Complex takardar: tsarin, description, misalai

All shuke-shuke kunshi vegetative da generative gabobin. Last alhakin haifuwa. A angiosperms ne flower. Yana da wani modified mafaka. Vegetative gabobin da tsire-tsire - shi ne tushen tsarin da kuma harbe. A tushen tsarin kunshi wani babban tushen, a kaikaice da kuma more. Wani lokaci da babban tushen iya zama unexpressed. Irin wannan tsarin aka kira fibrous. Mai tushe sanya har na mai tushe, ganye da kuma buds. Mai tushe samar da sufuri da na abubuwa, da kuma nuna goyon baya ga matsayin da shuka. Kodan ne alhakin da samuwar sabuwar harbe, da kuma furanni. List - mafi muhimmanci sashin jiki da shuka, tun da shi ne alhakin photosynthesis.

Yadda yake aiki

Simple da fili ganye kunshi dama iri kyallen takarda. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

A cikin sharuddan histology

Sama ne da sutura nama - da epidermis. Wannan Layer kauri a daya ko biyu Kwayoyin tare da m membranes zubar sosai kusa da juna. Wannan masana'anta takardar kare daga inji lalacewa, da kuma hana wuce kima evaporation na ruwa daga cikin jiki. Bugu da kari, da epidermis ne da hannu a cikin gas musayar. Don yin wannan, a cikin nama ba stomata.

A saman epidermis ne wani ƙarin m Layer, wanda ya kunshi mai kakin zuma, da shafi jefarwa da nama Kwayoyin.

Ƙarƙashin epidermis ne columnar, ko assimilation parenchyma. Wannan asali masana'anta takardar. Yana daukan sanya aiwatar da photosynthesis. parenchymal Kwayoyin suna shirya tsaye. Sun ƙunshi manyan yawan chloroplast.

By dacewa masana'anta shi ne conductive takardar tsarin da spongy parenchyma. Conductive Fabric - a xylem da phloem. A farko kunshi da tasoshin - matattu Kwayoyin alaka tsaye da juna ba tare da ciwon a kwance baffles. By xylem ruwa da abubuwa narkar da a cikinta ake kawota cikin takardar daga tushen. Phloem aka hada da sieve shambura - elongation rayuwa Kwayoyin. By wannan conductive masana'anta mafita ana hawa, a akasin haka, daga cikin leaf ga tushen.

Spongy nama alhakin gas musayar kuma ruwa evaporation.

Aka jera a ar yadudduka da epidermis ne m. Ya kuma, kamar saman, yana mai m aiki. Shi ma yana da wani stoma.

tsarin ganye

Yana fita daga tushe petiole, wanda shi ne mai ƙayyadadden ajali lamina da - da babban rabo daga cikin takardar. Daga kara zuwa gefuna da ganye jijiyoyinmu ta tafi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, mahadi da ta kara ne stipules. Nagartaccen ganye, misalai na wanda za a tattauna a kasa, ana shirya sabõda haka wanda leaf petiole ne da dama faranti.

Mene ne ganye

Dangane da tsarin za a iya gano sauki da kuma fili ganye. Simple kunshi guda farantin. Complex takardar - daya cewa kunshi mahara faranti. Yana za a iya bambanta a tsarin.

Iri leaf

Akwai da dama iri. Dalilai ka raba su cikin jinsin iya zama a matsayin yawan faranti, da siffar da gefuna da faranti da kuma samar da takardar. Ya zo a cikin biyar iri.

Leaf siffar - kamar yadda ya faru

Akwai wasu iri shi:

• arrowhead.
• m.
• zobe-dimbin yawa.
• Ƙirgar.
• zuciya-dimbin yawa.
• fan-dimbin yawa (Semi-madauwari takardar).
• ishãra.
• allura.
• sandan-dimbin yawa (triangular takardar, kulla da kara a saman).
• hastate (kaifi da zangarniya).
• spatulate.
• lobed (takardar kasu kashi a jam'i na ruwan wukake).
• lanceolate (tsawo, da fadi da takardar a tsakiyar).
• obratnolantsetovidnaya (sama na takardar ne da fadi fiye da kasa);
• obratnoserdtsevidnaya (zuciya-siffa takardar lazimta kara kaifi karshen).
• rhomboid.
• jinjirin wata.

A hadaddun takardar iya samun wani daga cikin faranti siffofin.

Form faranti gefuna

Wannan shi ne wani factor da ta sa shi yiwuwa a faye hali fili ganye.

Dangane da siffar da gefuna da faranti ganye ne na biyar iri:

• toothed.
• crenate.
• serrate.
• zira kwallon.
• kaifi.

Sauran iri fili ganye

Dangane da yawan faranti da su tsari, wadannan iri leaf:

• palmate.
• pinnate.
• dvuperistye.
• trifoliate.
• perstonadreznye.

