Armor kama zamani tankuna: ƙarfi, rikoshetosposobnost

Armor - da m kaya, wanda aka halin high zaman lafiya da kuma juriya ga waje dalilai barazanar nakasawa da warwarewarsu da mutunci. Babu ko wane irin kariya a tambaya: ko knightly makamai ko nauyi shafi na zamani fama motocin, da burin ya kasance daya - don kare da lalacewar da kai da brunt.

. Kama Armor - da m Layer ne mai kama abu wanda yana ƙara ƙarfin da kuma uniform giciye sashe a ko'ina cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma guda Properties. Shi ne game da irin wannan kariya da za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

A tarihin abin da ya faru da makamai

A farko ambaci makamai samu a na da kafofin, muna magana ne game da makamai da kuma garkuwoyi na warriors. Su main nufi shi ne don kare jiki sassa na takuba, sabers, da gatura, māsu, da kiban ƙuri'a, da kuma sauran makamai.

Da zuwan bindigogi da ya zama dole to rabuwa amfani da wani gwada da taushi kayan a yi da makamai da kuma je a mafi m da kuma resistant zuwa nakasawa, ba kawai, amma kuma ga yanayi gami.

A tsawon lokaci, da kayan ado a kan yi amfani da garkuwoyi da makamai zuwa alamar matsayi da kuma girmama nobility, ya fara barin a baya. Form makamai da garkuwoyi fara simplifying, bada hanya zuwa practicality.

A gaskiya ma, cikin dukan duniya ci gaba svolsya tsẽre, gudãnar sabuwar dabara na sabon makamai da kuma kariya daga wannan. A sakamakon haka, simplification na siffar da makamai suka kai ga kudin saukarwa (saboda rashin kayan ado), amma ƙara yawan practicality. A sakamakon haka, da makamai ya zama mafi m.

Iron da karfe da aka yi amfani da kuma kara a lokacin da shugaban kwana tashi inganci da kauri da makamai. Sabon abu resonated da boat- da kuma injiniyan inji, kazalika da tabbatarwa daga ƙasa wurare da kuma jinkirin-motsi fama raka'a kamar catapults da ballista.

-daban na makamai

Tare da ci gaban tattalin arziki tarihi lura inganta bawo kauri cewa sannu a hankali ya kai ga zargin da zamani iri makamai (tank, jirgin, jirgin sama da kuma kama. D.).

A duniya ta yau da makamai tseren ba ya hana ko ga wani lokacin da take kaiwa zuwa fitowan da sabon iri na kariya a matsayin wajen alubalantar data kasance makamai.

Bisa ga zane fasali bambanta da wadannan iri makamai:

• kama.
• gashi.
• saka.
• spaced.

Bisa hanyoyin da aikace-aikace:

• breeches - wani makamai kara ga jiki kariya, ko da abin da shi ne - a na da warrior makamai ko bulletproof falmaran zamani soja.
• kai - ƙarfe gami a cikin nau'i na katakan kazalika da harsashi-hujja gilashi, manufar wanda shi ne don kare ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma fasinjoji daga cikin art.
• jirgin - makamai domin kariya daga jirgi (karkashin ruwa da kuma sama-ruwa part).
• yi - da irin amfani ga kariya bunkers, bunkers da kuma emplacements cika katako (bunkers).
• sarari - kowane irin buga-hujja fuska da kuma madubai kare tashar sararin samaniya daga orbital tarkace da kuma cutarwa sakamakon hasken rana a sarari.
• Cable - tsara don kare submarine igiyoyi daga lalacewa da m aiki a maƙiya yanayin.

Makamai kama da iri-irin

Materials amfani ga yi na makamai, daidai da ci gaban da fice a aikin injiniya zane tunani. Samuwar ma'adanai irin su chromium, molybdenum ko tungsten, damar wajen samar da high-ƙarfi samfurori. su rashi Halicci bukatar a mayar da hankali tsallaka tsarin. Alal misali, makamai faranti, waxanda suke da sauki a adalci da rarrabẽwa na farashin-ingancin rabo.

By saduwa makamai ne zuwa kashi bulletproof, protivosnaryadnym da kuma tsarin. Kama Armor (daga cikin wannan abu a fadin giciye sashe yanki) ko iri-irin (daban-daban qagaggun) amfani da su haifar da coatings kamar bulletproof da protivosnaryadnym. Amma dai ba duka.

Kama makamai, yana da guda sinadaran abun da ke ciki a ko'ina cikin giciye-bangaranci yankin, da kuma m sinadaran da kuma inji Properties. Iri-irin kuma iya samun daban-daban inji Properties (taurare karfe a hannu daya, misali).

Birgima kama makamai

A Hanyar Manufacturing da makamai (ko kama ko iri-irin booking) shafi kasu kashi:

• Birgima. Wannan irin makamai simintin, fesa tare da mirgina na'ura. Saboda matsawa a cikin wani latsa kwayoyin m juna, da kuma hatimin abu ya auku. Wannan irin high-karfin makamai yana daya drawback: ba amenable don zaben 'yan wasa. Amfani a kan tankuna, amma kawai a cikin nau'i na lebur faranti. A cikin tanki turret, misali, na bukatar taso.
• Jefa. Haka kuma, kasa barga a matsayin mai yawan, fiye da na baya embodiment. Duk da haka, irin wannan shafi za a iya amfani tankuna hasumiya. Jefa kama makamai, ba shakka, zai kasance mafi tsananin ƙarfi daga iri-irin. Amma kamar yadda suka faɗa, shi ne mai kyau cokali ga abincin dare.

makoman

Idan muka yi la'akari da bulletproof kariya daga na al'ada da kuma makamai sokin harsasai da sartse karamin tasiri na bama-bamai da kuma bawo, irin wannan surface iya bayar a iri biyu: birgima kama ko iri-irin high-karfin makamai cemented tare da high ƙarfi duka biyu gaba da raya bangarorin.

