Chuvash enlightener Ivan Yakovlev: biography, kerawa da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Chuvash enlightener Ivan Yakovlev aka haife kan Afrilu 25, 1848 a kauyen gwanjo-Cats Novotimbaevo a Simbirsk. Shi ɗan wata matalauta baƙauye, kuma a cikin wani sosai a farkon shekaru, aka bar ba tare da iyayensu. Marayu yaro soma Chuvash Pakhomov iyali daga wannan kauye.

farkon shekaru

Yaron ne m don samun ilmi, wanda a nan gaba zai ba da damar da shi ba kawai ya fara wani aiki, amma yin ilmantar da jama'ar na Volga yankin. A 1856, yaron ya tafi karatu a makaranta a kauyukan dake kusa da na Buinsk gundumar.

Ivan Yakovlev samu akwai godiya ga dokokin da bayar da wani takamaiman dillancin alhakin ilimi na manoma da marãyu. Aikin gona School da aka kammala a 1860. Yana Ivan Yakovlev shi ne mafi kyau dalibi. Halitta damar iya yin komai, kuma talanti yarda da shi don samun zuwa gundumar makaranta na lardin birnin Simbirsk, sa'an nan a cikin gida makarantar sakandare.

Saba da al'adu na Chuvash

Yakovlev ya a aji surveyors. Bayan samun digiri a makarantar sakandare, sai ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru hudu a cikin sana'a a Simbirsk takamaiman ofishin. Da yake a yankunan karkara merschikom, matasa Ivan Yakovlev tafiya ba kawai 'yan qasar, amma kuma makwabta Kazan kuma Samara lardin. Tafiya ba tafi a banza. Ziyartar kauyen da kuma sanin da yan unguwa mafi gane surveyor rayuwa, al'ada da kuma rayuwa na jama'ar na Volga yankin, tsakanin wanda aka Rasha, Tatars, Chuvash da Mordovian.

A lokaci guda a duniya na matasa Yakovlev, karfi da tasiri da m ra'ayoyi na 60s. XIX karni. Bin wadannan dokoki, ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa 'yan qasar Chuvash mutane a bukatar ilimi, gabatarwar Rasha al'adu, kazalika da koyo karatu da rubutu. A Volga lardin matakin na ta rarraba ya ragu a kwatanta da babban birnin kasar. Ivan Yakovlev yi imani da cewa, domin inganta rayuwar Chuvash, bai yi haquri, na jini da juyin juya hali da kuma zamantakewa upheavals. Shi ne isa zuwa wayar da kan mutane da kuma sake da al'adunsu.

malama

Don aiwatar da shirin Yakovlev zama malami a sami kudi. Duk da haka, wannan aikin da aka ba da babban zama. Kudi daga darasi farawa da malamin ya fara ciyar a kan kungiyar da kuma abun ciki na nasu zaman kansa makaranta domin Chuvash yara.

A wannan mataki na farko, babban abokin malama shi ne ya countryman Aleksey Rekeev. Ya raba ra'ayoyi da kuma tsammanin cewa yana da Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev. Biography of malamai sun nuna cewa, su so, don ilmantar da yara daga larduna da aka ba kawai a yanzu-yanzu babbar sha'awa na matasa - su ne da gaske sadaukar da wannan manufa ga rayukansu.

magoya bayan

Yakovlev yana da gagarumin goyon baya Ilya Ulyanov - sufeto na jama'a makarantu Simbirsk lardin da kuma Vladimir Lenin ta mahaifinsa. Taimako da gudummawar da fadada daga cikin matasa malamin makaranta. A 1870, Ivan Yakovlev sauke karatu daga horo a makarantar sakandare, ya karbi lambar zinariya. Bayan da ya tafi zuwa ga ci gaba da karatun su a jami'ar Kazan. Lokacin da yake babu a kan Chuvash makaranta kula Ilya Ulyanov. Sufeto na jama'a makarantu aika da littafin da dalibi, da zama dole adabi da kuma ko da kudi, don haka ya iya da yardar kaina samun sana'a.

A jami'a Yakovlev gana da farfesa kuma gwani a almara, Nikolaem Ilminskim. Ya cikakken shawarwari a yarda a gare wani sabon Chuvash haruffa, halitta a kan tushen da Slavic graphics. Shin dogon m bukatar ta sabuntawa. Gaskiyar shi ne cewa tsohon haruffa, amfani da matsayin tushen drevnebulgarsky Turkic harshe ne m, kuma aka yi amfani da kawai karamin sashi na yawan jama'a.

edition na ABC

Ana zargin wani sabon Chuvash share fage ne ba dade a cikin zuwan. A littafin da aka buga a 1872. Wannan share fage da kuma labarai da aka rubuta daga baya Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev zama milestone ga ci gaban kasa al'adun mutane na Volga yankin. Books malama sauri tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa da kuma zama da gaske rare. A farko biyu wurare dabam dabam na share fage da aka buga a kansa kudi malami. Sadaukarwa yanke shawara malama ya ba abin mamaki ba ga waɗanda suka san shi da kyau.

