Brazil: albarkatun. Ma'adanai da masana'antu Brazil

Brazil - mafi girma a kasar a Latin America, wanda daukan up kusan rabin nahiyar Kudancin Amirka. A gabas da arewa ta cikin tekun Atlantic. Brazil, albarkatun kasa da kuma yanayin da ya bambanta - a kasar m ga noma da kuma rayuwa na al'ummar jihar.

taimako

A arewacin kasar ne Amazonian filayen kwari. Yana hankali ta wãyi gari kewaye da m cliffs mirgina filayen da Guiana tsaunuka. Kusan duk sauran yankin na kasa da aka shagaltar da ta Brazil Filato, tanã fita zuwa arewa-maso-gabas da kuma kudu da steeply a Atlantic bakin teku a fili. Don yamma da saura kunya da kuma Atlantic yankin iri-iri miƙa bel monoklinarno-samuwar kuma samuwar filayen. zuwa arewa da kuma a cikin cibiyar aka mamaye socle tuddanta, kuma plateaus, cike da koyaswa plateaus.

sauyin yanayi

Brazil halin da zafi sauyin yanayi. Albarkatun kasa ne sun fi mayar saboda yanayin damina. A wata-wata talakawan zafin jiki jeri daga 16 zuwa 29 digiri, kuma kawai a high iri-iri a gabashin yiwu daskarewa. Duk da haka, domin a kasa da halin daban-daban na sauyin yanayi da kuma hazo gwamnatocin.

m ruwa

Da yake jawabi game da halitta fasali na Brazil, ya kamata a lura da shi shi ne sosai m kogin cibiyar sadarwa. Amazon tsarin irrigates dukan Amazon yankin, arewacin Brazil da kuma kudu da Guiana tsaunuka. A kudancin kasar Brazil tsaunuka noman tsarin na gudãna Parana da Uruguay, da yamma - da kogin Paraguay, gabas - kogi San Francisco. Daga cikin wadannan, kawai Amazon da kuma ta yamma da kuma gabashin aikin gandu a ko'ina cikin shekara suke cike da ruwa.

Domin da waɗansu kõguna na Brazil tsaunuka ne halin manyan hawa da sauka a cikin ruwa ya kwarara da kuma ambaliyar ruwa. Ruwa jijiya tudu da babba reserves na samar da wutar lantarki, duk da haka, yawanci navigable kawai a kan short nisa.

Ciyayi da kuma kasa

A kasar mamaye gandun daji a lateritic (ferralitnyh) jan kasa. Da farko wuri a duniya reserves na katako daukan Brazil. Albarkatun kasa a yammacin ɓangare na Amazon gabatar da m Evergreen gumi Equatorial gandun daji, tare da m itatuwa (fiye da 4 dubu jinsunan), a karkashin abin da suke lateritic podzolic kasa.

Na kan tuddai da cewa sanã'anta a Brazil da kuma Guiana tsaunuka, yada a sakamakon bushe weather deciduous da Evergreen gandun daji, podzoleniya tsari a cikin ƙasa ne m da kuma mai rauni. Similar iri ciyayi da kuma ƙasa, shan la'akari altitudinal zones ne halayyar da Windward, da gabashi, da kuma babban jeri da tuddai na Brazil tsaunuka. A yammacin gangara yafi halin rigar yanayi gandun daji. Cibiyar Filato shagaltar da savanna a kan ja lateritic kasa, ya fi na kowa melkoderevnye shrubby Savannah. Located tare kõguna gallery gandun daji, inda ta ke tsiro m carnauba kakin dabino. Arewa maso gabashin tudu aiki Semi-hamada sparse kunshi succulent da kuma Xerophytic Bishiyoyi a cikin ja-kasa-kasa da kuma m-kasa-kasa kasa. Domin a gaba ɗaya m kudu halin da Evergreen da kuma gauraye deciduous gandun daji na kasar Brazil conifer Araucaria. A filayen kwarinta yada bezderevnye grassy savanna a kan ja-baki ƙasa.

dabba duniya

A babban iri-iri fauna za a iya dangana ga bambancin ta kunsa da gagarumin girman da ƙasa sun shagaltar da Brazil. Review daga cikin fauna a daban-daban kafofin ne daban-daban, domin ko taxonomists wani lokacin saba a kan rarrabuwa da dabbobin da suke zaune a kasar. Punctually gano sabon nau'in, a lokaci guda kamar yadda mutãne, da rashin alheri, mutuwa fita.

