Class Insects: misalai, iri, siffofin

Kwari, misalai da kuma halaye na wanda a yanzu mun kwatanta - mafi girma a kungiyar dukkan halittun da zauna wannan duniya tamu. Ya qunshi game da 80% na jimlar yawan jinsin dabbobi. Fiye da miliyan daya jinsin yana da wani rukuni kamar kwari. Misalai da aka sani zuwa kimiyya - ba dukan jinsuna cewa wanzu a yanayi. Zai yiwu a matsayin yawa tukuna da za a gano. Aka bayyana da yawa daga burbushin da suke dashi m siffofin bayyanãwa da juyin halitta na yau 29 raka'a, wanda ya kasu kashi kwari. Misalai na zamani iri da za a tattauna a wannan labarin. Mai burbushin nasa ne da Lower Carboniferous (345 miliyan. Years da suka wuce). A wannan lokaci da sararin marshy gandun daji riga sanaki winged kwari.

ubiquitous dabbobi

Ko da a cikin teku na live kwari. Misalan wadannan iri, duk da haka, suna 'yan. Wasu daga cikin su zauna a kan surface, yayin da wasu da ake samu a cikin intertidal zone, kuma daya jinsin ko na zaune a kan seabed. Amma duk inda ya shiga cikin gindin duk sauran dabbobi, akwai, lalle zã bayyana da kuma kwari - ko dai a matsayin mai free-nau'i ko kamar yadda parasites wasu kwayoyin. Kwari, ba shakka, - da rinjaye nau'i na rayuwa daga Arctic zuwa ekweita. Wasu daga cikin su rayuwa karkashin dusar ƙanƙara da kankara, da sauran - a cikin hamadar, da sauransu - a gishiri da tabkuna da kuma maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi. kwaro duniya ne sosai bambancin. A kudancin California, da akwai ko da wani gardama (Psilopa petrolei), wanda ciyarwa mafi ransa a puddles na man fetur. Daya daga cikin manyan dalilan ci gaba da kwari - su ikon tashi.

A ikon tashi

Da ban da wani yawan m siffofin, mafi kwari suna motsi da yardar kaina a cikin iska, kyale su su bincika sababbin wuraren kiwon kubuce da yara, sami abokan da kuma samun abinci mafi saukin fiye da suka gudanar da flightless invertebrate dangi. Wasu daga cikinsu ma kama ganima, a cikin iska. Ko da yake ta ci gaba da kwari da kuma dole tashi, da rabo daga jiki nauyi zuwa reshe yanki ne cewa a rubuce kamata su ba su tashi. A gaskiya ma, cikin tsokoki fikafikansu samar da kuma sayar da makamashi a wani gagarumin gudun. High mita kai samame Rama karanci daga.

Girma na kwari da kuma rawar da suka taka a cikin juyin flourishing

Girma kwari sun kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a juyin halittar su wadata. A lõkacin da suka kawai ya bayyana game da miliyan 350 da suka wuce, da yanayi na zama ne reminiscent na yanzu. Kwari ƙware free yau, iyalinsu muhalli maharibai. Wannan bayyana gwada da kananan size of su (raunata san m dragonflies tare da wingspan na zuwa 76 cm), za su iya tsira kuma riɓaɓɓanya a cikin yanayi unfavorable domin ya fi girma dabbobi.

m kwari

An yi imani da cewa kwari suna sauko daga kakanninsa, irin wannan millipedes, da abin da suka bambanta da yafi by gaban kawai uku nau'i-nau'i daga wata gabar jiki. Kowane biyu ne a haɗe zuwa daya kashi na nono (tsakiyar sashi na jiki). A mafi m na zamani siffofin - wadannan ne wingless kwari, misalai na wanda sun hada da hudu hari sõyayya a karkashin sunan Apterygota. Duk wasu da fuka-fuki da ake kira a matsayin Pterygota. Springtails da protura faru, tabbas daga wanda yake a kama diplura, amma duka biyu kungiyoyin sun samo asali a cikin daban-daban kwatance. Domin springtails halin da musamman cokali mai yatsu a ciki, shi abubuwa kamar maɓuɓɓugar da kuma damar waɗannan dabbobi tsalle da kyau. Protura da babu antennae, da kuma wasu daga cikin ayyuka ne forelimbs.

Babban kungiyoyin da kungiyoyin na winged kwari

An muhimmanci mataki a cikin juyin halitta ya ci gaba da samuwar kwari fuka-fuki da ikon tashi. Raka'a biyu - mayflies da dragonflies, wadanda wakilansu ba sa fuka-fuki a kan baya a lokacin sauran, suna da ha in Palaeoptera kungiyar (drevnekrylyh). Kwari da ciwon wannan ikon samar Neoptera kungiyar (novokrylyh). Bakwai teams suna dauke da mafi m na Neoptera. Suna halin a fairly sauki mouthparts. Bugu da kari, shi ne yafi herbivorous kwari. Misalai: The earwigs (hoton sama), wanda tururuwai suka gina, kyankyasai, kuma Mantis et al detachment stoneflies - kaikaice reshe da yawa tsaoho siffofin .. Ƙungiyarku klopopodobnyh kwari nuna a hankali a hankali kyautata na mouthparts. Shi ne m da kuma unspecialized a psocoptera (hoton da ke ƙasa) ko ci gaban sokin-tsotsa kwari da.