A yawa kokarin, lokaci da kuma sauran albarkatun don ilmantar da talakawa ciyar Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev. A biography wannan mutumin ne mai ban mamaki da kuma haske, domin ba wanda kafin shi ba a yin yawa kokarin taimakawa ci gaban da Chuvash al'adu. A 70 ga watan Yakovlev taimake ta matasa da kuma yaro babbar sha'awa tare da wanda ya dauki a kan wani aiki.

Chuvash sufeto na makarantu

A 1875, wani dalibi sauke karatu daga Kazan University tare da wani mataki a cikin Tarihi da kuma Philology. Yanzu a gaban shi buɗe sama gaba ɗaya sabon yiwuwa. The saurayi ya zama wani sufeto, saka idanu da matsayi na Chuvash makarantu a Volga larduna. A wuri na dindindin zama shi ne Simbirsk, inda makaranta gundumar cibiyar.

A sa'an nan da mai philologist da tarihi ya fara a cike da karfi ga ilimi da pedagogical aiki. Ta yana cike da damuwansu, damuwa da kuma ban mamaki da jayayya tare da jami'an kananan hukumomi. Amma a lokaci guda a kowace jama'a labari Ivan Yakovlev game da shari'ar cikin rayuwarsa janyo hankalin shi da yawa magoya bayan. Wadannan da aka ba kawai tausayawa mutane. Mafi yawansu sun kasance lardin fādawan da suke mallakar kudi da kuma tasiri. Sun fi mayar saboda su malama na iya tsaya a kai na Simbirsk Chuvash makaranta. A makaranta da sauri ya zama wata gida sabon abu. A makaranta samu a sana'a gaba malamai, wanda sa'an nan ya fara aiki a cikin gida kananan makarantu, da taimaka wa yara Chuvash kawar da jahilci a. Domin shekaru hamsin Simbirskaya School ta samar da dama dubu malamai. Wannan ilimi ma'aikata ya na da muhimmanci cibiyar na Chuvash al'adu da adabi.

wallafe-wallafen da ayyukan

Me daidai yi Ivan Yakovlev? Biography ne wani misali da wani malami kullum rubutu mutumin. Malama a kai a kai da aka buga sabon litattafan, litattafan, fassara a cikin harshen da Chuvash art, likitanci, noma, da sauran wallafe-wallafe. Musamman rare labarun Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev yara. Su aka buga a matsayin collections da anthologies, nan da nan bazu cikin talakawa. Kowane Chuvash gidan inda da yara aka kawo up, wadannan littattafai ya zama tunani.

A musamman wuri ne epistolary al'adunmu Yakovlev. Illuminator rubutu tare da malamai, masana kimiyya, da mawaƙa, artists, 'yan jarida da kuma wallafa. Domin shekaru hamsin da ya rubuta game da dubu biyu da manyan haruffa. Yanzu sun kasance duk tarihi da kuma al'adu darajar. Godiya a gare su, za ka iya sake gina da Volga lardin marigayi XIX - farkon XX karni. Haruffa da labarai Ivana Yakovleva akai-akai Aka sake buga shi a cikin Soviet da kuma a cikin zamani zamanin.

Chuvash malama

A babbar manufa na malama shi ne ya shawara da cewa Chuvash al'ada dole ne a hadedde tare da Rasha, da kuma a cikin wani hali ba shiga cikin rikici tare da shi. Yakovlev dauke da cewa bukatun mutanen da sararin daular, sa'an nan gurguzu jihar ba za a iya lissafi. A akasin wannan, da dukkan al'ummai, ko da kuwa su kabilanci da kuma al'adu bambance-bambance, dole dauki hanyar daidaituwa da kuma karfafa dangantaka tsakanin su.

Wannan manufa ne mafi kyau nuna a cikin malamin ta ayyukan alaka da ilimi na Chuvash. Yakovlev yi imani da cewa ya kamata mutane su shiga cikin Kristanci, domin shi ne mai addini zai iya zama wani muhimmin mahada tsakanin kabilun daban-daban. Don yin wannan, sai ya juya zuwa ga Chuvash harshe, wasu Littafi Mai Tsarki rubuce-rubucen, ciki har da Zabura da Sabon Alkawali. Domin wannan Ivan Yakovlevich a lokacin da ya halicci wani sabon haruffa dangane da QFontDatabase haruffa. Bugu da kari, ya yi imani cewa ya zama dole ga sanad da Rasha jama'a tare da Chuvash real - rai, hadisai da kuma al'adu. Illuminator ci gaba da koyar da kuma rubuta littattafai zuwa tsufa.

Ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1930. Yau ƙwaƙwalwar na Ivan Yakovlev girmama a cikin dukan Volga yankin, musamman a tsakanin Chuvash mutane.