Babban hadarin da Tarayyar Soviet: tarihi, description, da kuma wani jerin statistics. A mace wanda ya tsira a hadarin jirgin sama a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Air hadarurruka faru gwada infrequently, amma kowanne daga cikinsu a wata hanya ta musamman damun jama'a. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin in da su a wani lokaci ya kashe mutane da dama da kuma daruruwan mutane. A wannan girmamawa, shi ya ba togiya da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. Bari mu dubi babbar hadarin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da bayani da kuma statistics na shafa.

jerin bala'i

Yadda yawa jirgin sama hatsarori a cikin Tarayyar Soviet? Idan la'akari har ma da karami, ba tare da costing wadanda ke fama, da lambar shi ne manya-manyan, kuma abu ne mai wuya a yi incalculable. Za mu mayar da hankali a kan mafi shahara da most wreck. List of jirgin sama hadarurruka a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ne kamar haka:

• bala'i a Tiflis (1925);
• hadarin a Jamhuriyar Aerodrome a Moscow (1935);
• mutuwar Air Force umurnin a Sverdlovsk (1950);
• hadarin jirgin sama a Vurnarsky District (1958);
• bala'i kusa Krasnoyarsk (1962);
• hatsari a Sverdlovsk (1967);
• karo na jirgin sama a kan Kaluga Region (1969);
• bala'i a Svetlogorsk (1972);
• durkushe a Kharkov yankin (1972);
• hadarin jirgin sama a Nerskaya River Lake (1972);
• hadari a Birnin Leningrad, (1974);
• mutuwa "Pakhtakor" tawagar (1979);
• karo fiye da Zavitinsk (1981);
• bala'i a filin jirgin sama Omsk (1984);
• hadarin da Lviv (1985);
• bala'i kusa Uchkuduk (1985);
• bala'i a filin jirgin sama Kurumoch (1986);
• hadarin a Irkutsk yankin (1989).

A cikin jerin hada da ba wai kawai da most wreck a cikin yawan wadanda ke fama, amma kuma mafi resonant. Hakika, da yawan jirgin sama hadarurruka a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya fi, amma za mu mayar da hankali, yafi a kan kawai sama bala'in.

A farko bala'i

Babban bala'i a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya buɗe hadarin jirgin sama na fasinja Junkers F 13, wanda ya faru a Tiflis a Georgia a shekarar 1925. A nan ne za ka iya fara kirgawa jirgin sama bala'in a cikin Soviet jihar.

Wannan bi jirgin na Jojiyanci babban birnin kasar Sukhum. A saka a jirgin su biyu ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma uku da fasinjoji, yawo a kan hukuma aiki. Bayan minti 15 bayan ya tashi Junkers F 13 ba zato ba tsammani ta kama da wuta. Biyu daga cikin fasinjoji sanya wata matsananciyar tsalle, amma fadi zuwa mutuwarsa. A wasu fasinjoji sun kashe wani fashewa a karo na jirgin sama da ƙasa.

M hanyar da wuta haka ka shigar da kasa, amma, a cewar daya version, shi ya faru saboda gaskiyar cewa daya daga cikin fasinjojin da ya jefa a kona wasan a kan bene.

Hakika, sikelin da taron da yawan wadanda ke fama da shi ne da yawa na baya zuwa ga waɗanda bala'i, wanda za mu tattauna daga baya, amma duk da haka shi ne wannan jet hadarin za a iya kira na farko a cikin tarayyar Soviet.

A bala'i a Moscow filin jirgin sama

Babban hadarin da Tarayyar Soviet ta ci gaba da bala'i da ya faru a watan Mayu 1935 a cikin m yanki na Moscow, wanda aka located a kauyen Sokol. A sa'an nan da matukin jirgin Nikolay Balagin, dauke a kan jirgin saman soja jirgin jirgin sama ya fadi a cikin Ant-20 "Maxim Gorky". Fãce da kansa, 11 ne suka mutu daga cikin tawagar ma'aikatan fasinja jirgin sama da kuma 38 fasinjoji. Ko da yake akwai kuma m data cewa fasinjoji ya 50. Saboda haka, jimlar yawan wadanda ke fama da jeri daga 49 zuwa 62 mutane.

