Coral polyps - magina na reefs.

Coral reefs wani abu ne mai mahimmanci saboda ruwa, nau'i-nau'i iri-iri da kuma wajibi ne a cikin yankunansu. Rainforests teku kamar yadda kuma ake kira murjani reefs, watakila mafi m da haske magana na rayuwa a cikin ruwa yanayi.

Suna samar da tsari ga yawancin mazaunan teku, suna zama tushen abinci ga ƙungiyoyi masu yawa, suna samar da taimako daga bakin teku da kuma sassan sassa na tsibirin. Ga wani mutumin murjani reefs suna da muhimmanci ba kawai a matsayin kyakkyawan abubuwa na dabi'a, wanda ya kamata ka ji dadin a lokacin holidays, suka kuma kare ƙirin daga manyan teku tãguwar ruwa daga kwarangwal samar da muhimmanci kayan gini - yashi da farar ƙasa.

An kira coco-ecosystems kantin magani na karni na 21. Bisa ga mahadi masu amfani da aka samu a cikin wannan kwayar halitta, an halicci magunguna da dama ko kuma suna ci gaba: maganin cutar, gurguntawa, kwayar cutar, kwakwalwa, kwakwalwa, da kuma magunguna don maganin cututtukan cututtuka, fuka, ciwon fata, cututtuka.

Kayan coral polyps ya ƙunshi fiye da 6,000 nau'in nau'in. Wadannan invertebrates na ruwa zasu iya kasancewa na asali ko yankuna. Kuma sun bambanta da girman, a gaban ko babu kwarangwal, siffofinsa da abun ciki (calcareous ko proteinaceous). Tsarin gine-gine yana iya kirkiro coral polyps na tsari na Madrepores.

"Gidajen dutse" ba wai kawai wadannan kwayoyin dabba bane. Yawancin polyral polyral suna da dangantaka mai ma'ana tare da algae zooxanthellae wanda ba shi da rai wanda ke zaune a cikin kwayoyin invertebrate. An yi imanin cewa wadannan mazanan autotrophic sun shiga cikin aikin kwarangwal na murjani. Babbar rawar da ake samu a sauran rassan da wasu algae suke yiwa: suna yin ayyuka da dama: sun kirkiro wani sifa mai santsi, cimin da dama da kuma lalata kayan aiki. Wasu dabbobin dabba suna da darajar rifostroenie, wato wakilan iyalai na musamman na mollusks, polychaetes da sponges.

Hanyar ciyar da polyps ne mai ban sha'awa. Game da 90% na Organic abubuwa wanda ya samar da microscopic algae zooxanthellae a kan aiwatar da photosynthesis, aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga rundunar nama. Tsarin na biyu shine ikon waje. Murjãni iya kama da sha pre stunned harbin Kwayoyin hadaya - microscopic zooplankton da kananan kifi.

Kwantaccen polyral na coral zai iya aiwatarwa cikin hanyoyi guda biyu: jima'i da asexual. Rashin rabuwa ga jinsin maza da mata yana faruwa a hanyoyi biyu. Da farko, wanda ake kira "rushewa a cikin iska", spermatozoa da qwai a cikin manyan lambobi ana jefa su a cikin ruwa. A kan murjani mai launi, an kafa "girgije" mai gina jiki, wanda ke janyo hankulan mutane masu yawan gaske da suke cin abinci akan plankton. A hankali larvae na polyps, planules, ana ɗauke da hawan teku. A karo na biyu Hanyar jima'i haifuwa a cikin ruwa fada kawai namiji jima'i Kwayoyin, da yardar kaina iyo kafin saduwa mãtã murjani.

Sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, ta wadannan halittu ne multifaceted: su toho a hanyoyi da dama, giciye-sharing, rarraba, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa kashe karya.

Coral reefs - wani abu na musamman na yanayi, kyakkyawa da mahimmanci, amma, rashin tausayi, abu ne mai banƙyama. "Gidajen dutse" suna da matukar damuwa ga canje-canje a cikin haske, zafin jiki, salinity da gurɓataccen ruwa.

Ayyukan ɗan adam shine daya daga cikin barazanar barazana ga kasancewar mazauna coral, wanda a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an gano su kuma suna mutuwa a cikin wani karin hanzari. Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa kawai a ƙasashe da dama na duniya zasu iya dakatar ko a kalla rage wannan tsari. Kwanan nan, an kafa wurare masu kariya na ruwa inda haɗin gwiwar hukumomi da masana kimiyya suka rage girbin kifaye, kuma ana amfani da matakai na musamman don kare reefs. Har ila yau, akwai kungiyoyi na duniya da ke kokarin magance wannan matsala, suna bunkasa hanyoyi na samfurin gyaran kafa na reefs da kuma kara yawan ci gaban polyral.