Protivosnaryadnym (kare da manyan bawo) shafi ne ma wakilta dama iri. Mafi na kowa daga gare su - birgima kama makamai da kuma jefa dama Categories ƙarfi: high, matsakaici da kuma low.

Wani irin - birgima iri-irin. Yana da wani cemented quenching shafi a gefe daya, wanda rage-rage karfin "a cikin zurfin".

A kauri daga cikin makamai tare da girmamawa ga taurin a cikin wannan yanayin ne wani rabo daga 25:15:60 (external, ciki, raya yadudduka bi da bi).

aikace-aikace

Rasha tankuna, kazalika da jiragen ruwa, a yanzu an rufe shi da Chrome-nickel ko nickel-plated karfe. Idan a lokacin da gina jiragen ruwa amfani da karfe bronepoyas da isothermal hardening, da kumshin tankuna overgrown tare da m daina kai hare hare, wanda ya kunshi dama yadudduka na kayan.

Alal misali, frontal makamai fama duniya "Armata" dandali wakilta kumshin Layer, impenetrable zamani anti-zamo bawo zuwa 150 mm da kuma share subcaliber dako zamo kamar 120 mm.

Har ila yau, amfani da spaced Armor. Wuya a ce, da mafi kyau makamai ko kuma ba. Rasha tankuna ana inganta, da kuma inganta da kuma kare su.

Armor vs harsashi

Hakika, shi ne wuya cewa mambobin na tanki lissafi tuna da cikakken dabara da kuma fasaha halaye na fama abin hawa, na nuna abin da kauri daga cikin kare Layer da wani harsashi a kan wanda za ta ci gaba da millimeter, kazalika da abin da yake kama makamai fama abin hawa amfani da su ko ba.

Kadarorin Modern makamai ba za a iya bayyana ta zango daya ne kawai "kauri". Domin sauki dalilin cewa da barazana da m makamai masu linzami, da wanda, a gaskiya, tsara wannan dakile zo daga sanadin motsi da kuma sinadaran da makamashi projectiles.

sanadin motsi makamashi

A karkashin sanadin motsi makamashi (shi ne mafi alhẽri ce "a sanadin motsi barazana") tana nufin da ikon zuwa filashi da blank harsashi makamai. Alal misali, wani harsashi na tsautsayi uranium ko tungsten carbide sãme ta se ta hanyar. Da rarrabuwa karfe makamai m da samun wani. Babu sharudda da wanda ana iya bayar da hujjar cewa 200 mm zuwa 1300 mm m kama da iri-irin.

Asirin counter makamai dako da yake a cikin tsari, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani canji a cikin vector na dako tasirin a kan shafi kauri.

tarawa dako

Chemical barazana wakilta irin iri projectiles kamar yadda anti-fashewar makamai (bisa ga kasa da kasa da nomenclature aka kaddamarda kamar yadda HESH) da kuma tarawa (zafi).

Tarawa dako (m ga sanannen imani da kuma rinjayar wasan Duniya tankuna) ba ya kawo flammable shaƙewa. Its mataki dogara ne a kan tasirin makamashi ne mayar da hankali a cikin wani bakin ciki jet wanda, saboda da babban matsin, ba yawan zafin jiki, karya da m Layer.

Kariya daga projectiles wannan buildup ne ake kira ƙarya makamai wanda kwakwalwa gaba da tasiri makamashi. A sauki misali ne mai aiki da wani tanki raga-netting daga tsohon gado a lokacin yakin duniya na II ta Soviet sojojin.

Israila kare su gidaje, "Mercan" ta mai danko da ƙwanso karfe bukukuwa rataye a ɗaure da sarƙoƙi.

Wani zabin shi ne ya halicci tsauri makamai. A karo na jiragen sama directed tarawa dako kwasfa ƙwanƙwasawa auku makamai shafi. Fashewa, directed kamar yadda tsayayya wa tarawa jet, take kaiwa zuwa masha'a na karshen.

landmine

Action makamai sokin fashewar dako rage gudãna daga baya makamai jiki a karo da yada babban buga bugun jini ta hanyar wani karfe Layer. Bugu da ari, kamar yadda fil a bowling, makamai yadudduka ake turawa juna, sakamakon nakasawa. Saboda haka, makamai farantin hallaka. Haka kuma makamai Layer kaisu baya, haddasa rauni zuwa ƙungiya.

Anti-m bawo iya zama iri ɗaya a matsayin cewa daga cikin tarawa.

ƙarshe

Daya tarihi rubuce lokuta na sabon abu sinadaran qagaggun ga kariya na tanki shi wani lullubi Jamus himma tsimmeritom dabara. Wannan ya yi wa kare gine-gine "Tigers" da "Panthers" daga Magnetic mahakar.

A abun da ke ciki daga cikin cakuda tsimmeritovoy hada da abubuwa kamar barium sulfate, tutiya sulfide, sawdust, ocher pigment da wani m dangane polyvinyl acetate.

Amfani da cakuda fara a 1943 da kuma ƙare a 1944, a kan filaye cewa bushewa dauki kwanaki da dama, da kuma Jamus a lokacin da aka riga a cikin matsayi na rasa gefe.

A kara yi wannan cakuda shi ne babu inda samu martani saboda gazawar da yin amfani da Magnetic dakaru antitank mahakar da kuma bayyanar da yafi makamai masun karfi - antitank gurnati.