Boguchany HPP: gina Oganeza, waya, hoto, da ambaliyar ruwa zone

A karshen watan Yuni 2016 a Rasha a cike iya aiki Boguchany HPP wani sabon, gina a kan da Angara River, 444 km daga bakinsa a cikin taiga-gandun daji zone. Wannan ikon tashar ne 5 ga watan a kasar, da kuma dangane da kayayyakin zamani ranked farko.

adireshin kamfanin

City Kodinsk Kezhemskogo District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, yi tushe na hagu banki, da hada tushe lambar 1, gina 1 - ainihin adireshin "Boguchany HPP". Lambar wayar da na kungiyar: (39143) 7-13-93. Har ila yau, bayanin da za a iya samu via e-mail secrdir@boges.kodinsk.kras.ru. Company Index: 663.491.

A kadan tarihi

The aiki domin gina da Boguchany samar da wutar lantarki shuka da aka amince da Tarayyar Soviet ma'aikatar makamashi a 1969. A gaskiya an, da sosai gina wannan muhimmanci da makaman ga kasar fara a shekara ta 1974, na farko magina na tashar sun ma'aikata na kungiyar "Bratskgesstroy". Mun aika su zuwa ga abu located sama da Ust-Ilimskoy HPP. Its yi kawai a wannan lokacin an gama baki ɗaya.

Bisa ga aikin damar shuka shi ya zama 3000 MW, da kuma matsa lamba matakin ana sa ran isa cikin alamar 208 m. A ƙarshe na hydroelectric aikin da aka shirya domin 1992. Duk da haka, shi ne rashin alheri da wuya halin da ake ciki a karshen karni na karshe a kasar ba da damar kawo mu da tsare-tsaren da ƙarshen. Saboda rashin albarkatun da taki na yi na tashar fara hankali samun koma baya, kuma a shekarar 1994 shi ne kusan daskararre.

Daga baya jagorancin kasar da aka dauke da aikin yi da tashar a matakai biyu (domin rage halin kaka). Duk da haka, da amincewa Glavgosekspertizy ya bai sami. Don ci gaba da yi na tashar ne kawai a shekara ta 2007 a cikin tsarin na jama'a masu zaman kansu cinikayya. A yarjejeniyar gaskatãwa da niyyar sake bude da Boguchany HPP, aka sanya hannu da kamfanin "Kamfanin Rusal" da kuma rao "UES na Rasha" shekara biyu kafin wannan. A farkon kammala tashar ta shirye ya 58%. Biyu na farko da aka sa a kan hydroelectric Boguchany samar da wutar lantarki shuka a 2012

tashar Features

Boguchany HPP, photos da aka gabatar a kan page ne abu na gaske grand. Its yi ya hada biyu manyan dam - rockfill (1961.3 m) da kuma kankare (828.7 m). Saboda haka, sauran sallama tashar gaban tsawon shi ne 2690 m. A duka biyu dams a halin yanzu babbar hanyar mota. Watau HPP hidima a matsayin mafi abin dogara da kuma wata gada a fadin Angara, da daya ne kawai a radius na 130 km.

Station Dam yana da biyu spillway. A farko (kasa-type) ne halin da damar 7060 m ³ / s. Na biyu spillway (surface) yana da tsawon 90 m da kuma iya bice rafi wucewa therethrough.

Fagen da ta da hankula zane na wannan wurare. An located bayan da tashar ɓangare na dam. Tare da tsawon ginin ne zuwa kashi 9 sassan, kowanne daga abin da aka kafa daya a tsaye na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar da damar 333 MW. Rotatable ruwa ya kwarara actuated injin turbin janareto 370 MVA. Su ne da wutar lantarki da aka kawota ga mataki-saukar gidajen wuta na 500 KV da 220 KV. Da bayar da ikon tashar via cikin rufaffiyar irin switchgear, dab da ofishin da kuma samar da gini a kan bar banki na Angara.

yawan aiki

A hada damar raka'a irin grand Tsarin kamar yadda Boguchany HPP, a halin yanzu tsaye a 3,000 MW. Da ake samu Angarskaya sabon tashar 20% na jimlar wutar lantarki cinye Krasnoyarsk yankin. Kawai a farkon kwata na 2016 HPP sa shi a cikin adadin 3,126 biliyan kWh.

