Babban Rasha explorers, kuma su binciken

Babban Rasha matafiya, da jerin wanda quite manyan, ya sa ci gaban da Maritime ciniki kuma Ya ɗaukaka girma na kasar. A kimiyya al'umma ya gane more kuma ƙarin bayani ba kawai a kan labarin kasa, amma kuma game da Flora da fauna, kuma mafi muhimmanci - da mutane da suka rayu a wasu sassa na duniya, kuma su kwastan. Bari mu bi a zambiyõyin girma Rasha matafiya su Voyages na samu.

Fodor Filippovich Konyuhov

Great Rasha matafiyi Fyodor Konyukhov ne ba kawai sanannun lover of kasada, amma kuma wani mai zane-zane, girmama maigida wasanni. An haife shi a shekarar 1951. Tun suna yara, ya iya yi da cewa za a bai quite wuya ya takwarorina - iyo a cikin ruwan sanyi. Ya zai iya sauƙi barci a cikin hayloft. Fedor ya a mai kyau da yanayin jiki da kuma iya gudu ga mai nisa - 'yan dubun kilomita. A shekaru 15, da ya gudanar ya haye Tekun Azov, ta amfani da kwale a kwale-kwale. Ƙwarai rinjayi Theodore, kuma kakansa, wanda ya so wannan saurayi ya zama matafiyi, amma da yaron ya so wannan. Babban Rasha matafiya sau da yawa fara shirya a gaba gare su da yakin da teku sarari.

bude Konyukhov

Fedor Filippovich Konyuhov dauki bangare a cikin 40-tafiya, maimaita a kan wani jirgin ruwa mai filafili Bering hanya, da kuma shiga jirgin ruwa daga Vladivostok zuwa Kwamandan Islands, ya zo Sakhalin da Kamchatka. A shekaru 58 da ya yi nasara Mount Everest, kazalika 7 mafi kololuwa a cikin wata tawagar tare da sauran masu hawa. Ya ziyarci biyu da Arewa da ta Kudu sandunan, a kan asusun da ya 4 Voyages zagaye duniya, suka haye Atlantic 15 sau. Ya kwaikwayo Fedor Filippovich aka nuna ta zane. Saboda haka ya rubuta a 3000 hotuna. Babban Gwargwadon binciken Rasha matafiya da aka sau da yawa nuna a nasu adabi, da kuma Fedor Konyukhov bar baya da wani 9 littattafai.

Athanasius Nikitin

Great Rasha matafiyi Athanasius Nikitin (Nikitin - .. Sunan farko na m, cewa mahaifinsa mai suna Nikita) ya rayu a cikin karni na 15th, da kuma shekara da aka haife shi ne ba a sani ba. Ya tabbatar da cewa ko da wani mutum daga wani matalauci iyali zai iya tafiya zuwa yanzu, babban abu - don saita manufa. Ya kasance wani gogaggen m da suka yi tafiya zuwa India a cikin Crimea, Konstantinoful, Lithuania da kuma sarauta na Moldavia da kuma kawo gida da kasashen waje kaya.

Ya kasance mai 'yan qasar na Tver. Rasha fatake tafiya zuwa Asia kafa dangantaka da gida yan kasuwa. Su da kansu da aka kawo a can, yafi furs. Kamar yadda rabo Athanasius ya a Indiya, inda ya rayu na shekaru uku. A ya dawo ya aka sata da kuma kashe kusa Smolensk. Babban Rasha explorers, kuma su binciken sun har abada zama a cikin tarihi, domin ga ci gaban jarumi da kuma tsoro masoya yawo sau da yawa ya mutu a cikin hadarin gaske da kuma dogon expeditions.

Bude Afanasiya Nikitina

Athanasius Nikitin zama na farko da Rasha matafiyi wanda ya ziyarci India da Farisa, a kan hanyar da baya ya ziyarci Turkey da kuma Somalia. A lokacin da ya tafiyarka ya dauki rubutu "Journey Beyond Three Tekuna", wanda daga baya ya zama littafi na nazari na al'ada da kuma kwastan na wasu ƙasashe. Musamman da kyau wanda aka nuna a cikin rubuce-rubucen na da India. Ya haye Volga, Balarabe Sea da Caspian, Black Sea. Lokacin kusa Astrakhan yan kasuwa da aka sata da Tatars, ya ba ya so ya duka tafi gida da kuma samun a cikin bashin da tarko, da kuma ci gaba da tafiya, je zuwa Derbent, sa'an nan Baku.

