Bindiga yakin duniya na II. Kananan makamai. Trehlineyka Mosin

An dauke, tare da haske hannun Soviet masana tarihi cewa Nazi hordes mamaye na Tarayyar Soviet a 1941, gaba daya dauke da makamai inji bindigogi, kusan tutur, kusan kowane Wehrmacht sojoji daga scribbling "Schmeiser". Kamar yadda ya juya waje a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, bayan wani haƙiƙa jarrabawa na facts, shi ya ba quite gaskiya. Da fari dai, Jamus inji aka kira, dangane da gyara, ko MR.38 MR.40 abu na biyu, H. Schmeiser zanen da aka ba ɓullo da kuma gabatar a cikin zane mai yawan canje-canje (ciki har da katako butt) ƙirƙirar high-rate hari bindiga, wanda ya sami sunan, kuma shi ne daga baya. Kuma uku, babban makami na Nazi mamaye a lokacin yakin da aka fairly m bindiga Mauser Gewehr-98. Idan ka a hankali karanta Siyasa fim mamayewa lokaci, ana iya gani, kazalika da doki-kõma kuraye, da ya ƙunshi babban nau'i na kai Jamus. The Red Army ta Masarauta game da wannan. Trehlineyka Mosin na zane bel da ambaci mawãƙi Tvardovsky, da aminci bauta ga motherland kyau rabin karni.

Mauser: samfur da kuma ci gaban

Hitler ya mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. Ya tafiya na farko a duniya, kuma ko da yake wasu daga cikin Malaman tarihi allude zuwa wajen m yanayi na samu na Iron Cross, wasu fada nan gaba "Fuhrer na Jamus mutane" har yanzu yana. Ya ba da gaske amince da kudi na m makamai, da kuma dauke da mafi kyau Mauser makamai zanen a duniya, wanda ya gudanar da ka ƙirƙiri yarda da juna, misali. Saboda haka, Jamus bindiga yakin duniya na II sun kusan guda, wanda ya yi yaƙi da Jamusanci sojoji da Austro-Hungarian Empire a 1914-1918, tare da qananan zane canje-canje. Its samfur ya Gew.71, ci gaba da 'yan'uwansa William da Bitrus-Paul Mauser, kamar yadda ya bayyana a sarari daga index a 1871. Sa'an nan akwai sabon, m alamu ( "88", "89", "92" da "94"), shan la'akari ra'ayoyin ga kyautata na halaye zuwa daga soja. Qarshe, duk wadannan canje-canje da aka nuna a cikin wasan karshe "Mauser" a '71. A da mafi m Jamus bindiga yakin duniya na II.

Tarihi mosinskoy trehlineyki

Stalin tunani mafi m, da kuma cewa ya biya kashe. Inji a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka samar 6 sau fiye da a Nazi Jamus (shida da miliyan daya). Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa al'ada kananan makamai da hankali ne ba biya. Sun ci gaban sabon model, suka gwada a fama da yanayi (da suka rasa: Khalkhin Goal, Karelian Isthmus), a tsare amfani ko rashin amfani. Amma, Oddly isa, mafi kyau makami na Red Army zauna trehlineyka Mosina, kafa a zamanin mulkin. Yana kasance abin dogara, mai sauƙi ga tsirar da daban-daban farin ciki hade da kyau kwarai dabara da kuma bayanan fasaha da saukaka handling.

Ta na da tarihi dating baya matsayin farko a matsayin sittin na karshe karni. Sa'an nan da Rasha sojojin da ake bukata wani sabon kananan makamai, da kuma wannan matsala da aka fara warware unsystematically. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1892, a gasar da aka sanar a cikin abin da yardarSa, a search na riba da kuma manyan umarni, da yawa kamfanonin da suka sashi: Austria "Mannlicher" Danish "Kragh-Iorgensen" Belgium "Revolver." Ba na zauna a gefe da kuma Rasha gunsmith S. I. Mosin. A ƙarshe ya lashe gida samfurin, ko da yake ta zane marubucin ya yi wasu canje-canje, a yi aron su daga fafatawa a gasa.

Jamus Mauser carbine

A zane ra'ayin karshen XIX karni armourers yi aiki a game da wannan shugabanci. Overview bindiga Gew.98 saukar kadan neman sauyi gabagaɗi. Shin cewa hannu kewaye fis wani sabon daya, da kuma pyatipatronny kantin sayar da karami size saboda biyu-jere tsari na ammonium. Af, da damar mariƙin samarwa kara zuwa bakwai ko ma goma zargin, amma Jamus janar ma'aikatan yanke shawarar cewa wajen biyar. Mauser harsashi 'yan'uwa halitta nasu, kula da kasuwanci na "kaya", da kuma inganta su halaye (size 7,92 x 57). Wurin bladed, bayar da wani fanni na 2 har zuwa km. Kuma, ba shakka, a bayoneti cikin wani cutlass, amma kuma yayi sauran iri.