A mafi girma tsawo daga cikin dam kankare tashar 96 m, girma -. 77 m Nisa karshen kawo wa matakin na 20 m, kuma ta yi aka dauki na domin na 30.5 miliyan cubic mita ƙasa ³

Shirya HPP yi

Da farko, da yanke shawara a kan yi wannan muhimmanci tashar ga tattalin arzikin kasar da aka dauka, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da Tarayyar Soviet ma'aikatar Energy. kira "Boguchangesstroy" aka bayar Yayin da abu. Yana kafa na "Boguchangesstroy" A shekarar 1993, a kan tushen da wannan shiri. A shekara ta 2002, kamfanin ya canja da sunan da. A halin yanzu, abu ne rajista a matsayin JSC "Boguchany HPP".

A cikin bazara na shekara ta 2006 tsakanin "RusHydro" da kuma kamfanonin "Kamfanin Rusal" rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan aiwatar da "BEMA" aikin, a Bugu da kari ga cikar HPP hada da gina wani aluminum shuka Baguchanskogo. Kudade na biyu abubuwa baya gudanar ta hanyar teku kamfanoni. Irin wannan makirci da aka zaba ta hanyar himma kungiyar "Kamfanin Rusal".

Bisa ga Ruwa Code of cikin Boguchany HPP ne tarayya dukiya. Saboda haka, kamfanoni sun] a] en ne kawai da gina wannan abu. All halin kaka domin shiri na flooded yanki Kanmu ta jiha.

Hakika, ba kowa da kowa a cikin shiri na wannan muhimmanci da makaman gudanar smoothly. Da gina tashar a kan Angara River, musamman, ya bayar da shawarar da "Greenpeace". Wannan sananne muhalli kamfanin ba son gaskiya cewa gina irin wannan babban abu kamar ya Boguchany, aka za'ayi ba tare da wajibi a yau a Rasha EIA hanya. Duk da haka, da gina tashar saboda da'awar da "Greenpeace" ba a yi dakatar. Shirya na cikar HPP bayyana rashin so auku EIA hanya doka. Gaskiyar cewa hydroelectric aikin karshe an amince a lokacin Soviet zamanin. A norms na zamani dokokin danganci wani EIA, da babu retroactive sakamako.

Wasu damuwa game da gina wannan makaman da kuma bayyana Jama'a majalisar na Rasha. Kungiyar, musamman, tambayoyi an tashe game da adana tarihi da kuma al'adu a yankin na ambaliya da dauke ararrakin da ba na biyan diyya ga manoman da kuma gazawar da gidaje da muhallinsu.

Hakika, tsara ta Soviet injiniyoyi na tashar aikin ne abi'a rabu amfani yawa a cikin shekaru 25. Saboda haka, babban Oganeza na yi na Boguchany samar da wutar lantarki da shuka (ko kuma wajen, ta ci gaba) - rao "UES na Rasha" - a cikin 2006, izini da Cibiyar "Hydroproject" gudanarwa aiki a kan ta sauya su.

Da farko ko da ya kamata su mõtsar da shuka damar Figures har zuwa 4000 MW. Duk da haka, saboda tsaurara mu lokacin da sufuri na ambaliyar ruwa ya kwarara da bukatun na kwararru na Cibiyar da a tsara wani ƙarin spillway lambar 2, wanda ya kasance ba a cikin na farko daftarin. A sakamakon haka, da shuka ta damar da za a rage zuwa 3000 MW sake.

tattalin arziki muhimmanci

Don kwanan wata, sabon hydroelectric iko shuka a kan Angara samar da wutar lantarki gaba daya sabon ba a kare ba Boguchansky aluminum shuka, wanda ya fitar da fiye da 600 da dubu. Ton na ba-ferrous karafa a kowace shekara. Bugu da kari, da tashar watsa ikon zuwa Taishet shuka da kuma wasu masana'antu da kamfanonin da Lower Angara yankin.

