Da shan kashi na Spanish Armada: wurin, da ranar, da komowar ruwa na yaki

Armada yana da wani babban soja da jiragen ruwa, kafa a Spain. Yana kunshi game da 130 jiragen ruwa. A flotilla aka hada a 1586-1588 gg. Bari mu bincika abin da kara shekara faru da shan kashi na Spanish Armada. Game da wannan daga baya a cikin labarin.

makasudin

Kafin mu yi magana game da dalilin da ya sa da kuma lokacin da akwai da shan kashi na Spanish Armada, kamata bayyana halin da ake ciki da cewa ya faru a lokacin. Shekaru da dama, da Turanci privateers sunk kuma washe Spanish jiragen ruwa. Wannan ya kawo kasar babbar asarar. Saboda haka, a 1582 na farko Spain ta yi hasara, hasara na fiye da $ 1.9 miliyan ducats. Wani dalili da ya sa aka yanke shawarar kirkiro rundunar motoci, ya da goyon bayan da Dutch tawaye Elizabeth na - Sarauniyar Ingila. Philip II - monarch na Spain - dauke da shi ya zama wajibi in taimake English Katolika, wanda ya yi yaƙi da Furotesta. A wannan batun, da flotilla jirãge, ya samu halartar kusan 180 da limaman. Haka kuma, a lokacin kowace daukar ma'aikata na matuƙan da sojoji kamata dole zuwa ikirari da kuma tarayya. Domin su part, da 'yan tawayen fatan lashe Birtaniya. Kuma suka yi zaton cewa za su iya karya da Spanish kenkenewa a kan cinikayya da New World, kazalika da yada a Turai, Protestant ideas. Saboda haka, bangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da a cikin taron.

yakin neman shirya

The King of Spain da umarnin rundunar motoci zuwa kusanci English Channel. Akwai ta kasance zuwa ga gama da wata 30-dubu sojojin Duke na Parma. The sojojin da aka located in Flanders. Hada sojojin da suka yi ratsa cikin Turanci Channel zuwa County na Essex. Bayan da ya kamata ya yi tafiya a kan London. Spanish King fatan cewa Katolika bar Elizabeth, kuma Ka riskar da shi. Duk da haka, wannan shiri da aka ba da cikakken tunanin fitar. A da shi, musamman, shi ya ba da aka dauke m ruwa, wanda bai da damar da jirgin kusanta ga tudu, to kai a kan jirgin sojojin Duke. Bugu da kari ga wannan, da Spain ba la'akari da ikon Birtaniya jiragen ruwa. Kuma, ba shakka, Philip iya ba ko da bayar da shawarar cewa da shan kashi na Spanish Armada faru.

umurnin

Armada aka nada a matsayin shugaban Alvaro De Bazan. An dauke da mafi kyau Spanish admiral. Shi ne Mafarin da Oganeza na flotilla. Kamar yadda aka tattauna daga baya Sahaban, idan ya jagoranci jiragen ruwa, shi ba zai sha wahala da shan kashi na Spanish Armada. Shekara 1588 th, duk da haka, ya zama na karshe a cikin rãyuwar Admiral. Ya mutu a 63 ga watan shekara, gaba da rundunar a teku. Maimakon haka, ya aka nada Alonso Perez de Guzman. Ya kasance ba wani gogaggen navigator, amma yana da ban mamaki kungiya basira. Sun yarda da shi to da sauri sami wani yare gama-gari tare da gogaggen shugabannin. Godiya zuwa ga kokari mai iko sojojin ruwa da aka halitta, wanda aka sanye take da tattalinsu, kuma sanye take da duk abin da ya cancanta. Bugu da kari, umurnin na raya tsarin na sakonni, umarni da oda yaƙi, ga kowa da kowa manyan sojojin.

Features na kungiyar

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Armada ya game 130 jirãge, 30.5 dubu. Mutane, 2430 bindigogi. Babban karfi ya kasu kashi shida squadrons:

1. "Castilla".
2. "Portugal".
3. "Biscay".
4. "Gipuzkoa".
5. "Andalusia".
6. "Levant".

A Armada kuma hada hudu Neapolitan galleass kuma wannan adadin Portuguese galleys. Bugu da kari, a matsayin wani ɓangare na flotilla wani babban yawan bincike jirgi Manzo ayyuka da kuma kayayyaki. Abinci sun hada da miliyoyin biscuits, 400 dubu. Burtaniya na shinkafa, 600 dubu. Burtaniya corned naman sa da kuma Salted kifi, 40 dubu. Galan na man fetur, 14 dubu. Ganga tare da ruwan inabi, 6 ga watan. Bean bags, 300 dubu. Burtaniya na cuku. Daga harsasai jiragen ruwa ba 124 dubu. Kernels dubu 500. Propellant cajin.

fara yaƙin neman zaɓe

Daga Lisbon harbor wani flotilla zo a kan May 29, 1588 shekara. Duk da haka, a cikin hanyar shi kama da hadari da cewa koro jiragen ruwa su La Coruna - tashar jiragen ruwa a arewa maso yammacin Spain. Akwai, da matuƙan da a gudanar da gyare-gyare na tasoshin da kuma cika abinci hannun jari. Kwamandan na flotilla damu karanci cututtuka guzuri da su matuƙan. A wannan batun, ya fito fili ya rubuta wa Filibus, cewa shakka a cikin nasarar da yaƙin neman zaɓe. Duk da haka, da monarch nace cewa Admiral bi wani qaddara hanya da ba karkacewa daga shirin. Watanni biyu bayan filin ajiye motoci a Lisbon ta harbor, da flotilla kai English Channel.