Sauran umarni na kwari (Neuropteroidea) samu wani gagarumin amfani a kan su mafi m zumunta da inganta ci gaban sake zagayowar.

Kwari da bai cika ba, kuma cikakken hira

Kullum, duk iri Palaeoptera Neoptera kuma ya kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin, dangane da ci gaban sake zagayowar. Kwari da bai cika metamorphosis (misalai na abin da suke Hemimetabola da Apterygota) halin da cewa kwai hatched matasa (Nymphs) tunatar da manya. Daga baya, bayan da ta shiga wani jerin molts, Nymphs zama kafa cikakken adult. A kwari tare da cikakken metamorphosis (Holometabola) hatched daga wani kwai tsutsa ba ya yi kama da wani adult.

Wannan mataki (matafila ko tsutsa-kamar larvae) yawanci ci gaba daban-daban abinci. Larvae jũya a cikin pupa, wanda zai iya zama a cikin kyaun mataki a lokacin da yawa watanni sa'an nan ta hanyar metamorphosis (nama maimaitawa) an canza kama zuwa wani adult kwari. Bambance-bambance a salon tsakanin shi da kuma adult taimaka musu ji dadin wani mabanbanta mazauninsu. By Holometabola samar da 84% na jimlar yawan kwari jinsunan, da kuma da yawa daga cikinsu suna da muhimmanci tattalin arziki muhimmanci.

Hymenoptera

Hymenoptera - m detachment, wanda shi ne na duniya na kwari. Suna halin da cewa da asali tsarin da shirin da suke da kadan, ko kuma ba canje-canje. Duk da haka, wadannan dabbobi ne sosai daban-daban daga sauran kwari da cikakken metamorphosis. Wannan shi ne wani fairly ware kungiyar, amma ta yanayin larval ci gaba da kuma metamorphosis, ta fuskanci kunama.

Karbuwa ga yanayi

Domin Coleoptera - mafi girma a naúrar a cikin dabba mulki - halin da ci gaban da wuya elytra, rufe da baya wata biyu daga membranous fuka-fuki, wanda bauta wa jirgin. A ƙarfi daga cikin matsanancin kwarangwal kuma Na'urar damar asali jiki shirin tabbatar da jagorancin dalilai a gaban adult mutane na daban-daban habitats. Sauran endopterygota harhada kusa da zarar m detachment kunama.

Butterflies ake gane ta scaly fuka-fuki da musamman mouthparts maida shi musamman domin ciyar a kan nectar. A ci gaba da wannan kungiyar da kuma wasu 'yan cikin tsari Diptera ya a kusa dangane da ci gaba na flowering shuke-shuke.

Trichoptera branched kashe daga malam nemowa m fuka-fuki da taban da ake mouthparts. The larvae ne na cikin ruwa salon. Diptera tashi via da gaba biyu daga fuka-fuki, da kuma na biyu ya tuba zuwa halters wasa a cikin jirgin ma'auni gabobin rawa. Diptera larvae nuna mafi girma Na'urar specialization fiye da sauran kwari. Mutane da yawa manya ciyar a kan jini, kuma wannan shi ne saboda rawar da suka taka a watsa daga cututtuka. Kusa da Diptera ne fleas, ba su da fuka-fuki da jiki aka mĩƙe laterally. A detachment ƙwarƙwata da wannan kungiyar nasa ne da ectoparasites na dumin jiki dabbobi.

kwaro matsala

Mutane da yawa evolutionarily m siffofin kwari Holometabola sau da yawa sa muhimmanci lalacewar mutum. Suna iya halakar da wata amfanin gona ko yada hatsari cututtuka. Daga cikin Hemimetabola 'yan irin kwari. Misalan (kwari) - lice da fari. Amma da suka sa babban cutar da mutane. Daya kawai jinsin - hamada locust (Schistocerca gregaria) - zai iya sa yunwa ga fiye da 10% na yawan mutanen duniya. Wannan kwaro (hoton da ke ƙasa) ninka hanzari bayan ruwa sosai da kuma kwatsam tartsatsi, cin abinci duk ganye a kan hanya.

Duk da haka, dole ne a ce cewa, mafi yawan kwari ne kusan m. Haka kuma, suna wasa da ba makawa rawa a yanayi.

Saboda haka, mun dauki irin wannan ban sha'awa da kuma babban rukuni na dabbobi, kamar kwari. Misalai sunan, rarrabuwa da kuma su halaye da aka gabatar a cikin labarin. Da fatan, karatu ya mai dadi da amfani a gare ku.