A hukuncin da bincike unequivocal - matukin kuskure.

A mutuwa na BBC tawagar

Tattauna da hadarin jirgin sama a Rasha da kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, wanda zai iya ba manta game da mutuwar Air Force tawagar kwallon gora na 'yan wasa a farkon Janairu 1950, tafiya daga Moscow zuwa Chelyabinsk wani taro tare da na gida tawagar. Jirgin ya faru a wani wajen nauyi yanayin yanayi, cewa ya kasance daya daga cikin Sanadin da bala'i. Wani dalili na matsaloli a cikin kungiya da ake kira da dispatcher sabis, da farko miss saukowa "su" da jirgin sama, da kuma Li-2, wanda ya tashi da Air Force tawagar, ya dade a cikin iska, jiran izinin zuwa kasa.

Saboda haka, statistics na hadarurruka a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a bayansa da tare da wani mutum goma sha tara wadanda ke fama, na wanda 8 sun ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma 11 - 'yan wasa a cikin tawagar.

Derailment Vurnarsky District

Kamar sauran manyan hadarin jirgin sama a Rasha da kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da bala'i a Vurnarsky District zai dogon zama a cikin memory na mutane, musamman mai makokin dangi. Haka ya faru a kusa da kauyen na Bulatov Chuvashkoy ASSR a watan Oktoba 1958.

Tu-104A aka ɗauke da tawagar kasar Sin da shugabannin jam'iyya daga Omsk zuwa Moscow, amma batu na zuwa saboda mummunan yanayi da matukan jirgin da jiragen da aka ƙi da takardar. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki da aka maimaita ta a cikin Gorky. Saboda haka, da ƙungiya yanke shawarar tashi zuwa Sverdlovsk. Amma wannan shawarar bayar ga m canji mana. A dauke da fitar da wannan wuya rawar daji, da jirgin sama da ke cikin wani karfi iska rafi, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa ya shiga a nutse, da kuma cewa shi ne dalili na karo da ƙasa.

A sakamakon haka, da hadarin kashe tara ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma 71 fasinjoji.

Tashin hankalin kusa Krasnoyarsk

Hakika, shi duka ya faru a wani hadarin jirgin sama a Rasha da kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet - mai girma masĩfa, amma tsakanin sauran za a iya gano ta da bala'i na Krasnoyarsk a watan Yuni 1962. Yana sãɓã wa jũna daga wasu a cikin wannan sabili da aka ba matukin kuskure ko wani manajan, ba a matsalar aiki na samfur na jirgin sama, da kuma yanayin yanayi, da kuma wani anti-aircraft makami mai linzami buga shigar.

Abin lura shi ne cewa hanyar da hadarin na Tu-104 da aka tashi daga Irkutsk zuwa Omsk, ya kasance wani asiri. Kawai a lokacin da nazarin sassa na jirgin sama a karo site ya iya gane lalacewar da fuselage fata. Kuma rami ya daga waje. Kawai daga baya ya juya daga cewa nan kusa da aka gudanar atisayen sojin, kuma saboda mummunan yanayi ne daya daga cikin anti-aircraft missiles've rasa ainihin manufar da kuma refocus a kan Tu-104.

A sakamakon wannan bala'i ya mutuwar takwas ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma 76 fasinjoji. Kamar yadda yawan wadanda ba har sai da irin wannan babban hadarin da Tarayyar Soviet.