Amma ga sunan "shotgun", shi kusan bai canja ba wani abu sai dai hanyar da madauri hawa.

zane Mosin

Tsarin faye hali na da Mosin bindiga a matsayin dukan ba sosai daban-daban daga cikin bayanin irin Jamus analogue. Zamo kamar a uku Lines (0,3 '') da aka a Rasha misali ganga tsawon (fiye da ɗaya da ɗari calibers). Ajiye akwatin neotemny, iyãwarsa - hudu harsashi. Recharging ne da za'ayi da hannu, da rufe longitudinally zamiya irin. Fis ne mai matukar sauki da kuma asali a Rasha: domin kaucewa sallama kamata ja jawo kuma juya ta axis, sa'an nan da dan wasan ba zai buga da na share fage. A wurin da 'yan mafi daidaici k godiya ta zuwa ga biyu yiwu matsayi. Mataki na kowane sikelin - mita 200.

Musamman kalmomi cancanci a bayoneti, wanda aka sanye take da Soviet bindigogi yakin duniya na II. Ya kasance mai hudu-gefe lebur-tip (da shi za a iya amfani da wani kayan aiki a lokacin disassembly). Abin bakin ciki ne: raunukan sãme su da baki, nan da nan ta amince, da kuma zub da jini ciki ya faru. Rasha faceted bayoneti aka daga baya ta dakatar da kasa da kasa gunduma.

Bayan shekara ta 1939 da sojoji suka isa modernized Mosin bindiga, suka sãɓã wa jũna daga samfur da wasu zane fasali, duk da haka, bai isa a kula. Canje-canjen lozhevyh zobba, hanyoyin kayyade bayonets da ramrod, kuma grading na gani ya yi awo.

A wasu ƙasashe

Ba wai kawai a cikin biyu main takaddama kasashe, amma a ko'ina cikin sauran duniya alaka da iri atomatik (sai yafi ga submachine gun) ya wary. Rearmament ake bukata a zuba jari sosai, kuma sakamakon babu wanda zai iya hango ko hasashen. Hit daidaito da kuma AMINCI sabon model na tashe shakka, ci gaba da kuma jarabawa da ake bukata domin kara tsaron kasafin kudi. Bugu da kari, ya bayyana cewa kamar yadda wani babba kaya ɗauke da soja zai zama mafi girma, tun da duk wadannan inji ba tara up akai-akai. A mafi m bindigogi yakin duniya na II aka yi, sai dai Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Jamus, Amurka ( "Springfield" da "Garand"), da UK ( "Lee-Enfield"), a Italiya (Mk Ina № 4) kuma a Japan ( "Arisaka") . Su duka suna da amfani ko rashin amfani, amma in general, tabbatar da cewa quite daidai. A babban contenders sun Soviet da kuma Jamus gunsmiths.

Atomatik ABC-36

Bindigogi da wadannan bindigogi suna kira saboda su akwati ne cuts, samar da karfin juyi pool, wanda a sakamakon yana da wani karami karkacewa daga manufa. Makamai a duk mutunta kyau, amma da taro na samfurori a matsayin Red Army da Wehrmacht, wani gagarumin drawback - low kudi. Bayan da harbi da jirgin saman soja ya karkatar da aron kusa aika wani cajin a cikin ɗakin kwanana, kuma shi ya dauki daraja lokaci. Bindiga 7,62 Simonov, al'amurra a 1936 shekara, yana da wani hadadden idan aka kwatanta da trehlineykoy, tsari - mallaki samovzvodom aiki a kan propellant gas makamashi. Bugu da kari, da muzzle birki, rage tasiri, inganta daidaito hits. Duk da haka, duk da dukan waɗannan abũbuwan amfãni, da sharar gida na ammonium kaskantar da fama halaye na makamai, da kuma store 15 qara nauyi harsashi. Umurnin karkata zuwa ga ra'ayi na yiwuwa na maye gurbin ABC-36 misali mai kyau.

Kai-loading tsarin Tokarev SVT-38

Design Tokarev SVT-38 Semi-atomatik line tare da ra'ayi maimakon wani Bindigar. Idan aka kwatanta da ABC-36 ta idan aka kwatanta da idon mafi girma sighting range, ingantattun sauƙi na tabbatarwa, amma, da rashin alheri, tabbatar da cewa ma amfani da tsauraran matakan da capricious. Musamman waɗannan lahani bayyana a lokacin hunturu yaki a lokacin da m kasawa a low yanayin zafi. Duk da haka, duk da cewa da samfurin da aka dauka daga samarwa a 1940, Tokarev SVT-38 bauta a cikin shekaru gwagwarmaya da farkisanci mamayewa. Suna yafi amfani a lokacin da daidaito shi ne mafi muhimmanci fiye da aminci.

