Samuwar, Labarin
Board Nicholas 2. Results na Nicholas II
An ce, idan wani mutum bai sani ba tarihin ƙasarsa ta jihar, ya bai san asalinsu. A daya hannun, cewa yanzu muna, da rabo daga shugabanni, wanda ya yi mulki a 'yan shekara ɗari da suka wuce? Amma yi ya nuna cewa tarihi kwarewa ba ya rasa munasaba a wani zamanin. A zamanin mulkin Nicholas 2 ya da karshe tsirkiya a zamanin da Romanov daular, amma shi kuma ya juya a kira su da haske da kuma mafi muhimmanci a cikin tarihin kasar mu. A cikin labarin kasa za ka sami matsahi na saba da sarauta iyali, ka koyi yadda za Nicholas ya 2. The nau'i na jihar kwamitin ya lokaci, musamman da gyare-gyare da mulkin ya zama ban sha'awa ga kowa da kowa.
The Last Sarkin sarakuna
A zamanin mulkin Nicholas 2 ya nuna cewa a kan Rasha gona da aka ba fassara kishin kasa tare da mai kyau tunani da ɗaukaka ƙwarai da mai kyau na Fatherland. Sahaban ce cewa Nicholas 2 ya fi kama da wani daraja mutumin sauki shiryayye, conscientious, yanã mai alhakin kula da duk wani aiki, kuma ko da yaushe keenly amsa zuwa ga zafi na wasu. Ya aka tausayin mu bi da dukan mutane, har ma da sauki manoma zasu iya magana a kan daidaita tare da wani daga gare su. Amma da sarki taba gafarta wa? Anda suka samu da hannu a kudi zamba, da magudi da kuma yaudarar sauransu.
2 Nicholas garambawul
Bulygin garambawul a 1905
A farko gyara fara ne da wani shiri kashi, da aka gudanar daga Fabrairu zuwa Agusta 1905. A taro na musamman da aka kafa, a karkashin jagorancin ministan cikin gida na AG Bulygin. A wannan lokaci, da manifesto a kan kafa na Jihar Duma da guzuri kan zaben da aka shirya. Suka buga ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1905. Amma saboda wannan yunkuri na aiki ajin zakonosoveschatelnogo Bulygin Duma aka ba tara.
Bugu da kari, da All-Russian siyasa yajin, wanda hakan ya tilasta Tsar Nicholas 2 yi, manyan jam'iyyun siyasa concessions da 17 Oktoba zuwa buga wani manifesto cewa ya zakonosoveschatelnuyu Duma majalisu hakkokin, da siyasa, da 'yancin ya yi shelar da kuma muhimmanci fadada cikin kewayon masu jefa} uri'a.
A auka na Duma ta 1906-1907
A farko abun da ke ciki na Jihar Duma a Rasha ne ƙwarai, mulkin demokra] iyya, amma su sa bukatar - m. Sun yi imani da cewa siyasa, kwaskwarimar dole ne ci gaba, m to daina gonaki landownership, suka yi Allah wadai da autocracy, ci gaba a total tsõro. Bugu da ƙari, sun bayyana rashin yarda na mulki da iko. Hakika, duk wadannan firtsi ba yarda da hukuncin aji. Saboda haka, na farko da na biyu Duma 1906-1907 gg Yana da aka ta wargaza Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas 2.
Ƙare siyasa gyara Nicholas 2 cewa an halicci Yuni Uku daular mulkinsu, karfi da tsare a cikin abin da mutane ta 'yancinta. A sabon tsarin siyasa zai yi aiki ba idan warware matsalar tattalin arziki da kuma siyasa matsaloli.
A zamanin mulkin Nicholas 2 ya da wani watershed ga tsarin siyasa na jihar. A Duma ya zama wani dandali ga zargi da hukumomi, nuna kansa a matsayin 'yan adawa jiki. Wannan ya haddasa wani sabon sauyi tawaye da kuma kara aggravated da rikicin a cikin al'umma.
Aikin gona "Stolypin" garambawul
Yunƙurin na Rasha tattalin arzikin
Gabatar da sababbin abubuwa kawo kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin harkokin noma, da Rasha jihar tattalin arzikin ji na ƙwarai dawo. Hatsi da ake samu ya karu da 2 quintals a kowace kadada, juz'i na tattara kayayyakin girma da 20%, hatsi, dauka a kasashen waje, a juz'i na karu da 1,5 sau. Manoma 'samun kudin shiga muhimmanci ƙara musu sayen ikon karu. A zamanin mulkin Nicholas 2 tãyar da aikin gona zuwa wani sabon mataki.
Amma duk da gagarumar dawo da tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'amurran da suka shafi ba zai warware m. A tsari na gwamnatin zauna guda, kuma ta rashin biyan bukata da mutane hankali ya karu. Tun lokacin da al'umma bar kawai 25% na gonaki da kuma 17% na Ural gudun hijira koma, kuma 20% na manoma da suka ɗauki ƙasa ta Farmers Bank, halakakku. A sakamakon manoman tsaro ƙasar mãkirci rage daga 11 zuwa 8 desyatinas da gona wajen kadada. Ya zama a sarari cewa na biyu gyara daga Nicholas 2 kammala gamsarwa da kuma agrarian matsala ba warwaresu.