Boguchanskaya HPP ambaliya zone: Area

Lafiyar Qasa da yankin na gina hydroelectric iko tashar ya canza, da rashin alheri, quite tsanani. Bayan kammala tashar aka flooded 1.494 square kilomita na ƙasar, ciki har da - 296 km² na arable asashe, makiyaya da kuma hayfields. Rasa samar da itatuwa da kuma shrubs ya 9,56 mcm ^3. Wani miliyan 10 ^M3 na gandun daji da aka sare a cikin 80 ta na karshe karni, a farkon gina tashar.

A halin yanzu, mahukuntan JSC «Boguchany HPP" tilasta kashe ciki har da dukan matsalolin muhalli da suka taso bayan gina dams. Alal misali, a cikin ambaliya zone a tsakanin sauran karkashin ruwa juya 96 km ² peatland. Hakika, wannan kyakkyawan jagorancin da gurbatawa na kogin. Peat a matsayin mai haske abu da wasu dausayi (su duka yanki - 13 km ²⁾ fara kawai taso kan ruwa zuwa surface. Kamar yadda da shawarar da muhalli ci gaba da wannan mummunan tsari zai zama akalla wata domin shekaru 20. A halin yanzu, domin tsarkake kogi towage ayyuka da kuma bunqasar da peat tsibiran da ake gudanar lokaci zuwa lokaci.

tafki

Area Boguchansky tafki ne 2326 km ^2. A babban ɓangare na shi aka located a Krasnoyarsk Territory (1961 km ^2). Tsawon Boguchansky tafki - 375 km. Kamar haka ta da cikakken ƙarfi - 58,2 km ³ da kuma amfani - 2.3 km ^3. Cika da tafki lokacin da gina hydroelectric iko tashar da ya faru a matakai biyu. A shekarar 2012, ta matakin an rage zuwa matakin na 185 m, da kuma a 2015-m. - 208 m ga aikin Currently Boguchansky tafki ne da za'ayi kullum tsari na kogin gudana da kuma yanayi - a kaikaice flowage. Hawa da sauka a cikin matakin da mutum ya teku a ko'ina cikin shekara kada ku ƙetare 1 m.

Human ƙauyuka a cikin ruwan tsufana zone

A yi na Boguchany samar da wutar lantarki shuka shi ne dalilin da cewa ruwa ya dauki 29 kauyuka da kuma garuruwa. 25 daga cikinsu suna located a Krasnoyarsk yankin da kuma 4 - a Irkutsk yankin. The most shiri ambaliyar ruwa gundumar cibiyar Kezhma.

A total na ambaliya zone aka koma 12173 mutum. Mafi yawa daga cikin mutane da aka dauka daga ƙasar nan gaba tafki a cikin karni na karshe. A cikin shekaru 80 daga yankin game da 8,000 ne aka Hijira. A wannan lokaci mutane da aka ba wani sabon gida a garuruwa na kusa da kuma a cikin kauyuka. A 2008-2011. wani 4905 mutane da aka ƙaura daga flooded yankin. A wannan lokaci, da gidaje da aka bayar kawai a cikin birane. A shekarar 2012, wani sabon wurin zama koma mutane 194, da kuma daga baya - ko da fiye da 1,500.

birni Kodinsk

Asarar da babban adadin arable ƙasar da kuma bukatar barin wurin zaune ga dubban mutane - da cewa shi ne kawai, irin sakamakon da sa a ambaliya. Boguchany HPP, duk da haka, to date, ba kawai wata babbar adadin ikon, shi wajibi ne ga kasa tattalin arziki. A cikin wani hali, an yi imani da cewa gina wannan muhimmanci makaman, duk da tilasta hasara, ya tattalin arziki wajaba a kansa.

