Bell - menene wannan? jirãge kararrawa

Za ka iya amsa tambaya cewa kawo tare da jirgin ta kararrawa, na da squire matsaransa, wato Kogin a cikin Kola Larabawa da kuma Bay a Primorsky Krai? Watakila ba. Common to duk wadannan Concepts ne da sunan - da kararrawa. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda lokuta inda Rasha harshen matsayin suna iya zama mai dace sunan da na kowa suna. Bari mu gano abin da ma'anar wannan kalma, da yadda kuma a lõkacin da ya bayyana a cikin harshe.

Asalin kalmar

babu wani unanimity matsayin da asalin kalmar "kararrawa" tsakanin masana ilimin harsuna. Wasu nace cewa shi ya faru a kan Old Slavonic "ryndat" - "girgiza." Sauran masana ilimin harsuna jayayya da cewa watakila shi da aka aro daga na da Jamusanci harshe, da kuma kararrawa - modified kara kalma ridder - «Knight».

Wani jarrabawa ya nuna cewa kalmar "kararrawa" haƙĩƙa, sun shige a cikin Rasha harshen Turanci daga. Don koyi daga Birtaniya suna suna tukin jirgin Rasha matuƙan gina tawagar zobe kararrawa a mafi bayyana da kuma sauki lafazi - "kararrawa kidan."

Amma bari mu bar masana tarihi da kuma philologists muhawara a kan etymology, da kuma da kansu za su fahimci cewa abin da yake da ma'anar kalmar "kararrawa", a cikin wanda lokuta shi da ake amfani.

Bari mu fara da mafi tsufa tarihi muhimmanci.

fadar ciyar

Yau, cewa kararrawa aka kira sarkin ta kare lafiyarsa squires pre-Petrine zamanin, da aka sani da mafi yawa ga malamai karatu Rasha tarihi XVI-XVII ƙarni. Sai dai itace cewa kararrawa - a kotu matsayi, wanda zai iya kawai dauki boys daga m da m iyalansu. Su main aiki ya ga tallafawa da kuma kariya daga m a lokacin tafiya da kuma daban-daban tafiye-tafiye. A lokacin muhimmanci receptions a fadar suka gina a kan ko dai gefen Ma'abũcin Al'arshi. Rynda ko da yaushe sa mai kaifin tufafin da kuma dauke da makamai nauyi gatura, guduma. A farkon da XVIII karni, da post da aka soke.

A zamani Rasha harshen da kalmar "kararrawa" a gabar "matsaransa" ko "squire" ba a amfani da kuma shi ne historicism.

sojojin ruwa halaye

Yau, a lõkacin da suka ce "da jirgin ta kararrawa", suka nufi da jirgin ta kararrawa, wanda tun lokacin da Bitrus, kowane sanye take jirgin. Sun ba togiya, kuma submarines.

A gaskiya, a lokacin da ta je dukan dokokin, kararrawa - shi ne ba kararrawa, da sauti, wanda shi ne zuwa alamar farkon wani sabon rana a kan jirgin. Saboda haka, domin ƙarni amfani da sunan jirgin ta kararrawa - kararrawa - shi ya zama al'ada.

Duk da cewa duk zamani jiragen ruwa suna sanye take da mafi zamani ƙararrawa tsarin, kararrawa har yanzu ana amfani kamar yadda a cikin kõgi, kuma marine aikace-aikace a wuya yanayi, misali lokacin da tuki a hazo ko da ya faru na gaggawa a kan jirgin.

Lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin Rasha sojojin ruwa?

A lokacin Bitrus I, yana rayayye tasowa Rasha Navy da aka horar a cikin art na kewayawa kasashen waje Rasha matuƙan, tare da sabon sharuddan, dokokin, kuma ya bayyana kararrawa jirgin dokoki. Rasha matuƙan jiragen ruwa tafiya, jirãge sunã yin amfani da Turanci tawagar "doke da kararrawa» (ringi kararrawa), ɗauke ta, ba da gaske tunani game da ma'anar. A tsawon lokaci, m waje tawagar ya samo asali a cikin guntu - "kararrawa kidan."

asali ayyuka

Bell-kararrawa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar jirgin cikin natsuwa, kuma bauta ba ne kawai don ƙayyade lokacin, amma kuma ga tawagar da za a gina wani tarin ko ƙararrawa, alama da kasancewar a wani hadari ko hazo. Bugu da kari, matuƙan la'akari da shi a irin mascot na jirgin da kuma kare.

