Classicism: definition. Classicism a wallafe-wallafen

Classicism bayyana a Turai art a cikin 17th karni. Yana wanzu, kullum gwamnatin, har cikin karni na 19th. A wannan lokacin, da shugabanci ya wuce dama, saukarwa:

• Farkon classicism.
• M classicism.
• High classicism (daular).

Tabbatar da dalilin da gargajiya gine aka farko damuwa, amma daga baya ya shafa da fanni na adabi, zanen, sassaka da sauran art ƙungiyoyi. Wannan salon ya maye gurbin pompous kuma izuwa Rococo da Empire, bi da bi, aka maye gurbinsu da eclecticism, har ma fiye da taushi da kuma sauki.

architecture

Tabbatar da dalilin da gargajiya gine sanya farko a kan tushen da rarrabe fasali na zane na gine-gine, da na ruwan dare na haduwa da fari da arziki da kuma Tsayayyar launuka, kamar zinariya, ruwan hoda, haske blue, kore, zumurrudu. Line a classicism taka muhimmiyar rawa. Su ne m, maimaita a cikin ƙawa da wasu taki da kuma tsari, facades da kuma sauran abubuwa na tsakaitã juna takaita.

Forms bayyanannu, m, na lissafi. Overall ra'ayi na Tsarin da abubuwa - ne ƙarfi, kwanciyar hankali, monumental, na lissafi.

A halayyar fasali na gine-gine

Rarrabe siffofin da abubuwa, wanda za a iya gane a cikin tsarin wannan style: Bas-reliefs, medallions rubũtacce a cikin da'irar, ba tare da ya wuce kima wuya, da za a iya saka a kan rufin da mutummutumai. A wuri mai faɗi zane, kazalika da zane na baranda m gargajiya rotunda da ɗakin. Manyan ginshikan, ba santsi. A pilasters ba rikitarwa, kuma ba ma kowanne kofa. Shi ne kullum halayyar da style - kange kuma matsakaici kayan ado. Sau da yawa akwai mutummutumai a kan gine-gine kewaye da su da kuma, a cikin gidãjen Aljanna da a cikin ciki. Alamu suna kama a cikin filaye da tsoho. Wannan shi ne ma'ana, ba cewa na gargajiya style girma daga takamaiman wurare na Renaissance. Don high classicism (Empire), wanda za a iya yi cikinsa a Faransa a zamanin mulkin Napoleon na, halin da soja da muradi a cikin kayan ado, tambura, isharori da sauran alamomin na iko.

A mafi m definition of wani gargajiya magana da yawa ayyukan gine-ginen kamar Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Inigo Dzhons, Andrea Palladio. A mafi hankula gine-gine: Villa Rotonda, Osterley Park, kwastan outpost library Fleming.

zane

Tabbatar da dalilin da classicism a cikin zane samar da halayyar siffofin nuna a kasa. Babban launuka: m, da fari, da launin toka. Lines ayan shiryar da yawa gatura, na fure kayayyaki. Lissafi siffofi: cubes, rectangles, parallelepipeds. Sau da yawa akwai porticos, ginshikan, ɗan ɗakin. A windows ne rectangular, elongated zuwa sama, kunkuntar da kuma high. Doors ne ma rectangular, kunkuntar da tsayi, a wani m portal, yawanci gable. Halayyar abubuwa - ginshikan, sculptures, friezes, tsoho motifs, spiers, obelisks. Rarrabe siffofin - rigor, sauki da kuma ladabi a ko'ina. Bisa ga wadannan halaye ta riga yiwu ba maanar style.

Classicism a cikin zane daga cikin mafi cikakken wakilci a cikin ayyukan da Scot Robert Adam, wanda, duk da haka, ba ta san shi quite peculiar, wanda ya sa aka yi ta tsananta ta wurin 'yan'uwanmu Sahaban. Amma da aristocracy na lokacin farincikin soma ta ciki, wadda ne kusan ba na baya a ƙawa da ladabi da Rococo. Adam musamman disclaims wani abubuwa da cewa wasa ne kawai wani ado rawa, ba dauke da wani aikin load.

