaskiya ma iya jefa wani sihiri, duka biyu masu hawa da ke neman ci gaba da taron, da kuma mafi kowa matafiya wanda a shekara zo ta kafa, don jin da iko da ƙarfi na dutse ganiya. Kuma ba shakka, babu wanda ya ruɓushi.

Wannan talifin zai gaya ba kawai game da yadda za, a cikin abin da yake duwãtsu Elbrus, amma kuma ya gabatar da masu karatu don ta fasali, da m sunayen, myths da Legends.

Sashen 1. General bayanin irin Gwargwadon abu

Elbrus - dutsen, to sh dauke da tsororuwar Rasha Federation, dake arewacin ɓangare na Greater Caucasus dutsen iyaka, a kan iyakar karachay-Cherkessia da Kabardino-Balkaria.

Saboda gaskiya cewa tsakanin Turai da kuma Asiya ya har yanzu ba a kafa ainihin iyaka, wani lokacin Uphill danganta zuwa ga mafi girman Turai dutsen saman da kuma suna daga cikin "Bakwai summits". Yana iya ɗaukar wasu lokaci da labarin kasa, a karshe a yarda da shawarwari, amma da aka sani ga wasu da cewa Elbrus - dutsen, wanda shi ne wani abin da ake kira ancipitate stratovolcano. Its mazugi-dimbin yawa kololuwa aka kafa a kan tushen da wani tsoho mai aman wuta, da kuma daga wata ma'aunan kasa ra'ayi, duka biyu kololuwa ne gaba daya m volcanoes, kowanne daga abin yana da wani classic siffar kuma a fili furta bakin dutse.

Elbrus Caucasus duwãtsu ... ... Wadannan wurare su ne ainihin sanannen domin ta zamanin d tarihi. 'Yan mutane san cewa shekaru ne m kamar yadda na sama na wanda, misali, mafi girma ganiya na Rasha halakar da wata tsaye Laifi. Yana da aka kafa da kuma ranar karshe shigowa: shi game da shekaru 50 BC. e.

Sashe na 2: A Mystery of ganiya sunayen

Zai yiwu tambaya na inda yake Dutsen Elbrus, bari kadan tunani, amma amsar ne, bayyananne da kuma talakawan dalibi, amma shi ke game da etymology na sunan da aka sani ya 'yan.

A general, ya kamata a lura da cewa kokuwa yana da dama sunayen. A total akwai fiye da dozin.

Yau ne quite wuya a tantance abin da ya zo na farko sunayen, da kuma wasu daga baya. A zamani sunan dutsen, a cewar daya version, zo daga kasar Iran "Aytibares", wanda aka fassara a cikin Rasha nufin "babban dutse" ko "m" (version na Zend harshen). Karachai-Balkarian ganiya kira "Ming-tau," wanda fassara a cikin Rasha a matsayin "wani dutse dubbai." Duk da haka, akwai Balkars, wanda kira shi kadan daban - "Ming-Tau", wanda ke nufin "dutse saddled." Modern wakilan wannan al'umma har yanzu ce "Elbrus-tau" - "dutse a kusa da wadda iska whirls".

Daga cikin da yawa stratovolcano sunayen ma bambanta da sunan "Dzhinpadishah", wanda aka fassara daga Turkic sauti kamar "Ubangijin Spirits", "Orfi-tube" (Abkhaz) - "Mountain albarka" ko "Yal-booze" (Jojiyanci) - "snow mane ".

Sashi na 3: Menene tsawo na Mount Elbrus?

Zai yiwu wannan tambaya a kalla sau daya a cikin rayuwar sha'awar da yawa m. Amma amsar ba kamar yadda sauki a kan shi kamar yadda shi zai ze farko duba. Me ya sa? Duk da al'amarin a cikin peculiarities da tsarin.

Kamar yadda na lura sama, Elbrus - dutsen, kunsha na biyu mazugi-dimbin yawa kololuwa. A tsawo yamma - 5642 mita, da kuma gabas - 5621 m. Rarraba su a kan surface na sirdi yakan zuwa 5300 mita da kuma nesa daga juna ne game 3000 mita.

Domin da farko lokacin da ƙaddara girman Elbrus Rasha Academician K. Wisniewski a 1813.

Ka tuna cewa zuwa ranar, da girma ganiya na duniya yana dauke Dutsen Everest (Qomolangma), wanda tsayinsa - 8848 mita, a kwatanta da abin da mu dutse ganiya dubi kankanin.

Sashi Na 4. The tsanani daga cikin gida da sauyin yanayi

Dutsen Elbrus ... hawa zuwa saman ta sau da yawa mafarki duka biyu gogaggen masu hawa da kuma sabon shiga. Duk da haka, ana iya yi ba, a kowane lokaci. A mafi m ne lokacin rani, watan Yuli da Agusta.