Saita kararrawa a kan baka na jirgin, kuma shi ake kira da sunan da jirgin ruwa. Domin sanin lokacin da matuƙan 'kidan kwalban "kowace awa daya da rabi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kafin jirgin ruwa sun kawai wani hourglass tare da wani matsakaicin tazara na minti 30. Special ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa sa ido a lokacin da ikonsa ya tare da yashi daga sama zuwa kasa da tasa, ya juyar da kowane lokaci da kuma doke kwalabe. Jirgin shatan fili ma'anar nawa kwalabe kana da ya doke a matsayin Navy rana ne zuwa kashi hudu lokaci lokaci, kowanne daga abin da bounces wani ajali yawan lashe. Saboda haka, a karfe 12, wato, da rana, buga sau uku.

Domin matuƙan kararrawa - shi ne ba kawai da ba sosai sigina kayan aiki. Yawancin lokaci shi ne mascot a kan m gefen wanda, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, shi ne jirgin sunan.

marine ãyõyi

Mariners - mutane ne m, kuma da irin wannan muhimmanci alama ce da jirgin a matsayin mai kararrawa, da alaka da kuri'a na ãyõyi, a cewa su yanzu yi imani:

• Daya daga cikin mafi tsoho ãyõyi, ko da ya zo da sailing jiragen ruwa, shi ne ya yi ĩmãni da cewa karfi sauti na jirgin ta jirgin ta kararrawa iya kwantar da tsanani hadari bugãwa teku, da kuma kore shaidan.
• Idan saboda wasu dalilai da jirgin ya canjãwa da sunan da, da kararrawa ya kasance iri guda, da kuma tare da tsohon sunan.
• A cikin taron cewa jirgin yana da wani jariri, shi ne sau da yawa a giciye ko sauti na jirgin ta jirgin ta kararrawa, da kuma wani lokacin a kanta.
• Lokacin da jirgin ya kararrawa ringing crack, ko kuma ba tare da dalili, da ƙungiya suna jiran wasu irin matsala da kuma matsaloli.
• Duk wanda ya sãci ko lalacewar da jirgin ta kararrawa, a kansa za ya wahala.
• Don jin ringing na jirgin ta kararrawa sunken jirgin - to tsanani gwaje-gwaje ko mutuwa.

Gwargwadon sunayen

Amma baya cikin tarihi da kuma Maritime muhimmanci, da kuma kararrawa amfani a wuri sunayen. Map Rasha yana Rynda bay a tsibirin Rasha a cikin Primorsky Territory da kogin tare da wannan sunan a kan Kola Larabawa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa sunan kogin, a fili, ya zo daga tsohon Rasha "ryndat" gagarumin "shake", amma bay samu da sunan da girmama na Rasha Corvette bronepalubnogo "Rynda", iyo a cikin tekun Pacific a cikin XIX karni.

Rynda River aka located a arewa-maso-gabas da Kola Larabawa Ya shimfiɗa a cikin Barents Sea.

Domin wannan kogi ne quite aiki, kuma akwai uku kyau waterfalls. A sama na tekun m, mai karko da kuma karfi, da kuma sashen kogin yankunan suna cike da koyaswa ramukan. A kasa na tudu Rynda mafi m da kuma low. Kamar yadda sashen kogin da kuma waterfalls samar da isasshe damar zuwa "ryndat". Wannan kogin ne sananne ga ta kama kifi, ya zo da manyan Atlantic kifi da kuma teku kifi, ruwan kasa kifi zauna da Arctic char. A babba ya kai na mãkirci mai yawa burbot, Pike, kuma perch.

A Primorye, tsibirin na Rasha, ɓangare na birnin iyãkõkin Vladivostok, shi ne Rynda bay, photos na wanda za ka iya gani a kasa. Yana nufin da Tekun Japan da aka located in yammacin ɓangare na tsibirin, tsakanin bays na Voivod da Babkin. A tsawon m, kuma m ƙirin Rynda bay - game da kilomita 5 tare da shi ne da rairayin bakin teku, sun dade rare tare da yan unguwa. A nan shi ne: abin tsayawarta ga jiragen, yawon shakatawa da wuraren, kazalika da biya rairayin bakin teku da wani ban sha'awa sunan "Holiday Rybakov." Feedback daga kama kifi magoya, wannan shi ne inda mafi kyau cizo fama.