Hadarin jirgin sama a Sverdlovsk

Wani mai ban tausayi rikodin aka kafa a 1967 kusa Sverdlovsk, inda ya fado jiragen Il-18. A hadarin kashe 99 fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin 8 na wani mutum. Kuma a sake, duk da hadarin da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya faru haka dogon iya yi daidai da yawan wadanda suka jikkata daga wannan.

A sabili da bala'i da kasa kafa m. Jirgin sama a high gudun fado a cikin ƙasa, sakamakon karya cikin da yawa guda. Duk da haka, akwai aka sa a gaba version na fasaha matsalar aiki na samfur.

A bala'i da Kaluga Region

Hakika, Magana game da babbar hadarin a Rasha da kuma Tarayyar Soviet, ba za a iya saka manta da rushewar wani Yukhnov a 1969. Bayan duk, shi ne mafi manyan-sikelin bala'i a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, bisa ga yawan wadanda ke fama da masu cewa sun faru a sakamakon da karo na biyu da jirgin sama. Bugu da kari, shi ya auka daga cikin mafi shahararren a cikin Kaluga yankin.

A hadarin ya faru ne a sakamakon da karo jiragen Il-14M da kuma soja kai jirgin sama An-12BP. A sakamakon wannan ban tausayi taron da aka mutuwar mutane 24 da suka a kan jirgin wani fasinja da kuma 96 mutane a kan wani soja jirgin sama. Duk da kashe 5 mambobi ne na ƙungiya biyu iska motocin.

Dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari ya gane ta biyu carriages take hakkin sigogi qaddara tsawo.

Tashin hankalin a Svetlogorsk

Daga cikin sauran jirgin sama hatsarori da cewa ya faru a cikin tarayyar Soviet, haskaka da bala'i na shekarar 1972 a birnin Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad yankin. Wannan ke nan a lõkacin da wani soja kai jirgin sama An-24T, sanya mai shirya circled fadi. Tashin hankalin da wannan taron ne da cewa a cikin fall da jirgin saman ya fadi a kan wata kindergarten. A sakamakon haka, rasa ba kawai duk 8 mambobi ne na ƙungiya, amma kuma uku da ma'aikata da makarantan nasare cibiyoyin da 24 yara. A total number daga cikin wadanda aka aka mutane 34.

Duk da yake wannan ban tausayi da ya faru da hukumomin kokarin boye, amma, duk da haka, wani taron na wannan girma ba za a iya sanya jama'a. A binciken da aka za'ayi a halin asiri, da kuma sakamakon da aka sanya jama'a ne kawai a 2010, watau bayan da Tarayyar Soviet auka. A cewar rahoton, a cikin hanyar da bala'i ya matalauta horo na matukan jirgi. Amma ba guda laifi hali dangane da taron da kuma ya ba bude, ko da yake su da aka cire daga posts 'yan dozin high-ranking soja ma'aikata.

Ganin cewa a cikin hanyar da bala'i ya zama wani soja jirgin sama, sa'an nan wannan taron za a iya rubuta su a wani soja hadarin jirgin sama a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

A bala'i a cikin Kharkiv yankin

Wani manyan bala'i ya faru a shekara ta 1972 a cikin Kharkiv yankin kusa da kauyen na Rasha Lozova. A wannan wuri ne ya fado fasinja jirgin sama An-10, yawo a kan hanya Moscow - Kharkiv. A sakamakon hadarin jirgin sun quite ban tausayi - 122 an kashe mutane, na wanda - 7 ma'aikatan jirgin.

A binciken da tabbatar da cewa dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari ya fara fasaha shortcomings na jirgin sama tsarin. Saboda haka nan da nan jiragen An-10 da aka janye daga sabis.

Hadarin jirgin sama a kusa da birnin Moscow

Wani manyan bala'i, wanda ya faru a cikin wannan shekara ta 1972, ya rushewar Il-62, da aka tafiya daga Paris zuwa Moscow, daga Nerskaya River Lake yayin da saukowa a karshen aya daga cikin jirgin. A sakamakon wannan bala'i ya mutuwar 164 fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin 10. A wannan lokaci shi ne mafi m hadarin jirgin sama, wanda ya faru a kan ƙasa na Rasha. A lokacin, yawan matattu iya wuce ta kawai bala'i a Omsk a 1984.