Komai a nan da nan kusanci na tashar, kuma gina wani babban sabon gari. Mai suna tashi daga taiga birnin makamashi Kodinsk. Its yi ya fara a 1977. Don kwanan wata, da gabashin kiwo suna located kilomita 8 daga flooded floodplain Angara.

A shekara ta 2016, a Kodinsk, bisa ga statistics, akwai riga game da 16 227 mutane. Bugu da kari ga hydroelectric 'yan ƙasa da damar da yin aiki a cikin gida itace aiki Enterprises, a cikin "Alliance U" LLC, da hadin gwiwa "Biwa" da kuma a cikin reshe na LLC "Siberian DOZ +". A garin yana da cinemas, makarantu, kindergartens, da yawa shagunan da bambancin specializations.

Archaeological da kuma tarihi abubuwa

Kafin samuwar Boguchansky tafki ambaliyar ruwa, a yankin da aka gudanar da suka hada da manyan sikelin-tono. Masana kimiyya karatu 40 dubu. Km ² na ƙasar, kuma aka bayyana fiye da 130 archaeological shafukan. Bugu da kari, da kuma ethnographic safiyo da aka gudanar. A sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa da zone sun sha wahala da yawa muhimmanci abubuwa na katako gine.

Ina Boguchany hydroelectric iko tashar located?

Fara wannan samar da wutar lantarki shuka a Angarsk cascade kuma shi ne karo na hudu ta ƙananan mataki. Baya Ust-Elias tashar cirewa daga cikin Boguchany ne ma Bratsk da Irkutsk. Wannan samar da wutar lantarki shuka is located in Kodinsk kogin tashar. A wannan lokaci intersects Angar babban dutsen massif na ordovika da sedimentary kankara zamanin Cambrian. A matakin da tafki na kogin nisa ne 2-3 km. Rocks a wannan wuri dace da gado ne sosai kusa. A kan hagu banki akwai kananan baranda. Yake shi ne sosai m kuma precipitous. Domin Shots a kanta (nisa da tushe) Angar mika har zuwa 10 km.

Tasiri a kan da lafiyar qasa da yankin

Kamar kowane sauran samar da wutar lantarki, Boguchany da wani banbanci a kan muhalli. A yanayin kasa na yankin bayan da gina tashar ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje. Ko taiga kogin wuri mai faɗi da ta wanzu a nan da ƙarni, mafi yawa canja zuwa lake. Wannan, bi da bi, ya kai ga wani gagarumin raguwa a yawan rheophilous (fi son sauri ruwa) nau'in kifi. Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, sa'a, shi ya girma zuwa wani yawan limnophilic (lake).

A ingancin ruwa a tafki ne m, yafi da wani tsarki a cikin ruwan tsufana zone located sama da Ust-Ilimskoy HPP. Wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne saboda da low inflow Angara a wannan wuri. A tabbacin muhalli, Rotting a kasa da tafki katako da wani pop-up Turf, ba shakka, a kan ingancin ruwa tasiri. Duk da haka, domin kowane muhalli bala'i a wannan yanayin, ka ce, ba shakka, ba lallai ba ne.

A 6-8 km a tafki, a cikin wasu abubuwa da ya canja wani bit da sauyin yanayi. A babban adadin ruwa "garwaya" yanayin. Summer a cikin kusanci da abu ya dan kadan mai sanyaya, da kuma a cikin fall - warmer. Saboda sallama na ruwa a cikin kogi kasa HPS bayyana dogon daskarewa rariya. Babban mummunan sakamakon wannan sabon abu ya kasance da karuwa da m kwana a yankin a lokacin da warmer watanni.