Dabarun m jirgin sama Tu-95MS "Bear"

Bayan da Rasha Federation ta koma flights daga dabarun jirgin sama dako a alerting yanayin, latsa fara bayyana rahotanni cewa Tu-95MS jirgin sama da ake gani a kusa da iska kan iyakoki na United Kingdom, Guinea, Japan da kuma sauran wurare inda a baya irin wannan aiki da aka ba a lura. Air kan iyakoki, mu iska karfi ne ba a karya, amma kusance su a hankali, shi ana riskarsa kamar m hali. Wani lokaci sakonnin (matukar) tashi interceptors na NATO, da kuma abin da ya faru aka zaunar. Kawai a lokacin a duniya na dunƙule m "Tu" wasu soja sharhi kira "relic". Duk da irin wannan m laƙabi, ya bayyanar a kusa da motsa jiki yanki na sojojin kuma navies na kasashen m maƙiya ne a damuwa. Me ya sa?

A farkon zamanin "Hey-ragargaza"

Tu-95MS "Bear" - a kai tsaye zuriyar "da jirgin sama-95-1", na farko dauki ga iska a cikin kaka na shekara ta 1952. Operation a lokacin rani kashi ya fara a 1956, game da wannan a matsayin a Amurka, akwai da mashahuriyar B-52 dauke da sabis a yau. Events ba wadda ta gabãta a wasu prehistory.

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1945, da Amurka Air Force sanya biyu atomic harin bom na Japan birane. A cikin soja expediency wannan mataki na siyasa da masana kimiyya har yanzu jayayya, amma m tasiri, ba shakka, ya faru. A zamanin da atomic psychosis. Stalin jagorancin ya bayyana cewa asarar geopolitical 'yancin kai ba tare da nasu karfin nukiliya na Tarayyar Soviet. A wannan yanayin, mafi bama-bamai (da shi ya riga ya ci gaba) bai isa ba, muna bukatar a wajen bayarwa. Farko da kuma justifiable awo dauka a cikin wannan shugabanci ya tashi, "Boeing" B-29 "Stratofortress", mu kira da Tu-4. A 1950 fara da Korean War, a cikin abin da sojojin Amurka suke riga gargajiya da kuma tabbatar da dabarun dõgara a kan kafet harin bom da za'ayi da manyan manyan iska, yawo a cikin m samuwar. A tsarin, duk da haka, ya kasa.

Yin na "The Bear"

Bayan bayyanar sama, a Korean jet mayakan MiG-15 shigewa na B-29 ta bayyana. A paradox ya cewa Soviet jirgin sama zanen kaya da hannuwansu su ɓãta ra'ayi na nukiliya m tare da fistan engine (ie, da Tu-4), da kuma sauran daga Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin da aka ba. Kamar yadda wani al'amari na gaggawa da aka dakatar da aikin a kan wani mai yiwuwa model na Tu-85 saboda ta obsolescence a zane mataki. KB AN Kirar Tupolev aka sanya don ƙirƙirar sabon jirgin sama m svobodnopadayuschih tonnage na bama-bamai da zai iya tashi yawa mafi girma, sauri, kuma sun yi mafi girma fama radius. Yi irin wannan aikin iya zama ta yin amfani da inji mai farfela injuna. A tsakiyar 1951 ya fara aiki. By 1952, sun kasance nasara, sakamakon wani jirgin sama tare da wani suna fadin index of "95", hawa zuwa Airfield "Zhukovsky" da kuma harhada akwai. Outwardly, ya kusan ba su sãɓã ba daga Tu-95MS kai harin, yawo a yau.

janar Schematic

By yau nagartacce layout "kai" (kamar yadda ya aka kira a NATO) ba ban mamaki. Tuki a classic, da fuselage na madauwari giciye sashe (yawanci kirar Tupolev yanke shawara), share reshe, sredneraspolozhennoe. Mamaki kwararru a farkon hamsin hamsin, zai sa sosai dogon nacelle saboda high engine ikon, da kuma sabon abu alamu na masu motsi. A Tu-95MS ba sanye take da hudu (as B-17 ko B-29) sukurori da takwas. A kowane axis na mota juyawa propeller biyu oppositely (godiya ga mai ban sha'awa juna na kaya), da karkata da ruwan wukake da kuma yana da wani m polarity. Kamar haka suka consistently shiryar da iska, haka cimma wani sosai high dace (har zuwa 82%). Wannan bayani ne nan da nan ya kawo sigogi na ikon shuka a kan Tu-95MS ingancin matakin kusa da turbojet yi.

Bayan wadannan m lokacin, sha'awar da size da kuma lissafi na airframe. Its tsawon kuma sassauta fikãfikanka span - game da 50 mita. Takeoff Weight - 180 tons.

Kamar yadda na da nauyin da fama kaya, a lokacin da al'amurra shi amounted zuwa 12 ton, amma a aiwatar da refining da kuma inganta ta zane iya kawo har zuwa 20 t (as yana Tu-95MS "Bear").

