Modified shuka harbe

Harbe na shuke-shuke suna dukar a su bambancin da bambancinsa. Duk da haka, muhalli da yanayi sau da yawa bukatar da wakilan mulkin na sabuwar na'urorin. Modified harbe iya yi ƙarin ayyuka. Kamar haka suka samar da wata babbar fahimcin muhimmancin da kwayoyin.

Gyara na karkashin kasa masu gudu

Metamorphosis na wadannan na iya zama ƙasa ko zama karkashin kasa. Modified karkashin kasa da harbe su ne mafi kowa da kuma yadu samuwa a yanayi.

Daya daga cikinsu shi ne rhizome. Kuma da sunan, da kuma bayyanar da shi da kama wani tushen. Amma, sabanin boye jiki kunshi elongated internodes da nodes. Tushen a kan tushe located adventitious buds daga wanda da farko na sharadi gwargwado girma ganye. A nodes suna located kuma adventitious asalinsu. Elongated kwance kara ne a karkashin kasa, inda zafin jiki canje-canje da fari kasa da tasiri a rayuwa da shuka. A samar da ruwa da kuma gina jiki ƙwarai qara chances na rayuwa a shuka kwayoyin.

Mutane da yawa da fuskantar halin da ake ciki inda ka bukatar ka rabu da m wheatgrass dauke da overgrown furannin kwarin, ko wasu shuke-shuke da rhizome. Yana da ba haka sauki. Modified harbe girma da karfi, su sassa sukan bar a cikin ƙasa, forming sabon harbe. Amma, a daya hannun, wannan ikon ne sau da yawa amfani vegetative yaduwa daga shuke-shuke.

tuber

Tuber - modified gudun hijira, wanda shi ne ma a karkashin kasa da kuma Stores gina jiki. Kowane mutum ne saba da dankalin turawa, tuber wanda suke al'amurran tattalin arziki muhimmanci. Su tara mai yawa sitaci.

Wasu kuskure yi imani da cewa mutated 'ya'yan mafaka. A gaskiya, da dankalin turawa, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna kafa a sama-ƙasa harbe bayan flowering. Tuber aka thickened kara da apical kuma a kaikaice buds - idanu. Germinating, idanu samar da harbe.

Elongated oblong da ephemeral harbe ma kira stolons.

Tsire-tsire kamar crocus da kuma gladiolus da corms - a thickened kara da adventitious asalinsu. Yana kare ciki abinda ke ciki corms Layer na matattu ganye.

kwan fitila

Albasa, tafarnuwa, Lily da Tulip da daban-daban gyara - albasa. A cikin lebur zangarniya kira Donets, akwai buds. Daga gare su ne masu tasowa da dama iri sikelin-kamar ganye. Wasu daga cikin su ne lokacin farin ciki da fleshy. Su adana ruwa tare da gina jiki, da samar da shuka rayuwa. A saman su filmy kare bushe ganye. Daga dormant buds girma a kan Donets, matasa albasa ganye, da ake kira kore da albasarta. Kwararan fitila ne ma halayyar da steppe halitta sashi na shuke-shuke. A sanyi hunturu kadan snow da zafi bushe bazara wannan canji damar shuka a karkashin kasa a cikin irin wannan hanya don tsira m lokaci.

Sama-ƙasa gyara harbe

Modified shuka harbe za a iya samu sama da ƙasa. Saboda haka, a kan rassan hawthorn da blackthorn ne ƙaya - taqaitaccen da modified lignified harbe. Su ne sakamakon sashe da kuma tapering zangarniya, dogara kare su masu daga ana cinye ta dabbobi. Shuke-shuke da ƙayayuwa da dadi, m 'ya'yan itace da haske launi, don haka da karin kariya da shi ne cikakken zama dole.

Strawberries, kuma strawberry da wani ƙarin na'urar ga vegetative yaduwa - harbe elongated gashin baki. Su suna gyarawa a cikin ƙasa, kafa sabuwar shuka.

