Babban Maɗaukaki a Athens

A Parthenon a Athens. Wane ne bai taɓa jin labarinsa ba? A fili yake cewa shi ne wata alama ce ta zamani Girka da ta babban birnin kasar, da kuma a karnoni da aka gani da kuma ci gaba da za a gane a matsayin misali na kyakkyawa, daya daga cikin mafi kyau incarnations na zamanin d al'adu. Amma mene ne zamu san game da wannan gine-ginen gini? Bari mu taƙaita taƙaitaccen bayanan da aka sani.

Yanayi

Parthenon yana a Athens. An gina shi a kan tudu (mita 156) tare da mai laushi, wanda yake a tsakiyar gari - Acropolis. Acropolis shine ainihi ne daga tarihin zamanin Girka. Kamar kakanninmu, Slavs, mazaunan Ancient Girka, mafi muhimmanci daga cikin birane sun kasance a kan tsaunuka da kuma garu. Bayan bayan bangon ganuwar gidan sarauta ne, mafi yawan gidajen ibada da kuma kayan tarihi masu yawa waɗanda aka keɓe ga gumakan kare. Slavs sun kira birni mai karfi da yaro, kuma daga bisani Kremlin, da kuma Girkanci wani birni. A cikin Acropolis na Athens ne ba kawai da Parthenon, amma sauran gine-gine na lokuta daban-daban.

Gina lokaci

Parthenon a Athens an gina kimanin shekaru 10, daga 446 zuwa 438 BC. Sa'an nan kuma, har tsawon shekaru 6, da kayan ado na ginin ya ci gaba. A wannan lokacin, Athens ba kawai wani tsari ba, amma gari ne. Dokokin wannan ƙananan hukumomi Pericles - wani mutum wanda ya zama sanannen sanannen basira da kuma basirar soja kuma ya zama mai kafa mulkin dimokiradiyya. A lokacin mulkinsa, an yi Athens ado da wasu wurare dabam dabam, da bagadai, da kayan ado.

Mene ne Parthenon a Athens?

Wannan haikalin sadaukar da Girkanci aljanna Athena. Daya daga cikin manufofin 'yar Zeus ya "Parthenos" - "budurwa, budurwa," don haka da Parthenon - a wurin bauta Athena, Virgo. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, a lokacin shekaru na kasancewarsa shi gudanar ya ziyarci ba kawai tsoho Wuri Mai Tsarki, amma kuma da Kirista babban coci da albarka Virgin Mary (VI-XII karni), da kuma cocin coci (XIII-XIV karni), da kuma cikin Musulmi masallaci (XV-XVII ƙarni).

Tarihin ginin

Ayyukan aikin gine-ginen sun jagoranci jagorancin Filaliya mai tsohuwar Girkanci. Masu bincike na zamani sun gano cewa kammala tsarin shine saboda daidaituwa na tsarin mulkin "allahntaka", wanda aka kwatanta rabo daga wasu sassa na dukan ma'auni, "rabo na zinariya".

Ga Parthenon ya yi jituwa, Acropolis ya kara girma, an gina ginin da aka gina. Tsakanin tsawon haikalin da sassa na tudu a gaba da baya bayan Parthenon akwai dangantaka da girman zinariya. Mun kafa tsarin marmara mai launi, an ƙera shi da jan karfe, hauren giwa, ebony, cypress. Sashin Parthenon a Athens ya zama mashahuri mai ban sha'awa sosai - halittar masanan kayan aiki na yumbu, masassaƙa, ma'aikata na katako, stonemasons, masu zane-zane, masu amfani da launi, mawallafi. A cewar labari, lokacin da daya daga cikin jakai, wanda ya kori duwatsu zuwa Acropolis, ya zama cikakke kuma ya janye daga aikin yau da kullum, ya ci gaba da "aiki" kowace safiya zuwa Parthenon.

Ginin yana da tsada. Amma lokacin da Pericles ya nuna cewa 'yan ƙasa sun ɗauki duk kuɗin a kan asusun su (kuma sun rubuta sunayensu akan ginin), mazaunan Athens sun ƙi, kuma rundunonin sun bayar da kudade.

Sunset

Haikali mai sanannen shi ne cibiyar addini na birnin na ƙarni 17. Amma a shekara ta 1687, a kan umarnin Janar Konigsmarck na Sweden, 'yan Venetians sun hallaka Parthenon. An ci Athens, an kashe daruruwan mata da yara. Abin takaici, haikalin ya sha wahala sosai kuma a cikin shekaru masu yawa ba zai ƙara yin ayyukansa ba. Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na XIX, mutane (duka Helenawa da 'yan kasashen waje) sun rabu da bango da ɓangarori na siffofin da aka rushe, an fitar da manyan ayyukan fasahar waje.

An gina gine-ginen shekaru 10 kuma kusan kusan ƙarni biyu ke ƙoƙarin sakewa. Idan kun kasance mai farin cikin zuwa Girka, to hakika za ku tafi wani motsa jiki "Athens: Acropolis. Parthenon "don ganin daya daga cikin manyan wuraren tarihi.