Anthracite (tukuru kwal): halaye da kuma samar da sarari

Anthracite ne wani nau'i ne na high quality-m kwal. An halin high matakan da metamorphism (digiri na m ma'adinai da kuma tsarin canje-canje).

Kamar yadda da wasu daban na karafa, Anthracite - kwal kafa a cikin shekaru dubbai daga shuke-shuke da suke ba tare da oxygen a karkashin ƙasa yadudduka. Ga wani gagarumin lokaci shi ne batun da matakai na coalification da humification. Wannan shi ne samuwar ce abu. Carbon samu da sunan da daga kalmomin da na kasa da kasa carbon - carbon. Yana da wani m hujja. Anthracite kwal ne ingantaccen view. Haka kuma an kira wani carbuncle.

Halayyar siffofin na Anthracite

A wannan yanayin akwai da dama zažužžukan. Wato, gaban:

• cikakken baki ko baki da launin toka.
• high sheki.
• high calorific ikon;
• gwaji lantarki watsin.
• high taurin da yawa.

Features na samuwar burbushin

Wannan daukan la'akari da dama tafiyar matakai. Anthracite aka kafa a cikin wani tsari. Da farko kafa peat, sa'an nan gawayi ruwan kasa irin. Bugu da ari, a karkashin wasu ba burbushin tasirin cikin wani abu. Wato, a cikin kwal da kuma Anthracite. A karshen harka, da miƙa mulki mahada zuwa graphite.

Ta'allaka Anthracite (ci) a zurfin game 6 km. Places inda albarkatun ne sau da yawa kai image data, halin da irin canjawa na ɓawon burodi. M shi Spurs.

The most adibas na Anthracite ci tasa located a cikin ƙasa na Donetsk yankin.

Anthracite Coal: Product Feature

A wannan yanayin, akwai mutane da yawa musamman nuances. Anthracite (Greek anthrakitis.) - shi ne humus m kwal. Yana yana da mafi girma mataki na metamorphism. Lokacin da kyan gani, a karkashin wani microscope nuna cewa shuka ya rage wuya da jũna. Anthracite - kwal da ciwon baki launi, sau da yawa tare da wani grayish tinge. Wani lokaci samu a cikin launi da roɗi-roɗi discolouration. Yana bãyar da ita a velvety baki layi a kan ain farantin. Har ila yau Anthracite (ci) ne halin da wani karfi ƙarfe luster. Yana yana da babban danko, ba gasa, yana da kyau lantarki watsin. A mafi taurin Mohs sikelin - 2.0-2.5, Organic taro yawa - 1500-1700 kg / M3. A zafi na konewa - 33,9-34,8 MJ / kg (8100-8350 kcal / kg). Shi yana da wani analytical low zafi - 1-3% da kuma ƙunshi goryucheobraznoy nauyi zuwa 9% na wani maras tabbas irin abubuwa, 93,5-97,0% carbon, 3.1% hydrogen, oxygen da kuma nitrogen 1.5-2.0%. Yana da wani tabbataccen hujja. Wannan burbushin, wanda ya ƙunshi carbon a cikin man fetur taro mafi girma daga 97% aka kira superantratsitom. By girma amfanin ƙasa da samfurin na maras tabbas abubuwa ne zuwa kashi biyu masana'antu brands. Wato, da gaban 220-330 l / kg - poluantratsity shi, kuma tare da gaban da volumetric fitarwa na kasa da 220 l / kg - Anthracite.

Abũbuwan amfãni daga m ya ce

Wannan samfurin ne high quality-ra'ayoyi na cirewa kwal. Shi ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga cikin sauran iri, kamar yadda yana da wadannan sigogi:

• A babban abun ciki na gyarawa carbon. A wannan yanayin, shi ne 94-99%.
• A low sulfur abun ciki.
• High takamaiman zafi na konewa.
• A low danshi abun ciki.
• Burns ba tare da hayaki da kuma wuta.
• Da sauri ƙona fita.
• A high yawa kwayoyin taro. A wannan yanayin, 1500-1700 kilo da murabba'in mita.
• A rabo daga Anthracite kwal - 1.5-1.7.
• A high lantarki watsin.