A binciken da bai bayyana ainihin dalilin da hadarin, amma daya daga cikin manyan versions aka dauke su ba daidai ba altimeter saitin.

Rushewar Leningrad

Statistics jirgin sama hadarurruka a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Rasha zai zama bai cika ba tare da ambata auka daga cikin jiragen Il-18B a Birnin Leningrad, a shekara ta 1974. Af, shi ya zama mafi girma jirgin sama da bala'i, wanda ya faru a cikin kusanci da na biyu mafi girma a birnin a cikin tarayyar Soviet.

A jirgin sama da aka je a kan jirgin Leningrad - Zaporozhye, kuma kawai ya tashi daga gare ku tashi batu kamar yadda ya kora sama da engine. The ƙungiya kokarin dawo da jirgin sama zuwa filin jirgin sama, amma wuta kawai tsananta a lokacin da saukowa, da matukan jirgi rasa iko da jirgin ya fado. Dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari matsalar aiki na samfur a cikin engine aka mai suna. A daidai wannan lokaci, masu sana'a ayyuka na ƙungiya daga matukan jirgin, an lura da cewa, amsa a daidai bisa ga umarnin da suka yi duk abin da zai yiwu a hana bala'i.

A sakamakon wannan bala'i a kashe 102 fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin 7. A total number of wadanda ƙidaya 109 mutane.

A mutuwa na kwallon kafa tawagar "Pakhtakor"

Duk wani hadarin sa babba amsa, amma shi ne musamman murna da jama'a, a lõkacin da ta kashe shahararrun mutane, artists, 'yan wasa. Haka ya faru a shekarar 1979, a lokacin da a sakamakon da karo na biyu Tu-134 a Dneprodzerzhinsk kashe kusan duk mambobi ne na kwallon kafa tawagar da Tarayyar Soviet Major League "Pakhtakor" Tashkent. Amma ko da ba tare da wannan ba guda hadarin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, irin wannan babban sikelin bisa ga yawan wadanda ke fama. A sakamakon wannan bala'i kashe a total na 178 mutane a kan duka biyu da jirgin sama, ciki har da 17 "Pakhtakor" tawagar 'yan wasa da kuma 13 mambobi ne na jirgin sama ƙungiya. Babu wani daga cikin auka a cikin tarihi na Tarayyar Soviet ba su gani irin wannan babban adadin ya shafa. Bugu da kari, bala'i ne har yanzu ranked na biyu a duniya a yawan kashe a cikin karo na biyu jiragen.

Bisa ga binciken da hukuma gudanar da bincike, a cikin hanyar irin wannan babban-sikelin bala'i ya zama Manager Laifi.

tsira

Hakika, karo na biyu da jirgin sama a kan Zavitinsk a 1981 ne mai wuya a sa a kan wani jerin: "The most na hadarin da Tarayyar Soviet." Yana ne na ƙwarai daban-daban. An hade da wannan taron ne kawai daya daga duk fasinjoji mace, tsira da hadarin jirgin sama a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan ta yi wannan bala'i da aka sani zuwa ga dukan duniya.

Larissa Savitskaya, wato don haka ya kira tsira daga hadarin jirgin sama a Tarayyar Soviet, tare da mijinta ya dawo daga gudun amarci mu a ƙasarsa ta Blagoveshchensk a kan An-24 jirgin sama. Tashin hankalin ya faru a tsawon fi 5,000 mita, a lokacin da jiragen karo da jiragen yakin Tu-16. Sa'an nan kuma, hukuma dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari za a mai suna savanin yakin da kuma soja iko da sabis.