Rungumar sakamakon sarautar Nicholas 2, shi za a iya bayar da hujjar cewa Rasha Empire a 1913 ya zama daya daga cikin mafi arziki a duniya. Wannan bai daina bayan 4 shekaru na gilla inda suka kashe wani babban sarki, iyalinsa da kuma m mutane kusa.
Features na ilimi na nan gaba sarki
Irin wannan ilimi gaba sarki sha wahala a kansa iyali. 'yar sarki san daga yara abin da zafi da wahala, sun iya samar da taimako ga wadanda suka bukata shi. Alal misali, mazan da 'ya'ya mata Olga da kuma Maria, tare da mahaifiyarta, Empress Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy, aiki a soja asibitoci a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Don yin wannan, suka wuce musamman likita darussa da 'yan sa'o'i tsaye a kan ƙafãfunsu a aiki tebur.
A yanzu lokaci da muka sani cewa rayuwar sarki da iyalinsa - yana da wani m tsõro ga rayuwarsa, don iyali da kuma ga dukan da Fatherland. Shi ne na farko, kuma farkon babban alhaki, kulawa da damuwa ga dukan mutane. A "sana'a" sarki mai yawan kãfirci, mai hadarin gaske, wanda ya tabbatar da tarihi na Rasha jihar. A sarauta iyali na Nicholas 2 ya zama misali na aminci ga shekaru masu yawa.
The shugaban gidan sararta
2 Nicholas kansa shi ne na karshe Rasha Tsar, kuma shi ya kawo karshen mulkin na House of Romanov Rasha. Ya kasance da babban dan a cikin iyali, da kuma, uwãyensa sun kasance ga Sarkin sarakuna Alexander 3, da kuma Maria Feodorovna Romanova. Bayan da ban tausayi mutuwa kakansa, ya zama magajin zuwa Rasha kursiyin. Nikolai 2 da a kwantar da hankula yanayi, halin da babban addini, girma m, kuma m yaro. Duk da haka, a lokacin da ya dace ya kasance wani karfi da kuma m, a da nufi da kuma ayyuka.
A Empress da uwar gidan
Ƙaunataccen yara daga gidan sararta
A farko yaro na Tsar Nicholas 2 da matarsa Empress Alexandra Feodorovna 'yar Olga. Ta aka haife shi a 1895, a cikin watan Nuwamba da ya zama fi so yaron da iyaye. Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna Romanova ya haziqai, abokantaka da kuma bambanta da mai ikon karatu kowane irin kimiyyar. Daban-daban sahihanci da karimci, da kuma ta Kirista rai da aka tsarki da gaskiya. A farkon sarautar na Nicholas 2 alama haihuwar da farko yaro.
Na biyu yaro na Nicholas 2 'yar Tatiana, wanda aka haifa Yuni 11, 1897. Outwardly, ta duba kamar mahaifiyarta, da kuma halin da mahaifinta ya. Ta ya na da karfi gabar wajibi da kuma soyayya cikin hanya. Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna Romanova da embroidering da kuma dinki, ya yi kowa hankali da kuma ya kasance wani a cikin kowane irin yanayi.
A gaba kuma, daidai da, da na uku yaro na sarki da empress ya zama wani 'yar - Mary. Ta aka haife Yuni 27, 1899. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova daban-daban daga 'yan'uwanku mãtã alheri, friendliness da kuma fun. Ta yana da kyakkyawar bayyanar da ya mai girma lamarinsa. Sosai an daura wa iyaye da kuma ƙaunace su a wajenka.
Sarkin sarakuna da aka saka ido wa ɗansa, amma na hudu yaro daga gidan sararta na yarinya Anastasia fara sake. The sarki ya ƙaunace ta kamar duk 'ya'yanta mata. Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova aka haife Yuni 18, 1901 da kuma a cikin halin da aka sosai kama da yaro. Yana tabbatar da cewa nimble da spirited yaro, sai ta ƙaunar yi wasa pranks kuma yana da wata gaisuwa disposition.
12 ga watan Agusta, 1904 da dogon-jiran magaji haife cikin fadar iyali. A yaron mai suna Alex, a cikin girmamawa ga kakan kaka Alekseya Mihaylovicha Romanova. Tsesarevich gaji duk mafi kyau daga mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa. Ya dearly ƙaunar mahaifansa biyu, kuma mahaifinsa, Nikolai 2 ya da wani real gunki ga shi, ya ko da yaushe kokarin koyi da shi.
Voshestvie kursiyin
A cikin Rasha Empire babban birnin kasar kawo tare wakilan dukan ƙasashe. Daga shugabannin jihar da na kowa mutane - da wakilan kowanne aji kasance a bikin rantsar. Don kama a Paint wannan alamun nasara rana, muka isa Moscow mashawarta artists: Serov, Ryabushkin, Vasnetsov, Repin, Nesterov da sauransu. A sa kambi na Nicholas 2 ya haqiqa bi don Rasha mutane.