Bugu da kari Anthracite kwal wanda photo bayar a cikin wancan, a lokacin konewa ba sintered. Its taurin kan Mohs sikelin matakin - 2.0-2.5. Wani gagarumin amfani shi ne, a cikin iska a lokacin konewa na Anthracite aka kasaftawa to kawai 5% volatiles.

A irin wannan m calorific ingancin m ga wani sauran kwal, wato 8.200 kilocalories da kilogram. By kwatanta, a cikin gas dumama darajar - 7000 kcal / kg.

Abin da iri a ba subdivided burbushin

Anthracite Coal ne na high samfurin. Wannan an tattauna a baya. Wannan kuma da dama wasu halaye taka rawa a kayyade ta fannin amfani. Kamar yadda irin wannan size azuzuwan klassifitsirutsya burbushin ci Anthracite (Gost 19242-73). Rabuwa da aka za'ayi da size kasarun adadi daga cikin samfurin. wato:

• "Ako" - Anthracite dunkulallen hannu goro. A wannan yanayin, da kama sulusi da murabba'i ciwon size of 26-100 mm.
• "AK" - a manyan Anthracite ci dunkulallen hannu. Wannan ya hada da sulusi da murabba'i size of 50-100 mm.
• "AO" - sa ci, Anthracite irin goro. Girman kasarun adadi na 26-50 mm.
• "AM" ne mai kyau Anthracite. A wannan yanayin, la'akari da sulusi da murabba'i - 13-25 mm.
• "AS" - sa ci, Anthracite iri. Wadannan sun hada da kasarun adadi da ciwon girman 6-13 mm.
• "Ashlam" - Anthracite slurry. Shi ne wani asali samfurin na ci wanka.
• "AL" - Anthracite Duff. A wannan yanayin da sulusi da murabba'i ne kasa da 6 mm.

Aiwatar Anthracite hakar aka yi a cikin Game shafts. Bã su da wani zurfin har zuwa 1500 m. A ci ne sai a ciyar daga mahakar ga kamfanonin ga aiki. Akwai shi za'ayi enrichment da kasawa da kasarun adadi. Bayan wannan, kwal a cikin jaka (Anthracite) aka kawota daban-daban masu amfani.

Aiwatar da wannan abu ne a cikin nau'i na memba (AP), kuma a cikin m mayar da hankali. Ya ce burbushin a karkashin alamun kasuwanci "AM" da "Ako" da kaddarorin ne m. Ko da yake da resistivity na ci kananan irin yana da mafi girma.

A amfani da Anthracite

Wannan samfurin ne quite rare. Anthracite - shi ne mafi m nau'i na ci. Wannan ya yale shi ya zauna na farko matsayi a cikin aji na zafi canja wuri da konewa lokaci. Idan ka saya Anthracite (ci) domin dumama, za ku ji bukatar shi mai yawa ƙasa don zafi da wannan yanki fiye da idan ka yi amfani da irin wannan samfurin na wani nau'in ko itace. Duk da dukan abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan burbushin, ya ba da fursunoni. Tare da babban yawa, shi ne iya walƙiya up ba a duk iri boilers da Tanderu. Yana da muhimmanci a san. Ga kyau konewa Anthracite bukatar mai kyau samar da iska. Yafi a cikin zamani iri iri na m man fetur boilers ne wajibi. Don wani karami yawa na ci nau'in hada da: dogon-bira kwal da kuma caking.

Anthracite, godiya ta zuwa ga calorific halaye, m zuwa wasu analogues. Wannan siga ne 8200 kcal / kg. Alal misali, na halitta irin gas - 7000 kcal / kg. Anthracite - kwal, wanda shi ne mafi wuya na duk da takwarorina. Yana volatiles a lokacin konewa da aka kasaftawa to kawai 5%. Anthracite da ake amfani a daban-daban duniyoyin na mutum aiki. Wato, a samar da masana'antu irin (sunadarai, metallurgy, sugar masana'antu, da dai sauransu), a kabilu area (dumama ruwa, da kuma dumama haka a). Har ila yau, shi da ake amfani da dumama zaman kansa gidaje. More wannan burbushin nuna filtrants cewa ana amfani da tsaftacewa drains, ruwa da sauransu.

