Gabas Afirka Plateau. Inda yake da gabas Afirka Plateau?

Gabas Afirka Plateau aka located zuwa kudu maso yammacin na "kusurwar Afrika" - Somaliya Larabawa, kudu da Habasha tsaunuka. The sauƙi wannan sararin ƙasa ne karfi dissected. Ga, mafi girma dutse kololuwa ake hada tare da zurfin kwaruruka na Great Rift Valley. Crustal motsi yana tare da raurawar asa da volcanic eruptions. Kusan dukan yanki ne a subequatorial yanayin zone.

Gabas Afirka tsaunuka: nazarin a cikin XIX karni

A tashe ɓangare na nahiyar ga mutane da yawa ƙarni An talauci karatu. Ko da yake tsararru Kilimanjaro katunan aikatã zuwa wani Talomi (II-III karni BC). Ya ruwaito a wani snow-rufe dutse ganiya kusa ekweita matuƙan da 'yan kasuwa a tsakiyar zamanai. Mulkin mallaka fragmentation kange din bincike yanki.

Asalinsu ɓangare na ƙasa, wanda yake da girma ganiya a Afirka, mallakar Birtaniya. Akwai version cewa a 1889 Birtaniya Sarauniya Victoria ya ba da Sarkin sarakuna na Jamus Wilhelm II (dan dan'uwansa), da most dormant aman wuta a Afrika - Kilimanjaro. Up har 1918, shi ne na kowa a Turai, kuma aka sani da ta mazugi - "The ganiya na Kaiser Wilhelm". Kimiyya Elite ya nuna sha'awar nazarin wannan yanki a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karshe daga cikin XIX karni, a lokacin da ya hau Kibo Jamus Hans Meyer. Tun daga nan, ba bushe da ya kwarara daga masana kimiyya da kuma yawon bude ido da suke so su ganin giant volcanoes, kyau tabkuna, m sasanninta yanayi. A Tanzania, Kenya da kuma sauran Gabas kasashen Afirka wajen bunkasa sha'anin yawon shakatawa, ya haifar da kudaden shiga.

A ma'aunan kasa tsarin da Gabashin Afrika

A bambanci, Asia da kuma America, a cikin wannan bangare na duniya mika wani ridges na folded duwãtsu, wanda aka bayyana da ma'aunan kasa tarihi da kuma tsarin da Duniya ta ɓawon burodi. A mafi dagagge sama da matakin da tekuna, fragmented da kuma mobile naúrar - gabashin Afrika Plateau. A tsawo na mafi yawan ƙasa - daga 500 zuwa 1500 m tushe sanya up na zamanin d crystalline da metamorphic kankara, su shekaru - .. More fiye da biliyan 2 years old. A tushe ne Precambrian dandali gutsure pramaterika Gondwana. A sedimentary cover kafa surface. A Cenozoic zamanin nan akwai gagarumin canjawa ta duniya ɓawon burodi, kuma a karshe mataki na dutsen gini akwai mafi girma a duniya Laifi zone kuma Yanã ɗaukar.

A cikakkar tsawo na gabashin Afirka tsaunuka a kan 1000 m. A dukan ƙasar da aka halin high girgizar kasa aiki, da raurawar asa, volcanic aiki an kiyaye zamani. A total tsawon daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a duniya na tectonic disturbances daga arewa zuwa kudu ne 6000 km. Laifinsu zo daga Near East da Red Sea. A Afirka, da suka fara a arewa maso gabashin kwarin Danakil kuma ƙare a kudu kusa da bakin kogi. Zambezi.

Gwargwadon matsayi

High sararan kasa - gabashin Afrika Filato - a kan taswira rufe sararin yanki na nahiyar, wanda shi ne a cikin yankin arewacin crosses ekweita. Zuwa yamma ya ta'allaka ne da Congo tasa.