"Daga cikin kusurwa"

Kara dama daga iska tsaro tsarin, duka a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma a cikin adawa da shi sojoji kasashen, hankali gurgunta da ra'ayin amfani da svobodnopadayuschih bama-bamai, musamman sanye take spetszaryadom. The United States kuma Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin da wannan ganin sun daruruwan masu inganci da m inji cewa da yawan musamman jirgin halaye (range, gudun, dauke da damar). A da zane da kuma gina kudi mai yawa da aka kashe. Suna bukatar samun wani sabon amfani. Shi ba a san wanda yake da ra'ayin in yi amfani da m tashi a matsayin gabatarwa ga cruise makamai masu linzami, amma ta ceton ga dukan aji na jirgin sama. Modified Tu-95MS ya zama irin wannan "iska-baturi", tsara da kaddamar da CD na tsaka tsaki zone, ba tare da shigar da makiya sararin samaniyar da kuma harbe-harben ba zato ba tsammani a matsayin kusa da kusurwar.

farar hula version

An fara daga hamsin hamsin (da kuma a wasu lokuta daga baya sau) kai harin ya zama wata irin "bayarwa" fasinja jiragen ruwa. Wannan sabon abu ne mafi halayyar da CB AN Tupoleva isa ya tuna sanannen Tu-104, wanda shi ne wani sabon tuba fama TU-16. A jihar ya dade da aka dauke ba dole ba zane halin kaka na musamman motocin farar hula, yana fifita amfani da shirye-sanya kayayyaki da kuma daidaita da su. Tu-95MS kai harin sarrafa yawa fiye da sauran versions na "95th" fasinja Tu-114, ya riga ya yi aiki a "Tunisair" da kuma ma yana da lokaci ya sadar da sakatare janar Khrushchev a Amurka.

kariyar kai

50s da 60s feed gun emplacements Sanye take ko da safarar jiragen sama AN-12. Yau, wadannan makamai ze m, kuma da ra'ayin amfani da jirgin sama cannons kare da jirgin saman soja - butulci. Duk da haka manyan bindigogi harsashi m Tu-95MS riƙe su zamo - 23 mm. A farkon versions kasance mafi (har zuwa shida kututturan, 3 twin tsarin). A kan "iska-to-air" makamai masu linzami, su ne kamar wuya ya taimaka, amma ba wasu damar yin tunãni mayakan hari daga raya yammancin duniya. A da shuka zane da igwa GS-23, game da wannan a matsayin cewa amfani ga Tu-4, manyan bindigogi kayan aiki a general ne halin da conservatism.

Babban makami

Cruise makamai masu linzami da X-55 - da babban makamai Tu-95MS. Halaye na su cancanci a raba labarin, amma hanyar da su hadewa a cikin jirgin sama tsari ne na asali da kuma m, a kansa hanya. Shida bawo tare da folded fuka-fuki, kamar yadda harsashi suna located in da drum na wani revolver sanya a cikin fuselage. Bayan kaddamar da daya roka duka ciki tsarin da aka juya ta 60 digiri, da kuma na gaba X-55 na shirye rabuwa ta hanyar babban bam bay.

Underwing pylons (hudu na su) suna lasafta a kan dakatar ko goma cruise makamai masu linzami, jirgin sama dangi damar kawo irin wannan nauyi, ko da yake rage gudu halaye, qara da nata irin ja da, a sakamakon, man amfani, da kuma cikin kewayon rage-rage.

ƙungiya aiki yanayin

Tu-95MS - ba da mafi dadi mota. Matuka jirgin ne quite hankali, ko da yake da yawa m dalilai musamman a baya versions, yanzu shafe ta. Crew gaban matsa gida daukan sanya high sama da tsani ta ƙyanƙyashe a cikin kasa na baka, kusa da gaban al'amudin shasi ta hanyar shi ya fita cikin jirgin sama a yanayin saukan gaggawa. Don ƙarin saurin aiwatar bayar da wani irin na'ura mai bel, amma a laima tsalle saukar da shi ne ko da yaushe mafi hatsari, kamar yadda mafi yawan iska hatsarori faruwa a low altitudes (takeoff da kuma saukowa). Catapult kamar yadda irin wannan ne ba a nan.

Rear matsa gida sanye take tare da kansa ƙyanƙyashe. Domin ceton cikin hatsari a kan tekun inflatable rafts bayar.

Matukan jirgi koka game da babban matakin da amo (injuna ne mai iko sosai, don dubu 15. Lita. Tare da., Kuma sukurori su ne babbar kuma akwai guda takwas). M da bayan gida. Ya kamata, duk da haka, ku tuna cewa aiki a kan zane na 95th fara a cikin Stalin zamanin, lokacin da al'amari na saukaka ya samu kadan da hankali.

al'amurra

Aerodrome dogon zangon da jirgin sama, "Engels" a cikin Saratov yankin fara bayan rushewar kungiyar na babban basing site na 32 raka'a 90 jirgin sama sanya wannan canji. A 1992, da batun na "Bears" Tu-95MS aka kammala. Features makami mai linzami da damar da ma'aikatar tsaron su dõgara a kan yiwuwar yin amfani ga a kalla wani shekaru goma.

Flight kewayon daga 6 zuwa 10 da dubu. Km samar fama damar muhimmi a cikin jirage bãyansu. Bugun sama zuwa 900 km / h yayi dace da sigogi na ce m, B-52 da yin irin wannan ayyuka. Yiwuwar shigarwa na kayan aiki da lantarki yaƙi gusar high "Bear" ganuwa zuwa maƙiyi radar. Dace rigakafin prolongs sabis rayuwa. Duk da haka, Tu-95 ƙaddara ga sakewa bayan na karshe na su gudu daga gefe. A da wuri zai tashi zuwa aiki na zamani da dabarun da makami mai linzami.