Soke taron tare da Duke na Parma

Flotilla Admiral Philip fili bi umarni da ya aiko jiragen ruwa zuwa tudu don kai da sojojin. Jiran amsa daga Duke Kwamandan Armada umurni da anga kusa Calais. Wannan halin da ake ciki ne ƙwarai, m, abin da yake a hannunka zuwa Birtaniya. A wannan dare su aika da Spanish jiragen ruwa kafa a kan wuta 8 jiragen ruwa tare da fashewa da flammable kayan. Mai shugabannin fara yanke da igiyoyi da frantically kokarin tserewa. Daga baya mai karfi iska da kuma mai iko yanzu kwashe Spaniards zuwa arewa. Koma zuwa Duke na Parma, ba su iya ba. Kashegari akwai wani hukunci da yaƙi.

Place da kwanan watan da shan kashi na Spanish Armada

A flotilla aka ci Anglo-Dutch maneuverable haske jiragen ruwa. Da ake umuruin su by Charles Howard. A cikin Turanci Channel, akwai da dama rikicin, wanda ya ƙare Gravelinskoe yaƙi. Saboda haka, abin da ya shekara da shan kashi na Spanish Armada? A flotilla ya short-rayu. Ta aka ci a wannan shekara, wanda ya fara a yakin - a cikin 1588. Fadace-fadace, a cikin tẽku dade makonni biyu. Spanish jiragen ruwa bai iya regroup. Karo da abokan gaba jiragen ruwa sun kasance a sosai precarious yanayi. Wahala da samar da wani kullum canja iska. Major rikicin ya faru a Portland Bill, Fara Point, tsibiri na Wight. A lokacin yaki da Spaniards rasa game 7 jiragen ruwa. A karshe kashi na Spanish Armada ya faru a Calais. Bar m mamayewa LED Admiral jiragen ruwa arewa, ta hanyar da Atlantic Coast na Yammacin Ireland. A daidai wannan maƙiyi jirãge bi ta a takaice nesa, motsi tare gabashin tekun na Ingila.

Koma Spain

Shi kuwa yana da wuya. Bayan da fadace-fadace, jiragen ruwa da yawa da aka mugun lalace kuma kawai kiyaye da ninkaya. Kusa da yankin arewa maso yammacin tekun na Ireland rundunar buga wani biyu-mako hadari. Mutane da yawa daga cikin jiragen ruwa a lokacin da ta fadi da kankara ko kuma babu. Daga bisani, a kan Satumba 23rd farko fitina bayan dogon wanderings kai arewa na Spain. Back gida ne kawai 60, da kuma jiragen ruwa. Jikkata da aka kiyasta daga 1/3 zuwa 3/4 na yawan crews. A babbar yawan mutanen da suka mutu na su raunuka da kuma cututtuka, da yawa Muka nutsar. Ko da wanda suka gudanar ya koma gida, kusan starved zuwa mutuwa, tun da dukan abinci da hannun jari da aka tsautsayi. Daya daga cikin jiragen ruwa gudu aground a Laredo, saboda matuƙan da bãbu wani ƙarfi ga ko runtse da filafili kuma anga.

darajar

Manyan asarar kawo da shan kashi na Spanish Armada. A kwanan wata a lokacin da taron ya faru, za har abada zama a cikin tarihin kasar kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi ban tausayi. Duk da haka, da shan kashi bai kai ga wani nan da nan digo a cikin Spanish ikon a teku. 90 shekaru na 16th karni a matsayin dukan halin quite wani cin nasara yaƙi. Saboda haka, Birtaniya ƙoƙari mamaye da Spanish Armada kan ruwa daga kaye. Yaƙin ya faru a 1589-m. 2 shekaru baya da Spanish jiragen ruwa ya ci Birtaniya a cikin tekun Atlantic a dama fadace-fadace. Duk wadannan nasarori, duk da haka, sun iya rama domin asarar da cewa kawo kasa da shan kashi na Spanish Armada. Spain koya mai da muhimmanci sosai darasi ga kanmu daga wannan m yaƙin neman zaɓe. Daga bisani, kasar watsi da m da kuma nauyi tasoshin a cikin ni'imar da m jiragen ruwa sanye take da dogon zangon makamai.

ƙarshe

Da shan kashi na Spanish Armada (1588) rufe dukkan bege ga maido da Katolika a Ingila. A hannu na kasar a daya mataki ko wani a Spain ta kasashen waje da manufofin ayyukan iya ma za a gani. A gaskiya, wannan na nufin cewa Philip ta matsayi a cikin Netherlands za deteriorate gunaguni ƙwarai. Kamar yadda na Ingila, sa'an nan ga ta sha kashi daga cikin Spanish jiragen ruwa shi ne mataki na farko zuwa kãma teku. Domin Furotesta, wannan taron alama karshen fadada daga cikin Habsburg Empire da tartsatsi watsa na Katolika. A idanunsu, shi ne wata alama ce ta Allah. Mutane da yawa da suka rayu a wannan lokaci a cikin Protestant Turai, imani da cewa kawai na sama baki taimake mu jimre wa da flotilla, wanda, a matsayin daya daga cikin Sahaban ce, iska tana da wuya a kai, da kuma teku da aka shẽka karkashin nauyi.