A tsawon na Habasha tsaunuka zuwa Lake Nyasa (arewa zuwa kudu) ne 1750 km. Daga yammacin baki zuwa tekun Indiya Coast -1400 km. A yankin na kan tudu da aka located gabashin duwatsu Ruwenzori da Virunga tsararru. A mafi kololuwa na Cones da nan gefe da gefe da zurfin tectonic laifinsu, kwaruruka. A wannan yanki ne asalin babban watersheds da waɗansu kõguna na Afirka (Congo, Nile, Zambezi). A ƙasa nasa ne daban-daban a jihohin nahiyar: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi.

Features na taimako halitta yanki

Babban kololuwa na gabashin Afirka Filato - shi ne aiki da kuma dormant volcanoes:

• Kilimanjaro (5895 m).
• Kenya (5199 m).
• Awo (4565 m).
• Elgon (4320 m).

A mafi dutsen nahiyar - Kilimanjaro, shi ne located in Tanzaniya. Local mutane kira shi "White Mountain," "House of Allah, qazanta da sanyi." Shining farin dusar ƙanƙara da glaciers na Kilimanjaro ne bayyane ga daruruwan kilomita. Dome duwãtsu kafa na uku kololuwa: a tsakiyar - Kibo (5696 m), Oriental - Mawenzi (5149 m), Western - Shire (3962 m). Gabas Afirka Plateau yana da muhimmanci reserves ruwan sha. M tectonic ciki bautar m (80 m) tafkin Victoria Basin - mafi girma a nahiyar da kuma na biyu sabo-ruwa tafki yanki a duniya. Tsayinsa saman teku matakin ne 1134 m A wannan yanki akwai wasu kwantena na sabo ruwa -. Lake Tanganyika, Rudolph, Edward, mai tsayi glaciers.

ma'adanai

A Eastern Afirka, da crystal Tsarin suke kusa da surface, sa shi sauki don bincika, bincike da kuma samar da karfe ores, da duwatsu masu daraja. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na daban-daban siffofin sauƙi aka mamaye ba ne kawai cikin tsofaffin duwatsu. Akwai matasa sedimentary da volcanic tsarin. Wannan bangare na babban yankin, inda gabashin Afrika tsaunuka, arziki a magmatic, metamorphic, sedimentary kankara, ma'adanai. Jerin cirewa ma'adanai:

• da baƙin ƙarfe, da kuza, ores.
• Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama (zinariya), da kuma rare karafa.
• lu'u-lu'u adibas:
• m dutse tanzanite .
• kwal.
• fluorite.

A bambancin da yanayi Gabas Afirka tsaunuka

wannan filin babban yankin sauyin yanayi ne ya rinjayi Equatorial kuma wurare masu zafi iska talakawa kafa yanayi - rigar da bushe. A gindin aman wuta, ta tekun Indiya, hazo ne fiye da yammacin gangara. Gabas Afirka Plateau - shi ne tuddanta, kuma plateaus, wanda aka mamaye savannas da Woodlands. Plantation albarkatu kara zuwa wani tsawon 1800 m Hankula shuke-shuke -. Ciyawa, shrubs, guda baobabs, laima itacen da sauran itatuwa. A dabba mulkin Gabashin Afrika aka mamaye herbivorous ungulates, dabbobi masu cin nama, ruwa da tsuntsaye.

A savannas tashi gine-gine na tururuwan, sau da yawa samu macizai, kadangaru da tortoises. A arewa na Tanzaniya lullube sararin volcanic tsaunuka da kuma duniya-sanannen bakin dutse (Caldara) Ngorongoro diamita na 22 km. A kasa - Lake Magadi, Savannah Muciya Reserve na wannan sunan. A wannan bangare na nahiyar (yamma da bakin dutse Ngorongoro tsaunuka) is located Olduvai Gorge, inda ragowar tsoho mutane da aka samu da suka rayu miliyan 2. Shekaru da suka wuce, da kwarangwal na dabbobi kashe su, m dutse da gatura da scrapers.

Volcanoes, kuma savannas na Afirka janyo hankalin babban adadin yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya. The most kwarara da aka shigar lokacin daga Yuni zuwa watan Satumba. Domin binciken da kiyayewa da dukan bambancin da yanayi, ecotourism kungiyar a gabashin Afrika tsaunuka halitta manyan kasa Parks da kuma reserves.