Hankula zane abubuwa

Furniture wannan style ciki High-quality, m da kuma matsayi, shakka magana game da matsayin da mai a cikin al'umma, amma ba "kururuwa" game da shi. An yi lafiya itace. Su ne duk lokacin da a Vogue a cikin ciki. Mahogany da tagulla gama ya zama mafi mashahuri. Shi ya zama mashahuri da kuma wani girmamawa a kan itace irin zane, sau da yawa amfani sassaka bangarori da kuma abun da ake sakawa a kan daban-daban abubuwa na furniture da ganuwar. A kayan ado da aka yi tsada abubuwa, amma quite sauki. A Lines sun zama mafi kai tsaye, siffar - sauki. Furniture Ƙafafunsu miƙaƙƙu ne, da surface - mafi ko. Yadudduka ma tsada:, da adalashi. Su sukan yi wa ado da na fure alamu. Chandeliers da lighting maras motsi da shige da definition of classicism, m, amma ado da crystal rataye. A ciki ne da yawa na ain, madubai, crystal, gilashin.

duniya adabi

Fransua De Malherbe zama na farko da su yi amfani da fasali na gargajiya style a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Tabbatas da shugabanci a cikin wannan yanki za a iya ba a kan tushen da poetic canons, tsara ta shahara Faransa. A wannan lokacin, da ganiya kai a baya nau'o'i irin mutane suke so kamar yadda wata almara, satire da kuma comedy. Babban muradi a ban mamaki ayyukan zamanin ya rikici tsakanin ciki ji da kuma son zũciyõyin mutum da kuma aikinsa na zamantakewa wajibi. Domin litattafan shi ne hankula musayar harshe, amfani a cakude.

A gaskiya ma, wani tunani na duk ra'ayoyin da haske zama classicism a wallafe-wallafe. Ma'ana shi za a iya ba bisa ga ayyukan Voltaire. Ya halitta ayyuka a cikin zuciyar darajar da cewa wakiltar wani free mutumin da ya ji da kuma gogewa. Addini jigogi recedes a cikin bango. Haka kuma, a wasu ayyuka, ta ko soki.

Dalilin da adabi da wannan salon - kyautata na duniya, da canza ta ga mafi alhẽri, sake fasalin kudin da reorganization daidai da na gargajiya dokokin.

Rasha adabi

A Rasha adabi, classicism kawo Lomonosov. Ya ɓullo da ka'idar "uku styles", wanda ya kasance wani karbuwa daga cikin dokokin Malerba. Works da shige da definition of classicism a Rasha adabi halitta Fonvizin, Kantemir, Lomonosov, Derzhavin da ta dace.

Kamar yadda wani Turai, Rasha classicism ɓullo da a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da ra'ayoyi da haske. Equality da kuma tabbatar da adalci ana sa na farko. The mutum mutumin da aka hana na musamman da mutum halaye, da kuma wakiltar da wani sa na dindindin siffofin da cewa embody wani zaman jama'a, ko na ruhaniya sojojin.

zanen

Mai cikakken dace a karkashin da definition na gargajiya aiki a wannan yanki - "The School of Athens" da Raphael. Yana da cikakken bayyanar da duk siffofin da wannan ra'ayi a cikin zanen. A core na kwarara a nan shi ne a scrupulous nazari da kuma amfaninsa ayyuka da artists na Renaissance. Ƙirƙiri ayyuka a na gargajiya jigogi: yadda na ainihi da kuma yau da kullum da kuma mythological.

Pompeii tono taimaki artists don Masana kwarai tsoho kerawa. Wannan ya canza definition of classicism a art, Ya hũra a cikinsa shi wani sabon numfashi. wannan sabon abu ne da aka sani a matsayin neo-classicism a kasashe da dama a duniya.