A wannan lokaci da yanayin da ya fi karko da kuma mafi aminci to ziyarci wannan duwatsu. bazara da zazzabi ba safai ba da dama ƙananan fiye -9 ° C, ko da yake Yunƙurin kuma fall iya zama har zuwa -30 ° C.

Daga watan Oktoba zuwa watan Afrilu, a wadannan wurare daraja mai kauri da kuma sanyi hunturu. A sanyi weather, ziyarar da ganiya ne kusan ba zai yiwu, da kuma hawan to shi ne, suna tantamar zuwa kashe kansa.

Sashen 5. The volcanic aiki

Elbrus ne mai ban mamaki da kuma na musamman. Description Mountain daukan lokaci da yawa, saboda duk lokacin da samu karin kuma mafi ban sha'awa fasali.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu magance kawai mafi m. Sashen nazarin daga cikin dadaddun aman wuta nuna gaban yadudduka dauke da volcanic ash, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar tsoho eruptions. A farko Layer, masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa, sosai farko Elbrus shigowa faru game da 45,000 da suka wuce. Na biyu Layer aka kafa bayan da shigowa Kazbek. Yana faru game da 40 shekara dubu da suka wuce.

Yanzu an san cewa shi ya bayan wannan na biyu, mafi m, ko da ta zamani matsayin, na shigowa da kwatanta, wanda zauna a gida kogwanni, ya bar ƙasar, suka tafi a search na mafi sharadi gwargwado ga rayuwa.

A mafi yawan 'yan shigowa na Elbrus aman wuta ya faru game da 2000 da suka wuce (shekaru 50 BC. E.).

Sashen 6. Tatsũniyõyi ne na Mount Elbrus

A general, Caucasus Mountains, Elbrus musamman, ana tana tattare a cikin da yawa daga cikin mafi ban mamaki da kuma m Legends da camfin.

Daya daga cikin wadannan labarai ya gaya cewa, a zamanin da ya rayu a mahaifi da dansa - Kazbek da Elbrus. Duka su fadi cikin soyayya tare da wani kyakkyawan yarinya kira Mashuk. Kawai yarinya ta iya ba su yi zabi tsakanin biyu daraja heroes. Na dogon lokaci, mahaifi da dansa gasar, ba so ba a da juna da kuma buga tsakanin su m yãƙi. Suka yi yaƙi har sai Elbrus ba doke mahaifinsa. Amma, sanin ya mummunan hali, ɗan juya launin toka da baƙin ciki. Ya ba ya so ya son, samar da farashin mai ƙaunar daya rai, kuma ya jũya daga Elbrus kyau Mashuk, daga baya daba da kansa da wannan wuƙa da cewa kashe mahaifinsa.

Beautiful Mashuk yi kuka tsawo da kuma rusa kan Knights da ce cewa a duk ƙasar ba irin heroes, da kuma cewa yana da wuya a rayu a cikin wannan duniya ba tare da ganin su.

Allah ji ta suna makoki mara karewa, kuma suka jũya Kazbek da Elbrus a high duwãtsu, kyau da kuma sama da Caucasus ne ba. Beauty Mashuk ya juya sama da tudu ne kasa. Kuma a yanzu, daga karni zuwa karni, daga rana, akwai wani dutse yarinya kuma ya dubi mai girma summits kuma ba yankan shawara wanda daga cikin biyu heroes ya fi kusa da mafiya sõyuwa a gare ta zuciya na dutse ...

Sashen 7. The tarihi na babban nasarar da

A 1829, ya jagoranci da shugaban wani kimiyya balaguro Georgiem Emmanuelem aka sanya na farko hawan Dutsen Elbrus. Members na balaguro ya zama mafi yawa malaman jami'o'i: .. Physics, botanists, Dabbobi, geologists, da dai sauransu Suka ci gabashin ɓangare na Elbrus da kuma sanya tarihi a matsayin discoverer na daya daga cikin mafi girma a kololuwa na duniya tamu Duniya.

Da farko tayi ta hawa dutsen Elbrus Kilar Khachirov - shugaba. A 'yan shekarun baya an murƙushe da wani girma ganiya wannan dutsen - Western. The balaguro, shirya da Birtaniya climbers karkashin jagorancin Florence ya Garka, sanya mai tafiya zuwa yammacin ɓangare na Mount Elbrus a 1874. Mutumin farko da hawa a saman da shi, kuma shi ne wani shugaba, shi Balkar, Ahija Sottayev - memba na farko balaguro.

Daga baya, akwai wani mutum wanda ya ga gaci biyu saman Elbrus. A da Rasha topographer A. V. Pastuhov. Ya a 1890 zai iya tashi a kan yammacin taron, kuma a cikin 1896 - zuwa gabas. A wannan mutumin ya yi cikakken maps of Dutsen Elbrus.

Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai har yanzu a stratovolcano ne mafi m dutsen masu hawa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Don hawa a kan ta saman, masu hawa ciyar da matsakaita na game da mako guda.

Amma a zamanin yau, za ka iya yi da na USB mota, wanda ƙwarai facilitates hanya da kuma kubutar da lokaci.

A tsawon 3750 m akwai wani tsari "ganga", inda a yanzu yawanci fara hawa Elbrus. Wannan tsari yana da wani shida-makaran ganga kekunan shanun da kuma musamman sanye take kitchen. A matakin na 4100 mita ne mafi girma dutse a duniya hotel - "Tsari goma sha".

Sashen 8. Stone namomin kaza a kan Elbrus

Elbrus - dutsen, wanda shi ne iya captivate matafiya domin ta halitta fasali, misali, musamman dutsen tsarin, da ake kira dutse namomin kaza.

Har yanzu, babu daya ba wanda ya san dalilin da ya sa wadannan duwatsu popularly kira namomin kaza, kuma babu inda a cikin Caucasus irin mutummutumai ne ba ya lura. A wani kananan lebur area (250 x 100 m) warwatse pictorial biyu dozin irin wannan "fungi". A da yawa daga cikinsu ba za ka iya ganin tsagi.

Zai yiwu sun aka yi amfani da kakanninmu a wasu irin addini domin. Musamman m ne da duwatsu wanda suke kama da fuska neman up. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa wannan shi ne wani wuri tare da wani karfi tabbatacce makamashi, har ma da yanayin nan ne sosai anomalous.

Sashen 9. Elbrus Tsaro Museum

Tsaro Museum - da mafi gidan kayan gargajiya a duniya. An located a tsawon 3500 mita saman teku matakin.

Exposure bambancinsa ta'allaka ne da cewa shi ba a tsare a ginin, da kuma ci gaba a cikin kewaye yankin.

Wannan ma'aikata ta aiki tun 1 Janairu 1972. Its ci gaba da kuma adana daga cikin tarin an ko da yaushe ana kallonsa masanin kimiyya da kuma wasu ma'aikata biyu.

The tarin hada da fiye da 270 abubuwa. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a Elbrus aka located mafi girma dutsen gaban. A wadannan wurare sun m fadace-fadace a kan dutsen kafa, wanda da Nazis kokarin dauka don samun zuwa Caucasus.

Photodocumentary kayan wadannan abubuwan da shekaru da yawa kiyaye a cikin wannan gidan kayan gargajiya. Prielbrusye Tsaro Museum - shi ne wani shiri na yankin mika wuya wanda yana da za'ayi al'adu aiki.

Sashen 10. Ban sha'awa facts game da Dutsen

• A shekarar 1956, a cikin girmamawa ga 400th tunawa da Kabardino-Balkaria, Elbrus Mountain a lokaci guda na iya hawa wani rukuni na 400 hawa.
• A 1998, wata wuta ƙone ginin hotel "Tsari goma sha". Don kwanan wata, shafin na tsohon katako, gini,} ananan hukumomi, erecting sabon.
• A shekarar 1991, mujallar waje Magazine bayan gida "Tsari goma sha" da aka mai suna da mafi mũnin bayan gida a duniya. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, Ganin cewa dubban dutsen yawon bude ido da kuma masu hawa daga ko'ina cikin duniya domin shekaru sun yi amfani da wannan wuri na musamman manufa.
• Elbrus an dauki daya daga cikin mafiya hatsari kololuwa a duniya. A lokacin hawan dutsen sau da yawa sosai hatsarori faru. A 2004 kadai, inda suka kashe 48 wasan na, adventurers da masu hawa.
• A 1997, a karo na farko a saman Elbrus na iya zo up musamman sanye take da modified mota Land Rover. Mutumin da ya koro wannan mota - Rasha matafiyi Abramov.
• Dutsen Elbrus nasa ne da "Bakwai summits", in ban da shi a cikin jerin ne: Aconcagua a kudancin Amirka, Dutsen Everest a Asiya, Dutsen McKinley, a Arewacin Amirka, Vinson Massif a Antarctica, Kilimanjaro a Afirka, Puncak Jaya kuma a Oceania da kuma Australia.
• More kan Elbrus yana da 22 glaciers, wanda yake fãra uku na gudãna Kuban da Baksan da Malka.
• Wani lokaci daga saman Mount Elbrus climbers iya ganin nan da nan cikin Black kuma Caspian Sea. Wannan ya dogara da matsa lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki, don taimaka da yawa ke tsiro review radius.
• A 2008, Dutsen Elbrus an gane a matsayin daya daga cikin bakwai al'ajabi na Rasha.