Daraja karafa

Precious karafa - shi ne na farko na dukkan zinariya, da azurfa, da platinum. Su ne ba batun lalata da hadawan abu da iskar shaka, da kuma wannan su dur} ushe daga sauran karafa. Su reserves ne kananan, amma su kayayyakin ne da gaske musamman. Don category hada da daraja da kuma platinum karafa, kamar palladium, ruthenium, iridium, Rhodium da osmium. Platinum karfe ne daban-daban thermal kwanciyar hankali, ductility, lalata juriya, reflectivity da emissivity, ma thermal da lantarki watsin da kuma high Magnetic halaye. Wadannan musamman jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties ba kawai karafa kansu, amma kuma su mahadi da kuma kayan a kan su akai: gami, catalysts, powders, coatings, oxide fina-finan. Su ne ba makawa a cikin sinadaran da petrochemical masana'antu, Electronics, lantarki, da makaman nukiliya da kuma makami mai linzami da fasaha, kayan aiki. Wadannan karafa samar da wani tabbacin aiki AMINCI sarrafa kwamfuta, kazalika da aunawa da kuma kula da na'urorin da instrumentation.

All daraja karafa da muhimmanci halaye da ake bukata domin yi na daban-daban ado. Wannan irin kaddarorin kamar yadda softness, ductility, plasticity, fusing ikon da sauran karafa. Saboda babban kudin da suka kasance sunã kira masu daraja.

A mafi tsada daraja karfe - zinariya. Shi ne kawai daya karfe cewa yana da wani haske rawaya launi a cikin purest siffan. Idan ta goge, da kwanyarsa zai skyrocket. Gold ne ba batun iska hadawan abu da iskar shaka, resistant ga laima a kan shi. Saboda ta tsenneyshemu dukiya - sunadarai juriya da duk karafa zinariya kungiyar gane a matsayin mafi daraja. A kayan ado masana'antu shi ne tushen da zinariya tsantsa daraja gami.

Mutane da yawa fi son daraja karafa fari, yafi a cikin kayan ado. Irin wannan ƙarfe shi ne azurfa. Bugu da kari ya ba da azurfa ado amfani ga yi na cutlery, crockery. Machined azurfa lends kanta sauƙi. Wannan ƙarfe yana ductility, plasticity, malleability. Haka kuma an halin da high reflectivity ga shi, thermal da kuma lantarki watsin. A gagarumin ɓangare na cirewa azurfa amfani da lantarki, instrumentation, domin coinage, da shafi na madubai, a cikin daukar hoto. A cikin 'yan shekaru, da ikon yinsa, wannan ƙarfe ne kullum fadada. By danshi azurfa ba sosai a barga. Yana samun duhu inuwa.

Har ila yau daraja karafa hada da platinum da jerin - m karfe da kuma tsaurin. A yanayi babu platinum a cikin purest siffan. Yana da aka gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na halitta gami da sauran daraja karafa kamar palladium, ruthenium, Rhodium, osmium, iridium. Platinum yana da mafi girma taurin fiye da zinariya da azurfa. Chemical juriya da aka kadan shafa. Platinum vysokoprobny gami da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin kayan ado.

A tsarin da platinum kungiyar ne palladium. Its sinadaran Properties na platinum da ke ƙasa. Ya na da kyau, kusan fararen. Palladium ne mafi hur, m, da kuma low-da-dab roba daga platinum kungiyar karafa. Yana iya zama birgima kuma isa fita zuwa waya. Palladium ba tarnish kuma daidai amenable ga polishing. An samu a cikin abun da ke ciki na low-sa zinariya ƙara da anti-lalatattu Properties.

A platinum kungiyar da karafa ya hada da azurfa, kama ta bluish fari aluminum. Wannan ƙarfe halin da taurin, friability. Shi yana da wani muhimmi high reflectivity. Rhodium aka dauke chemically resistant karfe. Wannan ƙarfe ne resistant da sakamakon oxygen, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus. Chemical da jiki Properties na azurfa da ake amfani da shafi articles daga zinariya da azurfa.

Ruthenium - tsaurin karfe. Taurin da brittleness yana kazalika da azurfa. Ya yi amfani da wannan karfe an samu a cikin kayan aiki, a kananan yawa samuwa a platinum gami.

Daya daga cikin platinum kungiyar karfe ne iridium, da halayyar wanda yake kama da halayyar ruthenium da kuma azurfa. Daga cikin dukkan karafa, shi ne daya daga cikin barga chemically. Ya aka rayayye yi amfani da sinadaran masana'antu.

A karshe wakilin platinum kungiyar karafa - osmium. Machining shi ne, ba batun, a acid insoluble. A osmium gami da aka gabatar don su kara sunadarai juriya da kuma taurin.