Gashin baki ya kamata ba za a rude da gashin baki inabi. Suna da mabanbanta aiki. Tare da antennae shuka ne lazimta da goyon baya, shan mafi m matsayin dangi zuwa da rana. Irin wannan tsari ne ma hankula kabewa, kokwamba, kankana.

Gyare-gyare harbe zuwa ga girma

Dangane da girma yanayi harbe kuma za a iya modified. A woody da herbaceous shuke-shuke sun fi na kowa kafa mai tushe, wajen rana. Masu rarrafe, da masu rarrafe mai tushe suna girma cikin sauri, kafet da surface na kasar gona sprouts da ganye. Yana bayar da su tare da m zama. Shuke-shuke da curly mai tushe kira lianas. Su ne halayyar wurare masu zafi da kuma gumi Equatorial gandun daji, ko da yake sau da yawa ci karo a temperate zones. Domin kayyade zuwa support lianas amfani da musamman kayayyakin: hooks, majajjawa bristles.

A ciki tsarin da shoot gyare-gyare

Duk da waje bambance-bambance, daban-daban gyare-gyare riƙe duk da fasali na ciki tsarin. Alal misali, dankalin turawa, tuber, kasancewa thicker kara, aka rufi a kan saman ɓawon burodi. Shi ke nan, mu tsaftace kashe a lokacin da peeling dankali. A tsaye sashe na tuber ne a fili a bayyane duhu band - itace. Amma a core, sako-sako da tamkar nama, rayayye dakatarda kayayyakin gina jiki.

Idan tubers na dogon lokaci zuwa bar haske a kan, suka fara juya kore. Wannan ya nuna cewa colorless plastids leucoplasts, wanda tara da sitaci, a cikin haske juya zuwa kore plastids chloroplast. Wannan samfurin kamata ba za a cinye domin ya ƙunshi mai guba alkaloid solanine ga jiki, haddasa guba.

Ayyuka modified harbe

Yana modified harbe su ne da alhakin rayuwa na shuke-shuke a karkashin m yanayi. Hannun jari muhimmanci na gina jiki, su ba da damar shuke-shuke da tsira a sau na fari. Biennials da kuma Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana tsira kawai godiya ga gaban kwararan fitila da kuma rhizomes. Da ganye, wanda ya bayyana a kan surface a cikin bazara da kuma girma duk lokacin rani, da farko na kaka da sanyi ya mutu. Amma boye wani ɓangare na rayuwa, cin kaya thickened tushe. Da zuwan zafi shuka girma dawo a sake.

Mutane da yawa gyare-gyare suna gudu don vegetative yaduwa, kara yawan shuke-shuke da sauri isa. Wannan yanayin ne yadu amfani da mutum a cikin aikin noma.

Asalin da flower

Flower - modified mafaka. Tabbatar da wannan al'amari mai sauqi qwarai. Yana tasowa daga qware generative buds. Halayyar siffofin da wannan ɓangare na shoot samun yin mafi muhimmanci ƙarin aiki - na jima'i haifuwa na shuke-shuke. A saboda wannan dalili da kuma bukatar a flower. Tserewa modified da yawa taqaitaccen kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada mai tushe. Its main sassa ne stamen da pistil, waxanda suke da jam sel - maniyyi da kwai bi da bi. The haske launuka na flower petals ake bukata don jawo hankalin pollinating kwari. Kananan furanni suna tattara a cikin wani rukuni - Inflorescence. Saboda haka suna da yawa fiye da bayyane, kuma su kamshi shimfidawa karfi.

Bayan pollination da kuma hadi kan-site flower kafa tayi. Ya kunshi tsaba da kuma pericarp. Da tsaba ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani sabon shuka, da kuma pericarp amfanin jiki da kuma warms su.

Bugu da kari, cikin flower - shi ne mai modified shoot, wanda na ƙarni ba mutane na ado yarda, yin ishãra kasida da kuma masu kida.

Modified harbe su ne daya daga cikin manyan kayayyakin aiki, na mafi girma shuke-shuke zuwa muhalli da yanayi. A kan aiwatar da juyin halitta suka bayyana inganta viability na shuka kwayoyin dangane da wajibcin sabon fasali a taba-canza yanayin rayuwa.