Chukovsky Nikolay: labari da hotuna

Chukovskiy Nikolay Korneevich - dan sanannen uba, Rasha da kuma Soviet marubuci Korney Chukovsky, ɗan farinsa, wanda aka ma nasaba da ransa, adabi, fassarorin da litattafan da kuma shayari. An haife shi ne a Odessa ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamban 1965. Mahaifiyarsa, Maria Borisovna, an haifi Gol'feld. Bayan bikin aure, sai ta tafi tare da mijinta zuwa London, wanda a wannan lokacin ya zama mai rubutu don buga littafin Odessa. Shekara guda bayan haka, ta koma Odessa a watan da ta gabata ta ciki kuma ta haifi ɗa.

Nikolay Chukovsky: labari

Duk lokacin yaro, Nikolai ya zauna a St. Petersburg da ƙauyen Kuokkale (St. Petersburg). Yanayin iyalansu zai iya jin dadi. Mahaifin ya sami abokantaka tare da marubuta da marubuta da aka sani a cikin wallafe-wallafe, irin su K. Vaginov, N. Zabolotsky, M. Slonimsky, V. Kaverin, da dai sauransu. Sabili da haka, ya gabatar da dansa cikin wannan da'irar. Nicholas ya kasance mai farin ciki ya kama shi a tunaninsa A. Blok. A lokacin rani na 1921, ya tafi tare da mahaifinsa a Litfond dacha tare da manyan mutane kamar O. Mandelstam, V. Khodasevich, R. Dobuzhinsky da sauransu.

Koyo da kuma farawar kerawa

Chukovsky Nikolai ya sauke karatu a Kwalejin Tenishevskoe a shekara ta 1921, shekaru da dama ya shafe a aji a IFP na Jami'ar Petrograd (har 1924). Sa'an nan kuma a 1930 ya sauke karatu daga Cibiyar Higher Art a Cibiyar Tarihin Tarihi a Leningrad.

Kuma nan da nan ya fara aiki tare da Nikolai Gumilev a cikin zane-zane mai suna "The Sounding Sink." Kuma Chukovsky Nikolai ya zama kusa da ƙungiyar Petrograd ta 'Yan Matasa' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '. Da zarar har ma ya zama jarumi na aikin satirical daya "Aristocrat" na Mikhail Zoshchenko.

M. Voloshin

Daga 1922 zuwa 1928, an rubuta waqoqansa a cikin rubutun Nikolai Radishchev. Yawan shayari ya amince da Mr. Gorky, N. Gumilev, V. Khodasevich. A 1928, Nikolai Chukovsky ya wallafa hoton zane na farko "Ta hanyar Aljannar Aljanna", bayan haka ya fara shiga cikin fassarorin poetic.

Uba ya gabatar da ɗansa zuwa Maximilian Voloshin - sanannen mawaƙa na Rasha, masanin littafi da mai zane-zane, kuma Nikolai ya zauna tare da shi a Koktebel. A can ya sadu da wani marubucin marubuta da marubucin Rasha - Alexander Bely.

A tsakiyar lokacin rani na 1932, Chukovsky ya tafi kundin koli zuwa cibiyar wasan kwaikwayon Litfond a Koktebel. A can ya shaida kwanakin ƙarshe na rayuwar Mr Voloshin, wanda ya mutu daga karo na biyu a ranar 11 ga Agustan 1932. Nikolai Chukovsky yana cikin jana'izarsa. Aboki na ɗauke da akwatin gawa a hannunsu zuwa saman Kuchuk-Yanyshar Upland.

Halin

A cikin lokaci daga 1937 zuwa 1938, sunan Chukovsky, tare da sunayen L. Nikulin, V. Kibalchich, G. Kuklin, B. Lifshits da sauransu, an ambaci su a cikin binciken da ake yi akan rikice-rikice na Soviet tsakanin Moscow da Leningrad marubuta. Kama shi ne ya tsere da gangan.

A shekarar 1939 an rubuta Nicholas a cikin sojojin. Da farko ya kasance abokin tarayya a yakin Soviet-Finnish, sa'an nan kuma ya yi aiki a cikin Warren Patriotic War a matsayin mai horar da sojoji na jarida Red Baltic Fleet. A cikin Yulin 1941, Chukovsky Nicholas ya fito ne daga Baltic tashar Paldiski zuwa Tallinn, tare da shi akwai rukuni na mutane da dama daga cikin brigade na boma bamai na 10, wanda kusan kusan suka hallaka a Jamus a farkon kwanakin yaki.