A lokacin karo Savitskaya jirgin sama ya barci, amma ta farka daga wani karfi buga da konewa daga sanyi saboda depressurization na yadi. Sashe na daga cikin jirgin sama, inda matar ta a raga cikin wani hadarin jirgin sama a Tarayyar Soviet, fadi a Birch ƙasar da a wasu hanya zuwa matashi da fall. Bugu da kari, ta yi sa'a cewa, ta kasance kawai a cikin wutsiya sashe na jirgin sama, da kalla shafi cikin hadarin.

Duk da haka, saboda da fall na Larissa Savitskaya ya samu mai tsanani girgizawa, rasa kusan duk ya hakora, samu wasu kashin baya da kuma raunin da samu karaya da wata gabar jiki da kuma hakarkarinsa, amma har yanzu ta kasance da rai har yanzu da aka ma iya motsa. Amma tun da fall na wuri na jirgin sama shi ne nisa daga populated yankunan, sa'an nan Larissa ma'aikatan ceto samu kawai a cikin kwanaki biyu.

Saboda haka, shi ne - kadai tsira a hadarin. A Tarayyar Soviet wannan karo bayanai na dogon lokaci kuna ɓõyẽwa ne. Larisa Savitskaya ya zama shahararren a duk faɗin duniya kawai a shekarar 2000, lokacin da duk cikakkun bayanai da ya faru aka bayyana.

Akwai daya kadai da ya hali kamar wannan. A shekara ta 1972, wani mutum da aka ceto bayan fadowa daga wani tsawo a wuce haddi na 10 000 mita, bayan da fashewa daga cikin jirgin sama. Wannan mutum ya Yugoslav Vesna Vulovic - baiwa, tsira da hadarin. Amma al'amarin na Tarayyar Soviet da Savitskaya, fadowa daga wani tsawo wucewa 5000 mita, bai san na irin haka. Wannan mace shi ne kawai daya daga cikin 38 mutane a kan biyu da jirgin sama, wanda ya iya tsira a hadarin a kan Zavitinsk.

Tashin hankalin a Omsk

Tashin hankalin, wanda ya faru a cikin Omsk filin jirgin sama a 1984, tana da yawan cikakken bayani da cewa rarrabe shi daga yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa. Abin da ba ta dauki wuri a cikin iska da kuma a ƙasa, shi ne mai rarrabe wannan hadarin jirgin sama. A Tarayyar Soviet, shi ya faru sau da yawa. Bugu da kari, yawan wadanda ke fama da wannan bala'i ne sikelin da wadanda cewa ya faru a kan ƙasa na Rasha.

A karo jiragen Tu-154 saukowa, tare da dusar ƙanƙara inji, inda suka kashe 169 fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin 4. Daya fasinja da biyar ma'aikatan jirgin tsira.

A bala'i kusa Lviv

Enumerating manyan hadarin jirgin sama da Tarayyar Soviet, ya kamata mu ambaci da bala'i na shekarar 1985 a cikin Lviv yankin, Ukraine. Bayan da bala'i a Kharkov da Dneprodzerzhinsk da shi shi ne babban-sikelin jirgin sama hadarin a kan yawan wadanda suka jikkata da cewa ya faru a kan ƙasa na Soviet jamhuriyar.

Dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari ne mai karo na soja kai jirgin sama An-26 da kuma Tu-134A jirgin sama, da aka tashi daga Tallinn zuwa Chisinau da stopover a Lviv. A sakamakon abin da ya faru, wanda ya faru a kusa da birnin Zolochiv Lviv yankin, inda suka kashe 79 farar hula jirgin sama fasinjoji da 9 - da soja, kazalika da shida ma'aikatan jirgin daga kowane jirgin sama. Akwai wani tsira, da kuma jummillar adadin mutanen da aka amounted zuwa 94 mutane.

A sakamakon bincike da aka kafa da cewa hanyar da hadarin ya manajan kuskure.