Last tsabar kudin Empire
Numismatics - gaske ban sha'awa kimiyya. Rahoton ya bincika ba kawai da tsabar kudi da kuma takardar kudi na kasashe daban-daban da kuma yanayi dazamani. A tarin daga cikin mafi girma tsabar kudin haraji iya gano tarihin kasar, ta tattalin arziki, siyasa da kuma zamantakewa canje-canje. Kuma Nicholas 2 ducat tsabar kudin ya zama almara.
A karo na farko ya aka saki a 1911, sa'an nan kuma a shekara Mint tsabar kudi na zinariya minted a babbar circulations. Denomination na tsabar kudin da aka 10 rubles da aka yi sa da zinari. Zai ze, me ya sa wannan kudi ya ja hankalin masu numismatists da kuma masana tarihi? The kama shi ne cewa yawan bayar da minted tsabar kudi da aka iyakance. Kuma, sa'an nan, shi ya sa hankalta to gasa ga coveted zinariya yanki. Na sadu da su yanzu fiye da ta bayyana Mint. Amma, abin takaici, daga cikin manyan yawan fakes da kuma "samozvanok" da wuya a sami wani fatan tsabar kudin.
A waje Politika Nikolaya 2
Domin lokaci na zamanin da Sarkin sarakuna ya faru biyu manyan soja yakin. A Far East na Rasha jihar fuskanci wani m Japan. A shekara ta 1904, da Rasha-Japanese War, wanda ya janye hankali jama'a daga zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da matsaloli na jihar. The most soja mataki ya faru a sansanin soja na Port Arthur, wanda suka mika wuya a Disamba 1904. Karkashin Mukendi Rasha sojojin rasa yaƙi a watan Fabrairu 1905. A Rasha jiragen ruwa da aka ci, kuma gaba daya sunk kashe tsibirin Tsushima a watan Mayu 1905. Yana ƙare da Rasha-Japanese soja yaƙi da shiga a Portsmouth a watan Agusta 1905 zaman lafiya tana daidai, a karkashin abin da Japan ta rabu Korea da kuma kudancin Sakhalin Island.
A yakin duniya na farko
A birnin Sarajevo a Bosnia da aka kashe magajin ga Austria kursiyin, Ferdinand F., wanda ya jagoranci zuwa farkon yakin duniya na farko a shekara ta 1914 tsakanin Tsakiya Powers da Entente. A Triple Alliance hada da kasashe irin su Jamus, Austria-Hungary da kuma Italiya. A wani bangare na Allied hada da Rasha, Birtaniya da kuma Faransa.
Major ayyukan soji ya faru a kan Western Front a shekara ta 1914. A cikin Eastern Front, da Austro-Hungary aka ci ta Rasha sojojin, ya kusa da mika wuya. Amma Jamus ya taimaka da Austro-Hungarian Empire to tsira da kuma ci gaba da kai hari a kan kasar Rasha.
Sake Jamus tafi da Rasha a cikin bazara da kuma bazara na 1915, shan tare da shi da ya faru na Poland, wani ɓangare na Baltic, kashi na Yammacin Belarus da kuma Ukraine. Kuma a cikin 1916, Jamus da sojojin da babban buga a ran Yammacin Front. Sojojin Rasha kutsa cikin gaban da kuma ci Austria sojojin, bi da bi, directed da ayyukan soji, Janar AA Brusilov.
A waje Politika Nikolaya 2 ya kai ga cewa Rasha jihar aka tattalin arziki m da wani dogon yaki, balaga da kuma matsalolin siyasa. The wakilai, bai boye cewa shi ne bai gamsu da manufofin biyã da mulki da iko. The ma'aikacin-baƙauye tambaya ba a yi niyyar zartarwa, da kuma yakin duniya na II kawai ya dada tabarbare shi. Ta shiga cikin Brest zaman lafiya Maris 5, 1918, Rasha ƙare da yaki.
Summing up
Game da makomar shugabanni iya magana na dogon lokaci. A sakamakon sarautar Nicholas 2 su ne kamar haka: Rasha ya samu wata babbar tsalle a ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma da tabbatarwa daga siyasa da zamantakewa saba wa juna. A zamanin da Sarkin sarakuna da kawai biyu juyin, na karshe daga abin da yake hukunci. Manyan-sikelin hira dangane da sauran kasashe suka kai ga cewa Rasha Empire ya karu da tasiri a gabas. a zamanin mulkin Nicholas 2 shi ya kawo rigima sosai. Zai yiwu, saboda haka, shi yana cikin wadanda shekaru akwai abubuwan da suka faru da ya kai ga canji cikin harkokin siyasa da tsarin.
Na iya zama dogon tattaunawa, ya zama dole a yi da sarki ta wata hanya. Masana tarihi har yanzu ba zai iya yarda a kan wani guda ra'ayi game wanda shi ne na karshe Sarkin sarakuna na Rasha Empire - babban autocrat ko lalacewa statehood. A zamanin mulkin Nicholas 2 - wannan lokaci, wani da wuya sosai lokacin da Rasha Empire, amma a lokaci guda na ƙwarai kuma rai-juya hali.
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