Dukkan kasashen Brazil halin mafi girma adadin Primate jinsunan (game da 77 mi) da kuma ruwa tare kifi (fiye da 3 dubu). Bisa ga yawan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa kasar mukamansu na biyu a duniya a yawan tsuntsaye - da na uku, da yawan jinsunan dabbobi masu rarrafe - biyar. Dabbobin da yawa ana miyagun, musamman da suke zaune a kunsa da cewa yanzu halaka mai girma, kamar Atlantic Forest.

Brazil ta tattalin arzikin

Saboda babban matakin na ci gaba na masana'antu da kuma hakar ma'adinai masana'antu, noma, da sabis kansu da kuma babban adadin da aiki yawan cikin sharuddan GDP, Brazil da yawa gaba na duk sauran asashen Kudancin Amirka. A halin yanzu, ta kara yana faɗaɗa gaban a duniya kasuwanni. Babban fitarwa kayayyakin - kofi, da jirgin sama, da motoci, da Karafa, waken soya, karfe, orange ruwan 'ya'yan itace, da takalma, Textiles, sugar, lantarki da kayan aiki.

Brazil ta tattalin arziki ne sosai bambancin da kuma yana da gagarumin bambancin tsakanin yankuna. A yiwuwa na yin kasuwanci na birnin ne sosai daban-daban daga juna. Ko da yake da jihar ta tattalin arzikin da aka quite raya, gagarumin ci gaba hurdles har yanzu tartsatsi matsaloli na talauci, jahilci da kuma cin hanci da rashawa.

Brazil Useful albarkatu

A kasar samar da fiye da arba'in iri ma'adanai. A mafi muhimmanci ne manganese da tama. Saboda haka, da shekara samar da fiye da ɗari biyu da ton miliyan tama, wadda kamar kashi 80 cikin dari da aka fitar dashi. Haƙar jihar ne daya daga cikin wurare na farko a duniya. Ma'adanai Brazil gabatar a matsayin jan karfe, tutiya, nickel adibas wanda ake amfani da kasuwannin gida. Kasar ne dabarun maroki na raw kayan: niobium, tungsten, Mika, zirconium. A shekara-shekara bukatar man fetur ne 75 ton miliyan, bayar kawai rabin, don haka Brazil aka tilasta shigo da shi. A Amazon a cikin 1970s. samu manyan reserves na zinariya, Yanzu da samar da shi ne game da 80 ton a kowace shekara. kwal an ma samu, amma shi ne albarkatun kasa na matalauta quality, da shekara ta samar shi ne game da 5 ton miliyan.

masana'antu

Mafi cigaban Brazilian masana'antu da aka mayar da hankali a yankin kudu maso gabas da kuma kudancin kasar. Matalautan yankin da aka dauke su arewa-maso-gabas, amma ya aka yanzu fara jawo hankalin zuba jari. Latin American kasashen Brazil ne mafi ɓullo da masana'antu kansu, constituting daya bisa uku na GDP. A jihar samar da wani iri-iri na kayayyakin, daga karfe, da motoci da man fetur zuwa jiragen sama, kwakwalwa, da kuma mabukaci kaya.

Fiye da kwata na GDP rufe da masana'antu a Brazil. Babban masana'antu - mai refining da kuma sinadaran samar. Bayan da United States of America ne mafi girma m na Bioethanol, wanda ya samar da game da kashi 30 cikin dari na bukatar man fetur. Domin MOTA KE SHAN MAI motocin a Brazil, ethanol da ake amfani da matsayin a cikin tsarki tsari ko gauraye da fetur. A albarkatun kasa domin ta samar da abubuwa a matsayin rake. Brazil kamfanonin shekara nuna ethanol a cikin adadin 16-20 biliyan lita.

A kowace shekara, fiye da miliyan 1.5 motocin samar a cikin kasar. Babban kera - kamfanin "Mercedes-Benz", "Scania", "Fiat".

Babban reshe na haske masana'antu - Textiles. Brazil ne 6-7 a samar da yadi kayayyakin a duniya. Game da kashi 80 cikin dari na auduga da aka shigo da daga kasashen waje, saboda da low quality na Brazil raw kayan.

Har ila yau, ci gaba da takalma masana'antu - tare da fiye da 4 dubu shuke-shuke da samar da takalma.

a ƙarshe

Daga cikin Latin American kasashe, mafi girma tattalin arziki, babu shakka, yana da Brazil. A albarkatun wannan kasa na samar da gagarumin dama ga ci gaban. Duk da haka, kamar yadda duk kasar ne halin da babba bambantawa a albashi da kuma babban bambanci a cikin matakin na ci gaba da yammacin kuma gabashin yankuna.