Tashin hankalin kusa Uchkuduk

Kamar yadda ka gani, da babbar hadarin jirgin sama a Rasha da kuma Tarayyar Soviet ya faru quite sau da yawa, amma mafi muhimmanci wadanda a cikin yawan wadanda ya kamata a yi la'akari da matsayin da rushewar wani Uchkuduk a kan ƙasa na Uzbekistan. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1985, a karshe mataki na zama na Tarayyar Soviet. Ba hadari a cikin tarayyar Soviet ba su da irin wannan yawan mutane da suka mutu. A total number of wadanda ƙidaya mutane 200, wadda 191 fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin 9 members.

A sabili da bala'i shi ne cewa a lokacin da jirgin daga Karshi a Birnin Leningrad, ƙungiya daga jirgin sama Tu-154 rasa iko, sakamakon a cikin jirgin sama ya fadi a cikin wani juya da kuma fadi. Bisa ga official version na gudanar da bincike, babban ɓangare na laifi ga abin da ya faru ya ginu ne tare da matukan jirgin, wanda suka karkata daga tuta da bukatun, samun tsawo iyaka, sa'an nan ba su iya jimre da management a cikin gaggawa.

A auka a Kuibyshev

Wani manyan bala'i a faɗuwar rana na Tarayyar Soviet shi ne hadarin jirgin sama na Tu-134 a filin jirgin sama na birnin Kuibyshev - Kurumoch. Tashin hankalin da wannan taron da aka inganta da cewa shi ya faru saboda da rashin kula da matukin jirgi zuwa da aikinsu. Ya jãyayya da mambobi na ƙungiya don su iya sa da jiragen ɗimuwa. Wannan ƙoƙari ƙare sosai mugun. Laifi sakaci da ƙungiya Aleksandra Klyueva ta da'awar 70 rayuwarsu kwamandan. Yana tsira kawai 24 mutane daga 94 ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma fasinjoji.

Matukin jirgin tsira da aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru 15 a kurkuku. Amma bayan wannan lokaci an bita da kuma maye gurbinsu da shekaru shida a gidan yari.

A bala'i a Irkutsk yankin

A karshe manyan jiragen sama hadari, wanda ya faru a kan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet, za a iya dauke da wani bala'i da ya faru a shekarar 1989 a Irkutsk yankin. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wani karo na fasinja a jirgin sama Yak-40 tashi daga Irkutsk zuwa Zheleznogorsk, wani soja mai saukar ungulu Mi-8. A sakamakon haka, da hadarin kashe mutane 33 a kan jirgin sama, da kuma 7 soja, yawo a cikin wani jirgin sama mai saukan ungulu.

A gudanar da bincike ya bayyana cewa dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari, kamar yadda ya faru fiye da sau daya, shi ne rashin daidaituwa tsakanin dispatchers yakin da kuma soja jirgin sama.

Da shi shi ne karshe manyan jirgin sama ya fadi a kasar da a riga ta lokacin da ta sha wahala mafi girma geopolitical bala'i.

ƙarshe

Hakika, duk da hadarin a Rasha da kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a yadda ban tausayi, amma mun yi kokarin mayar da hankali a kan babbar ko rawa na su. Amma, ba shakka, da cikakken objectivity na jerin goma sha takwas bala'in ba da'awar, da kuma kowane mai karatu zai iya optionally ƙara da hadarin jirgin sama da ya faru a cikin tarayyar Soviet, ana zaton cancanci wannan.

A daidai wannan lokaci, ya kamata mu manta da cewa duk da cewa a lokacin irin wannan jiha kamar yadda Tarayyar Soviet ba ya wanzu, da hadarin jirgin sama ci gaba da dauki rayuwar mu compatriots. A tunawa da kowane irin mummunan, ko da kuwa ta size, ya kamata ko da yaushe rayuwa a cikin zukatan mutane.