A cikin kaka na wannan shekarar, an kashe dan uwansa Boris kusa da Moscow. Nikolai ya sha wahala sosai ga dan'uwansa.

Leningrad

Yayin da ake kewaye da Leningrad Chukovsk a birnin. Sa'an nan kuma ya zama abokantaka tare da sanannen sukar-bibliophile A. Tarasenkov. A cikin watan Oktoba 1943, an nada shi masanin Cibiyar Harkokin Siyasa na Soviet Union, Ofishin Navy Publishing House. Wata rana marubucin ya tsira ta hanyar mu'ujiza, domin, har zuwa daren jiya, bai kasance yana da damar yin shinge a gidan gidan Leonid Rakhmaninov ba. Da ya dawo gidan da safe, sai ya ga gidansa ya boma bamai.

A 1946, Nicholas ya zama dimokuradiyya. Kuma a sa'an nan sai ya fara fassara rare ayyukan shahara waje marubuta kamar Mark Twain, RL Stevenson, E. Seton-Thompson, J. Tuwim da sauransu.

A cikin shekarun 1950, Chukovsky ya dauki memo. Ya zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa, yana cikin memba na kungiyar 'yan marubuta na Rundunar ta Amurka da RSFSR, ya kasance matsayin shugaban sashen masu fassara na Ƙungiyar' Yan Rubutun nan kuma yana cikin jagorancin gidan jarida Sovetskiy pisatel.

Nikolay Chukovsky: littattafai

Ayyukan aikinsa ya fara ne tare da waƙoƙi, cikakken al'ada a cikin tsari da batun. A karo na farko an buga shi a cikin almanac "Ushkuyniki" a cikin 1922 a karkashin wakilinmu N. Radishchev, waɗannan su ne waƙoƙinsa guda uku: "Sama da gidajen zinariya", "ga ruhu" da "Kuma fitilu suna kone a cikin haikali."

A wannan shekarar a cikin jaridar "Nakanune" kuma ya bayyana da dama daga cikin waƙoƙinsa. Daga nan sai aka fara bugawa a cikin gidajen littattafan "Rashanci na zamani", "Leningrad", "Red Crow", "Shelling Sound Shell", da dai sauransu. Mista Gorky ya goyi bayan kwarewa da yaro na saurayi mai basira. A shekarar 1928, za a buga ma'anar "aya ta cikin aljanna" kawai.

Ba da daɗewa sai ya fara aiki tare da mujallar yara "Hedgehog" da "Murzilka", inda ya rubuta waqoqai ga yara, amma zargi bai kasance mai fahariya game da su ba, sun ce, sun yi rauni kuma ba za a tuna su ba.

Daga nan sai ya bar waƙoƙin yaran da ya karbi littafin "Matasa" (1930), a shekara guda akwai tarihin labarunsa da labarun "A cikin gidan da aka yi", sa'an nan kuma a 1933 - littafin nan "The Tale", ya yi magana game da su ba daidai ba: An zargi mawallafin ta rashin hankali.

Wani sabon abu ya zama littafin "Yaroslavl" (1938) game da tashin hankalin Soviet a Yaroslavl a 1918.

Bayan yakin, batun jaruntaka ya zama babban batu. Bisa labarin da ya yi "The Sea Hunter" (1945), an shirya fim. Ɗaya daga cikin haske da mafi kyawun ayyukansa shi ne labarin "The Baltic Sky" (1955).

Shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwa

Nikolay Korneyevich Chukovsky ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamban 1965. Bisa ga matarsa Lydia, bayan abincin dare sai ya kwanta don ya daɗe kuma bai farka ba. Rashin ɗansa na ɗan shekara 83 mai suna Korney Ivanovich ya kasance mummunan gwaji. Ya sau da yawa ya rubuta game da shi a cikin takardunsa da haruffa.

An binne NK Chukovsky a Moscow a cikin kabari na Novodevichy. Ya auri Marina Nikolaevna Reinke (1903-1993). Ta haifa masa 'ya'ya maza guda biyu - Nicholas (masanin injiniya) da kuma Dmitry (darektan talabijin).

A ranar tunawa da mutuwar, daya daga cikin "Maɗaukaki" zai rubuta cewa Chukovsky ya zama marubucin gaskiya na 30s, 40s da 50s, amma mutum daga cikin shekaru ashirin, wanda ke da alhakin aikin wallafe-wallafe, wani dandano da zane-zane.