Conductive Fabric: tsarin fasali

Kusan duk kwayar kwayoyin an hada da daban-daban na nama. Yana da wani tarin Kwayoyin, irin wannan a cikin tsarin da kowa ayyuka. Domin shuke-shuke da dabbobi, ba su da wannan.

A iri-iri na tsokoki na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

A farko wuri duk yadudduka za a iya raba dabba da kayan lambu. Su ne daban-daban. Bari mu dubi su.

Abin da zai iya zama dabba nama?

Animals ne irin wannan nama iri:

• m.
• murdede.
• epithelial.
• connection.

All amma da farko ya kasu kashi daban. Muscle nama ne m, striated da kuma zuciya. Epithelial kasu kashi guda-lebur, multilayered - dangane da yawan yadudduka, kazalika da cubic, cylindrical da planar - dangane cell siffar. Connective nama haɗa kan bangaskiya iri kamar sako-sako da fiber, m fiber, reticular, jini da kuma Lymph, mai, kashi da guringuntsi.

A iri-iri na shuka kyallen takarda

Shuka kyallen takarda hada da wadannan iri:

• girma.
• sutura.
• conductive zane.
• inji;
• ilimi.

All iri na shuka kyallen takarda hada da dama jinsunan. Saboda haka, babban kamfani assimilation aka adana, ruwa-hali da kuma pneumatic. Rufe masana'anta a hade jinsunan kamar haushi, abin toshe kwalaba da epidermis. By gudanar da nama ne xylem da phloem. Manual ne zuwa kashi collenchyma da sclerenchyma. Don hada da ilimi gefe, apical da intercalary.

All yadudduka yi wasu ayyuka, da kuma sifa yayi dace da rawar da suka yi. Wannan labarin za a yi la'akari mafi conductive masana'anta, da tsarin fasali na ta Kwayoyin. Har ila yau magana game da ayyuka.

Conductive Fabric: tsarin fasali

Wadannan yadudduka kasu kashi biyu iri: da phloem da xylem. Tun da aka biyu kafa daga wannan meristem, a cikin shuka suna located dab da juna. Duk da haka, tsarin da gudanar da kyallen takarda na biyu jinsunan bambanta. Bari mu magana game da iri biyu conductive kyallen takarda.

Ayyuka conductive yadudduka

Su main rawa - da kai daga abubuwa. Duk da haka, da aikin na conductive yadudduka, ba na zuwa wannan nau'in sãɓawa jũna.

Rawar da xylem - dauke da sinadaran da mafita daga tushen har zuwa dukan sauran gabobin da shuka.

A phloem aiki - gudanar da ruwaye a gaban shugabanci - daga takamaiman gabobin da shuka tare da kara saukar zuwa tushen.

Mene ne xylem?

Ta ma ake magana zuwa wani katako. A conductive masana'anta na da irin wannan kunshi biyu daban-daban kade abubuwa: tracheids da kuma tasoshin. Har ila yau, shi ne hada inji abubuwa - itace fiber, da kuma ainihin abubuwan - itace parenchyma.

Mene ne tsarin da xylem Kwayoyin?

Sel conductive masana'anta ya kasu kashi biyu iri: tracheids da kwanoni segments. Tracheids - wannan ne mai matukar dogon keji da tsinke ganuwar, a cikin abin da akwai pores ga kai daga abubuwa.

Na biyu conductive kashi Kwayoyin - wani jirgin ruwa - kunshi dama Kwayoyin, wanda ake kira segments tasoshin. Wadannan Kwayoyin suna shirya daya sama da sauran. A mararraba na segments na wannan jirgin ruwa ne ta hanyar ramukan. Su kira perforations. Wadannan ramuka da suke bukata domin kai na abubuwa ta hanyar tasoshin. Motsi da mafita ga wani iri-iri tasoshin ne da yawa fiye tracheids.

Sel kasance biyu conductive mambobi ne matattu, kuma ba dauke da protoplasts (protoplasts - abun ciki Kwayoyin fãce cell bango, Ina nufin shi ne ainihin jikin tantanin da wasu gabbansa). Protoplasts su nan, kamar yadda idan suka kasance a cikin wani keji domin kai na abubuwa shi zai zama da wuya sosai.

By tasoshin da kuma tracheids mafita iya hawa ba kawai tsaye amma kuma horizontally - zuwa rayuwa Kwayoyin ko makwabtaka conductive abubuwa.

Ganuwar da conductive abubuwa da thickening, wanda ba keji ƙarfi. Dangane da irin bayanan thickenings conductive abubuwa kasu kashi karkace, annelids, tsãni, raga da dot rami.

Inji aiki da kuma ainihin abubuwan da xylem

Itace zaruruwa kuma ake kira librioformom. Wannan elongated tsawon cikin Kwayoyin wanda sun thickened ganuwar odrevesenevshimi. Sun yi da goyon baya aiki na samar da karfin xylem.