Next Design Tokarev SVT-40

Flaws tsarin SVT-38 da aka partially cire a gaba model a 1940. Tare da ƙato da kiba zanen kaya suka yi yaƙi da hakowa ramukan da kuma zurfafa daga fuskoki dabam-dabam inda ya yiwu. SVT-40 ya zama ko da sauki trehlineyki, amma mafi ƙaranci daga gare ta m quality, mafi daraja da sojoji - in AMINCI. Bugu da kari, da rashin fasaha da horar da ma'aikata mafi yawan Red Army da ya hana m sabis na gwada muggan makamai. Daidaito ne ma Dortmund. Amma ya amfani da SVT-40 samu a cikin na musamman raka'a tsara don daidai da harbe-harben. Ta ji bari ba mafi kyau maharbi bindiga, amma quite mai kyau. Kowane "akwati" yana da hali, da kuma hali, da kuma idan maharbin ya talented, ya aka zarar szhivaetsya tare da makamansu, to daidaita zuwa gare shi da kuma cimma kyau kwarai da sakamakon.

Semiautomatic AVT-40

inji samar ne mafi tsada fiye da a bindiga. Kafin yakin, da kuma a farkon shi yana da matukar muhimmanci, don haka Tokarev sanya wani giciye kuma kamar yadda ya zama kamar ma mafi kyau. Fighter, dauke da makamai a bindiga AVT-40 zai fire guda Shots da bursts. A kantin sayar da aka located goma akai-akai. Duk da haka, shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa da mai karɓar ba zai iya jure shafe tsawon buga da kuma wuta ta atomatik dakatar. Babban amfani da samfurin juya a kira su m, kuma duk sauran Manuniya daga cikin samfurin bada wata bindiga Mosin.

Makamai Soviet makasa ...

Akwai category na kananan makamai, da Shirin zanen da wanda duk ya saba halaye na girma samfurori jinya. Babban manufar zanen ne don tabbatar da ikon samun kibiya daga nesa dama a kan manufa. Daidaito ne mafi muhimmanci. Soviet maharbi bindigogi yakin duniya na II aka sanya a cikin biyu main tsarin. A shekarar 1931, duk wannan mosinskaya trehlineyka, tare da wani dan kadan modified bawul rike, da kuma sanya tare da wani musamman ingancin aji, samu Tantancewar gani. Azahiri, shi ya bambanta daga asali tsarin a cewa rufe kara shi nuna zuwa ƙasa, maimakon sama kamar yadda a cikin kafin art.

Soviet maharbi bindigogi daga yakin duniya na II SVT-40 da aka bayyana a sama. Yana kawai ya rage don ƙara da cewa a cikin yi ne mafi metalworking daidaici kuma, ba shakka, da fasali envisaged sashi na kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta.

... da kuma Jamus

A farkon yakin da dannawa Nazis sun iya kama gagarumin hannun jari na Soviet makamai. Ba su kasa su yi amfani da su. A sakamakon haka, da yawa Soviet bindigogi yakin duniya na II, ciki har da maharbi, karbi Wehrmacht. Duk da sauki daga cikin zane, suka nuna babban yabo da abokan gaba, wanda har 1942 da aka ba samuwa ga mafi m kayayyaki. Wadannan sun hada da maharbi bindigogi Zf.Kar.98k, wakiltar karin ci-gaba "Mauser" a 1898, da kuma wasu daga cikin kama raka'a, baya makale a cikin shagaltar da kasashen (Czechoslovakia, Faransa, Belgium, da dai sauransu). Very m ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar wani matasan na'ura gun da maharbi makamai. A zane da aka kira Fallschirmjägergewehr 42 (bindiga ga parachutist). Wasu kwararru ne karkata zuwa yi imani da cewa shi ne mafi kyau maharbi bindiga. Duk da haka dai, a wancan lokaci shi ne mafi zamani ci gaba da kuma amsa kawai a cikin Elite raka'a paratroopers da SS.

bayan da yaki,

A halin yanzu, da duniya atomatik bindigogi da maye gurbin da bindiga. Yanzu, daya harbe kawai makasa. Mafi na kowa musamman makamai a cikin tsohon Tarayyar sarari da kuma bayan shi ya zauna a yau Dragunov bindiga, tsara a shekarar 1963. Dalilin da shahararsa shi ne hankula ga duk Rasha makamai. Shi ne unpretentious, abin dogara, in mun gwada m, kuma yana da kyau kwarai halaye. The zane na PRS hadawa da mafi kyau halaye mallaki maharbi bindigogi yakin duniya na II, musamman Soviet. Mutane da yawa kayayyaki, ƙirƙira ko inganta a cikin 30s da 40s, an yi amfani da a cikin makirci.

A kwatanta da American takwaransa M24, a duban farko, ya tabbatar da magabaci daga cikin American samfurin. A babban matakin daidaito da aka cimma a kasashen waje injiniyoyi, da ake ji mataki rifling 320 mm. Duk da haka, a gaskiya shi itace cewa sabanin da shi Dragunov bindiga ne a duniya da kuma iya wuta iri daban-daban na makamai, ciki har da makamai-sokin incendiary. A lokacin aiki akwai lokuta inda SvD ko da gudanar da harba saukar da jirgin sama, ciki har da irin wannan da wuya kayar kamar yadda UAVs, jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma jet hari da jirgin sama.