Anthracite a wutar lantarki masana'antu

A wannan yankin, da yin amfani da ce samfurin ne ma da muhimmanci. Screenings daga Anthracite, a cikin abin da high ash abun ciki na 0-13 aji, suna yadu amfani da man fetur a cikin ikon tsara. A wannan masana'antu, wannan burbushin da ake amfani saboda low maras tabbas ciki. A wutar lantarki da ake amfani da konewa na Anthracite musamman kayan aiki.

Don da pulverized samfurin na konewa makera ma bukatar wani musamman zane. Su sanyi ne wajen peculiar. Ya kamata samar da cikakken konewa na ce m na wani lokaci a lokacin da ya ke cikin na musamman konewa zone.

Coal da kananan kasarun adadi, kazalika da low abun ciki na sulfur, nitrogen da phosphorus amfani da musamman kafaffu da aka tsara don wannan. Wani amfani ce samfurin a cikin kananan size makera ciminti irin.

Anthracite a metallurgy

A wannan yanki, wannan burbushin ma samu da aikace-aikace. Anthracite da ake amfani a metallurgy sintering baƙin ƙarfe da farar ƙasa. Domain electrosteel da kuma yadda ya kamata matakai ba da damar don sarrafa yawan abubuwa masu cutarwa fitad da shi a yanayi. Saboda haka, yin amfani da ce default high man fetur take kaiwa zuwa mafi tsabtace muhalli metallurgical tafiyar matakai.

Bugu da kari, wannan karamin burbushin irin amfani a samar da high-carbon steels samar da sakandare carburization. A tsãwa Tanderu, ciwon PCI tsarin (hurawa na pulverized man fetur) kuma za a iya amfani da Anthracite. A nan ne babban nuna alama na zafi na ci, wacce ake kawota.

A wannan yanayin, ya ce man fetur za a iya allura a cikin fashewar makera culm. Similar fasahar da aka yi amfani da sosai kasashe na yammacin Turai da kuma a nahiyar Asiya - China, Japan, Korea. A Rasha da Ukraine, wannan hanya ake samun in shahararsa.

A metallurgical masana'antu ci ne ma amfani da karfe rage wakili.

Anthracite - sorbents

Shi ne har yanzu daya daga cikin alamar rahama yayi a cikin yin amfani da wannan burbushin. Anthracite iya amfani for yana tsarkake ruwan sha da kuma najasa. A wannan yanayin, ya taka rawar da tace da kuma iya maye gurbin kunna gawayi. Wannan shi ne wani gagarumin factor.

Alternative high-carbon kayan

Coal kasuwar al'ada kasu kashi biyu segments. Kasa su ne nufi ikon da coke samar. Farashin yayi na cikin kayayyakin dogara ne a kan kashi da kuma wasu dalilai. Kuma sau da yawa su ne daban-daban.

Anthracite ne na musamman da samfurin, nasarar da ba a biyu segments. Bayan haka, har yanzu ya mamaye wani muhimmin wuri a cikin na musamman kasuwar na masana'antu amfani. Price kuzarin kawo cikas ga irin wannan dukiya a daban-daban segments iya bambanta, wato, a cikin wannan girmamawa, akwai wani redistribution. Alal misali, idan kudin da daya kashi na tukuru kwal da dama, sa'an nan kuma wani shi yawanci ke tsiro.

Anthracite nasarar gasa da graphite, gawayi, man fetur coke. A mawadãta daga farashin su saboda wannan zai dogara ne a kan kudin da lantarki da makamashi, karfe kayayyakin da sauransu. Yana da muhimmanci a tuna. Sama da duka, farashin Anthracite zai shafi abin da yanayin tattalin arzikin duniya. Duk da haka, a kan wannan ƙarnin ne m m muhimmancin girma.

ƙarshe

Bisa ga sakamakon da na sama, shi za a iya ce da Coal Anthracite ne ya fi kowa ra'ayi na duniyar ma'adanai. Yana yana da wani babban matakin net makamashi fitarwa quality lokacin da samar da wutar lantarki da kuma zafi a high zafin jiki domin samar da matakai. Ya amfani a masana'antu don samar da sunadarai, kuma shi ne in mun gwada m. Lokacin da kimiyyar zamani da kuma fasahar ba za a iya gaba daya maye gurbin a cikin Anthracite masana'antu. Wannan shi ne wani gagarumin al'amari. Saboda haka, a nan gaba zai zama cigaba ne na m hakar Anthracite da bituminous kwal.