Abubuwa na tushe masana'anta a cikin xylem parenchyma gabatar katako. Waɗannan su ne Kwayoyin tare da woody harsashi, wanda yayi sauki pores. Duk da haka, a wuri na parenchyma Kwayoyin na dangane da jirgin ruwa shi ne kẽwayesu je, wanda aka haɗa tare da sauki wani lokacin. Itace parenchyma Kwayoyin, da bambanci, babu komai a tasoshin Kwayoyin. Suna da protoplasts. Xylem parenchyma aikin madadin aiki - a ta kara haja gina jiki.

Abin da ke bambanta da xylem na daban-daban shuke-shuke?

Tun tracheids a juyin halitta ya tashi da yawa a baya fiye da tasoshi, da conductive abubuwa ne da ba a ƙananan ƙasar shuke-shuke. Wannan spore (ferns, mosses, kulob din mosses, horsetails). Mai gymnosperms ma da kawai tracheids. Duk da haka, wasu gymnosperms akwai tasoshin (su ne ba a gnetalians). Har ila yau, a cikin kwarai lokuta, waɗannan abubuwa ne ba, da kuma wasu ferns da horsetails.

Amma angiosperms (flowering) da tsire-tsire duka suna da duka tracheids da kuma tasoshin.

Mene ne phloem?

A conductive masana'anta na irin wannan ne ma ya kira phloem.

Babban ɓangare na phloem - sieve conductive abubuwa. Har ila yau, a cikin rãyuwar tsarin Bast inji abubuwa (phloem zaruruwa) da kuma abubuwa na tushe masana'anta (phloem parenchyma).

Features na da irin wannan conductive masana'anta ta'allaka ne da cewa Kwayoyin sieve abubuwa, kamar yadda tsayayya da conductive abubuwa xylem kasance da rai.

A tsarin da sieve abubuwa

Akwai iri biyu daga cikinsu: sieve Kwayoyin da sieve shambura. A farko miƙa a tsawon kuma sun nuna iyakar. Suna shiga ta hanyar ramukan, ta hanyar abin da akwai kai daga abubuwa. A sieve Kwayoyin suna da mafi m fiye da kwayar sieve abubuwa. Su ne halayyar shuke-shuke kamar spore da gymnosperms.

A angiosperms conductive abubuwa an gabatar sieve shambura, kunsha na wani jam'i na Kwayoyin - na segments na sieve abubuwa. A ta hanyar ramuka na biyu m Kwayoyin samar da wata sieve farantin.

A bambanci ga sieve Kwayoyin, ake magana a tsarin raka'a kwayar conductive abubuwa ne babu core, amma har yanzu suna da rai. An muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin da phloem na angiosperms ma wasa Klek-abokinsu, nahodyatschiesya gaba da kowane cell kashi na sieve abubuwa. A abokin biyu da wasu gabbansa da tsakiya. A cikinsu akwai wani musayar abubuwa.

Ganin cewa phloem sel rai, wannan conductive nama ba zai iya aiki na dogon lokaci. A perennial shuka a lokacin da rayuwa ne uku zuwa shekaru hudu, bayan da sel da jijiyoyin bugun gini nama mutu.

Ƙarin abubuwa na phloem

Bugu da ƙari sieve Kwayoyin ko shambura, akwai kuma abubuwa na masana'anta da kuma inji abubuwa a cikin conductive masana'anta. A karshen suna wakilta Bast (phloem) zaruruwa. Sun yi wani goyan baya aiki. Ba duk tsire-tsire da phloem zaruruwa.

Abubuwa na masana'anta wakilta phloem parenchyma. Ta, kazalika da xylem parenchyma, ya yi aikin a madadin rawa. Yana Stocking abubuwa irin tannins, resins da sauransu. Musamman raya wadannan abubuwa da phloem gymnosperms.

Inner haushi daban-daban jinsunan shuke-shuke

A ƙananan tsire-tsire kamar ferns da mosses, shi ne wakilta sieve Kwayoyin. A wannan ciki haushi shi ne hankula ga mafi yawan gymnosperms.

Angiosperm shuke-shuke da kwayar conductive abubuwa: sieve shambura.

A tsarin da kade-kade tsarin na shuke-shuke

Xylem da phloem suna ko da yaushe shirya gefe da gefe da kuma siffar daure. Dangane da yadda za a iri biyu conductive masana'anta ana shirya zumunta da juna, akwai da dama iri bim. A mafi m na biyu. Suna shirya a irin wannan hanyar da cewa phloem ne a gefe daya daga cikin xylem.

Akwai ma concentric bim. A cikinsu daya conductive masana'anta na kewaye da wani. Sun kasu kashi biyu iri: tsentrofloemnye da tsentroksilemnye.

A conductive masana'anta yana da wani tushen kullum radial bim. Su xylem haskoki karkacewa daga cibiyar, kuma phloem dake tsakanin xylem haskoki.

Na biyu daure ne mafi hankula ga angiosperms da concentric - for spore da gymnosperms.

Kammalawa: A kwatanta iri biyu conductive yadudduka

Kamar yadda a ƙarshe, mun gabatar da wani tebur a wadda rage tsawon muhimman bayanai na iri biyu conductive tsokoki na shuke-shuke.

Yanzu da ka san duk game da gudanar da kyallen takarda shuke-shuke: abin da suka kasance, abin da ayyuka ake yi da kuma yadda za a yi su Kwayoyin.