Nikolai Maclay

Maclay zo daga mai daraja iyali, amma dole ne ya koyi mahaifinsa mutuwa, cewa an zaune a talauci. Ya kasance mai saɓãwa da yanayi - a shekaru 15, da aka kama shi, dõmin sun halarci dalibi zanga-zangar. Saboda wannan, ya ba kawai juya ta zama a karkashin kama a kagara, inda ya tsaya har kwana uku, amma aka fitar daga cikin makaranta da kara ban a kan m - haka domin ya rasa damar da za su samu mafi girma ilimi a Rasha cewa ya baya sanya a Jamus.

Ernest Haeckal, da yawa daga sanannun halittu, kusantar da hankali ga wani m 19-yaro ne dan shekaru da kuma gayyace Maclay a cikin balaguro, wanda manufarsa shine don nazarin marine fauna. Nicholas ya mutu yana da shekaru 42 da shekaru, tare da ganewar asali daga muryarsa, "wani karfi tabarbarewar jiki." Ya, kamar sauran babban Rasha matafiya, bayar da babban ɓangare na rayuwarsa a cikin sunan sabon binciken.

bude Maclay

A 1869 Maclay tare da goyon bayan da Rasha Kasa Society tafi New Guinea. Beach inda ya sauka, yanzu ya kira "Maclay Coast." Bayan shafe fiye da shekara a cikin balaguro, ya karya sabuwar ƙasa. Da mazauni koya daga Rasha matafiyi kamar yadda girma kabewa, masara, wake, da yadda za a kula da 'ya'yan itatuwa. 3 shekaru ya ciyar a Australia, ziyarci Indonesia, da Philippines, da tsibirin na Melanesia da Micronesia. Ya kuma bukaci mazauna yankin da ba su tsoma baki tare anthropological karatu. Shekaru 17 na rayuwarsa nazarin asalin mutanen da Pacific Islands, kudu maso gabashin Asia. Saboda Miklouho-Maclay aka karyata jita-jitar cewa Papuans ne wani irin mutum. Kamar yadda za a iya gani, babban Rasha explorers, kuma su binciken a yarda da sauran duniya ba ne kawai don ƙarin koyo game da Gwargwadon bincike, amma kuma game da wasu mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin New Biranan.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przewalski

Przhevalsky falala a kansu sarki ta iyali, bayan na farko da tafiya yana da daraja, don saduwa da Alexander II, wanda ya ba da tarin zuwa Rasha Academy of Sciences. Ɗansa, Nicholas son ayyukan Nikolai Mikhailovich, kuma ya so su zama almajiri, ya kuma taimaka da littafin da labaru game da 4th balaguro, koka 25 dubu. Rubles. A Tsarevich duba ko da yaushe a gaba ga haruffa daga matafiyi kuma yana farin ciki zuwa ko da gajeren labari game da balaguro.

Kamar yadda za a iya gani, ko da a cikin rãyuwar Przewalski zama quite sanannun hali da kuma ayyukansa da kuma ayyukansu sun samu mai yawa talla. Amma, kamar yadda wani lokacin da ya faru, a lokacin da babban Rasha explorers, kuma su binciken suna zama shahara, da yawa cikakken bayani game da rayuwa da kuma yanayi na mutuwarsa ne har yanzu tana tattare a cikin asiri. Zuriyar Nicholas Mikhailovich ba, t. Don. A gaba fahimtar abin da rabo jiran shi, ya ba zai yi yarda da kansa to hukunta wani ƙaunar daya a kan m jiran aiki, kuma Loneliness.

da bude daga cikin Przewalski

Godiya ga expeditions Przewalski, a Rasha kimiyya girma tsiwirwirinsu sabon lokacinta. A lokacin 4 expeditions matafiyi ya wuce game da dubu 30. Kilomita, sai ya yi tafiya zuwa Tsakiya da kuma yammacin Asiya, da Tibet Filato da kuma kudancin Taklimakan Desert. Ya bude da yawa ridges (Moscow, m, da sauransu. D.), kwatanta manyan koguna na Asia.

Mutane da yawa sun ji game da Przewalski ta doki (a subspecies na daji doki), amma 'yan san game da arziki Zoological tarin na dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kuma kifi, a manyan yawan records game da shuke-shuke da herbarium collections. Bugu da kari ga Flora da fauna, kazalika da sabon Gwargwadon binciken, babban Rasha Explorer Przewalski sha'awar al'ummai ba a sani ba zuwa ga Turawa - Dungan, arewacin Tibet, Tangut, magintsami, lobnortsami. Ya halicci aiki "Yadda tafiya a tsakiyar Asiya", wanda zai iya zama a matsayin mai kyau jagora ga masu bincike da kuma soja. Babban Rasha matafiya, yin binciken, ko da yaushe bai wa ilmi ga ci gaban kimiyya da kuma nasara kungiyar na sabon expeditions.

Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern

Rasha Explorer aka haife shi a 1770. Ya na da damar zama na farko shugaba na duniya balaguro daga Rasha, kamar yadda shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa National Oceanology, wani admiral, wani m memba da kuma girmamawa memba na Academy of Sciences a St. Petersburg. Great Rasha matafiyi Kruzenshtern kuma dauki mai aiki part, aka halitta a lõkacin da Rasha Kasa Society. A shekarar 1811 ya samu damar ya koya a cikin Sea yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps. Daga bisani, zama darektan, ya shirya wata babbar jami'in aji. Wannan sa'an nan ya zama Academy na sojan ruwa.

A 1812, ya ware daga cikin uku na arziki ga jama'ar kasar mayakan (fara yakin duniya na II). Har sai wannan lokacin, shi ya ɗauki littafin na uku kundin littattafai, "zagaya} asashen duniya", wanda aka fassara a cikin bakwai Turai harsuna. A 1813, Ivan Fedorovich hada a cikin harshen Turanci, Danish, Jamus da kuma Faransa kimiyya al'ummu da kwalejojin. Duk da haka, 2 shekaru daga baya, ya aka aiko a kan m iznin saboda da bunkasa ido cuta, wahala da halin da ake ciki da kuma wuya dangantaka da ministan Marine. Yawancin shahararrun explorers, kuma matafiya juya zuwa Ivan Fedorovich domin shawara da kuma goyon baya.

bude Kruzenshtern

3 shekaru ya kasance shugaban Rasha balaguro a duniya a cikin jirãge "Neva" da "Hope". A lokacin tafiya da suka yi da za a yi nazari a kan bakin Amur River. A karo na farko a cikin tarihin na Rasha rundunar jiragen ketare ekweita. Ta hanyar wannan tafiya, da kuma Ivan Fedorovich, a karon farko ya bayyana a kan taswira gabas, arewa da kuma arewa maso yammacin tekun na Sakhalin Island. Har ila yau, bisa la'akari da aikinsa zai gani da hasken, "Atlas Kudu Sea", cikakken hydrographic rubutu. Saboda da balaguro katunan da aka sharewa ƙarancin tsibirin, da ainihin matsayin da sauran georgaficheskih maki aka ƙaddara. Rasha kimiyya ya koya game da Mezhpassatnyh gangarowa a ɓoye a cikin Pacific da kuma Atlantic teku, da aka auna ruwa zazzabi (har zuwa 400 m zurfin), a tsare ta musamman nauyi, launi da kuma tsabta. A karshe ta zama share dalilin da hasken teku. Har ila yau, akwai bayanai a kan yanayi matsa lamba, da ebb kuma ya kwarara a wasu sassa na teku da cewa amfani da sauran manyan Rasha matafiya a cikin su expeditions.

Semon Ivanovich Dezhnov

Great matafiyi, an haife shi a 1605. Navigator, Explorer kuma ciniki, ya kasance kuma a Cossack jigo. Ya kasance mai 'yan qasar na Great Ustyug, sa'an nan ya koma Siberia. Semyon Ivanovich aka san shi da diplomasiyya iyawa, ƙarfin hali kuma ikon tsara da kuma gudanar da mutane. Sunansa da aka bai wa Gwargwadon nufi (headland, bay, tsibirin, kauye, Larabawa), da premium kankara-wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi, tafiya, titi, da dai sauransu

bude Dezhneva

Semyon Ivanovich shekaru 80 kafin Bering mashigar da aka gudanar (da ake kira Bering) tsakanin Alaska da Chukotka (a cika, yayin da Bering ne kawai na shi). Ya kuma tawagar gano wani teku hanya a kusa da arewa-gabashin Asia, kai Kamchatka. Babu daya kafin da kuma ban sani ba game da wannan bangare na duniya, inda America kusan converged da Asia. Dezhnev wuce Arctic Ocean, jingine arewacin bakin Asia. Ya tsara mashigar tsakanin Amirka da nahiyar Asiya bankuna, kazalika da Chukotka Larabawa. Da zarar a Olyutorskii Bay Jirgi Ya Yi Haɗari, tawagar, tare da kawai kayan gudun kan da sledges, aka samun 10 makonni kafin a Anadyr River (shi rasa mutane 13 daga 25). Akwai wani zato cewa na farko natsuwa daga Alaska ya zama wani ɓangare na Dezhnev tawagar, rabu da balaguro.

Saboda haka, wadannan a zambiyõyin girma Rasha matafiyi, za ka iya ganin yadda za a ci gaba da tashin Rasha kimiyya al'umma, wadãtar da ilmi na waje duniya, wanda ya ba da wata babbar impetus ga ci gaban sauran masana'antu.