A palmate fili bar duk faranti diverge tare da radius daga tushe, kama ta bayyanar yatsu.

Pinnate ganye da ganye faranti shirya tare da kara. Sun kasu kashi biyu iri: paripinnate kuma pinnate. A farko akwai da apical farantin, da lambar da ke ninkin biyu. A m-pinnate apical farantin ne ba.

A dvuperistyh leaf faranti aka shirya tare da sakandare petioles. Wadanda, bi da bi, suna a haɗe zuwa babban.

Trifoliate da uku ruwan wukake.

Perstonadreznye kamar feathery ganye.

fili bar - su venation

Akwai ta uku iri:

• A layi daya. Jijiyoyinmu ne a ko'ina daga tushe takardar ta zuwa ga gefuna fadin farantin.
• Arc. Jijiyoyinmu ba tafi daidai, amma a cikin nau'i na wani baka.
• Net. An kasu kashi uku subspecies: radial, palmate da peristonervnoe. A radial venation takardar yana da uku da manyan jijiyoyinmu wanda miƙa daga wasu. Palmate halin fiye da uku main jijiyoyinmu cewa ana raba kusa da tushe daga cikin petiole. Lokacin da peristonervnom takardar yana daya manyan jijiya, wanda tashi daga wasu.

Mafi sau da yawa hadaddun takardar yana da wani reticulate venation.

Tsari na ganye a kan zangarniya

Dukansu sauki da kuma fili ganye za a iya shirya a hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai hudu iri wurare:

• Whorled. A ganye suna a haɗe a kan uku daga cikinsu to kunkuntar kara - whorl. Suna iya zama giciye, kowane dangi zuwa gabanin whorl juya 90 digiri. Shuke-shuke da irin wannan tsari ganye ne elodea, hankaka ta ido.
• Rosette. All ganye ne a daidai tsawo da kuma shirya a cikin da'irar. Wadannan kwasfa da agave, Chlorophytum.
• Bi da bi (Regular). A ganye suna a haɗe, daya ga kowane kumburi. Saboda haka suna located a Birch, pelargonium, apple, ya tashi.
• M. Tare da irin wannan tsari a kowane kumburi da aka located a biyu zanen gado. Kowane kumburi ne yawanci juya dangi zuwa gabanin daya ta 90 digiri. Har ila yau, da ganye za a iya shirya a jeri biyu ba tare da juyawa da aka gyara. Misalai na shuke-shuke da irin wannan tsari ganye ne Mint, Jasmine, Lilac, fuchsia, matattu-nettle.

A farko iri biyu leaf tsari hali na shuke-shuke da sauki ganye. Amma karshen iri biyu za su shafi fili ganye.

misalai na shuke-shuke

Yanzu bari mu dubi daban daban iri fili ganye, tare da misalai. Suka emit Yã isa zama adadin. Shuke-shuke da hadaddun ganye iya zama daban-daban da rayuwar siffofin. Yana iya zama bushes da itatuwa.

A sosai na kowa shuka tare da fili bar - ash. Wannan iyali na zaitun, da aji na bipartite, Department of angiosperms. Suna da fili bar imparipinnate, da ciwon bakwai zuwa goma sha biyar faranti. Form yankin - kaya. Venation - raga. Ash ganye suna amfani da magani a matsayin diuretic.

A daukan hankali misali daga cikin daji tare da hadaddun iya kira rasberi ganye. Wadannan shuke-shuke da ganye imparipinnate da uku zuwa bakwai faranti a kan dogon stalks. venation irin - peristonervnoe. A siffar da takardar baki - crenate. Rasberi ganye suna amfani da jama'a magani. Sun ƙunshi abubuwa da cewa suna da anti-mai kumburi sakamako.

Wani itace da fili bar - Rowan. Bar ta paripinnate. Number of faranti - game da goma sha. Venation - peristonervnoe.

Wadannan misali - a Clover. Yana yana da wani hadadden trifoliate ganye. Venation Clover raga. A siffar da takardar baki - kaifi. Bugu da ƙari kuma Clover trifoliate bar ma ya bobovnik.

Fili ya bar ma na da shuka a matsayin Albitius. Yana yana dvuperistye ganye.

Wani misali na mai shuka da hadaddun ganye - itacen ƙirya. Wannan daji yana da wani reticulate venation. Form ƙasa - duka. Sheet Type - dvuperistye. Number faranti - daga goma sha guda.

Wani da shuka da fili bar - strawberries. Sheet Type - trifoliate. Venation - raga. Wadannan ganye suna kuma amfani da maganin gargajiya. Yawancin lokaci, atherosclerosis da sauran jijiyoyin bugun gini cututtuka.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda a ƙarshe, mun gabatar da wani tebur rungumar wani hadadden ganye.

A nan mun yi nazari a kan tsarin da fili ganye, ta iri, misalai na shuke-shuke da cewa mallake su.