Amino acid - abin da kuke so? Amino acid a cikin abinci. A halayen da kuma kaddarorin amino acid

A yanayi, akwai kungiyoyin biyu na abubuwa: kwayoyin da inorganic. A karshen hada da mahadi kamar hydrocarbons, alkynes, alkenes, alcohols, lipids, da kuma sauran nucleic acid, sunadarai, carbohydrates, amino acid. Mene ne wadannan abubuwa, za mu rufe a wannan labarin. A abun da ke ciki na dukkan hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi dole ya hada da kwayoyin halitta na carbon da kuma na hydrogen. Sun iya ƙunsar Oxygen, Sulfur, nitrogen, da sauran abubuwa. A kimiyya da cewa karatu sunadarai, acid, oxides, amino acid - Chemistry. Yana duba da kaddarorin da kuma halaye na kowane rukuni na abubuwa.

Amino acid - Mene ne wadannan abubuwa?

Su ne sosai muhimmanci ga jikin wani dabba ba a duniya, kamar yadda suke bangare ne na mafi muhimmanci abubuwa - sunadaran. A total akwai ashirin da daya amino acid daga abin da waɗannan mahadi suna kafa. A abun da ke ciki ya hada da kowane sunadaran hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon da oxygenation. A sunadarai tsarin daga cikin wadannan abubuwa yana da wani amino NH2, daga abin da ya zo da sunan.

Yadda sunadaran an kafa daga amino acid?

Wadannan kwayoyin abubuwa da aka generated a matakai huɗu, su tsarin kunshi primary, secondary, manyan da quaternary Tsarin. Daga kowane daga cikinsu ya dogara ne a kan wasu kaddarorin da gina jiki. Primary kayyade yawan da kuma domin da amino acid din da masauki, dake a cikin polypeptide sarkar. Na biyu shi ne wani alpha-Helix ko beta-tsarin. Da farko ya kafa a sakamakon karkatacciyar na polypeptide sarkar da kuma abin da ya faru na hydrogen shaidu a cikin wannan. A karshen - saboda abin da ya faru dangantaka tsakanin kungiyoyin na kwayoyin halitta daban-daban polypeptide sarƙoƙi. Manyan tsarin - An juna alpha-Helix da beta-tsarin. Yana iya zama a biyu siffofin: fibrillar da globular. Na farko shi ne dogon thread. Sunadaran da irin wannan tsarin ne fibrin, myosin samu a tsoka nama, kazalika da sauransu. Na biyu yana da wani nau'i na nada, wata globular sunadaran hada da, misali, insulin, haemoglobin da yawa wasu. A jikin halittu masu rai ga kira na sunadaran amino acid daga dace da musamman kwayoyin halitta - ribosomes. Bayani game da sunadarai wanda dole ne a generated, shigar wanda ke aiki a DNA da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa ribosomes da RNA.

Mene ne amino acid?

Mahadi wanda aka kafa daga sunadarai, duk a cikin yanayin da ashirin da ɗaya. Wasu daga cikinsu suna iya haduwa da jikin mutum a lokacin metabolism (metabolism), yayin da wasu - babu. Kullum, a cikin yanayi akwai amino acid: histidine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, glycine, proline, carnitine, ornithine, taurine, serine. A farko tara daga cikin amino acid din da aka jera a sama ne ba makawa. Akwai ma uslovnonezamenimye - wadanda cewa jiki iya amfani maimakon muhimmanci a cikin matsanancin. Wannan, misali, tyrosine, kuma cysteine. A farko za a iya amfani maimakon phenylalanine, da kuma na biyu - idan ba methionine. Muhimmanci amino acid a cikin abinci - wani da ake bukata kafun na wani lafiya rage cin abinci.

Abin da abinci kada su dauke?

• Valine - nama, kifi.
• Histidine - buckwheat porridge, hatsi, ja kifi, naman alade, da kuma kaji.
• Isoleucine - qwai, nama, kifi, madara, cuku, gida cuku.
• Leucine - kamar cewa daga isoleucine.
• Methionine - hatsi, gujiya, walnuts, pistachios, hatsi.
• Threonine - nama, hatsi, namomin kaza.
• Tryptophan - turkey, zomo, naman alade, mackerel.
• Phenylalanine - nama, wake, Peas, lentils, soya, kifi, cuku, madara, cuku.

Dukan sauran amino acid a cikin abinci ta cinye mutane, kuma ba za a iya gudanar, domin jiki ne iya samar da nasu, amma har yanzu yana da kyawawa da cewa wasu daga cikinsu suka zo tare da abinci. Mafi yawa daga cikin muhimmanci amino acid suna kunshe a cikin wannan samfurin a matsayin da muhimmanci, wannan ne, nama, kifi, madara - cewa abinci wanda shi ne mai arziki a cikin furotin.

Rawar da kowane amino acid a cikin jikin mutum

Kowace daga cikin wadannan abubuwa ya aikata wani takamaiman aiki a cikin jiki. A mafi muhimmanci amino acid don cike da rai suke da muhimmanci, don haka yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da kayayyakin da abun a isa yawa. Tun da babban gini tubalan na jikin mu ne mai gina jiki, da shi za a iya ce da mafi muhimmanci da kuma zama dole abubuwa ne amino acid. Menene muhimmanci, yanzu za mu faɗa maka. Kamar yadda aka rubuta a sama, wannan kungiyar da amino acid din ne histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Kowace daga cikin wadannan sinadaran mahadi taka wata rawa musamman a cikin jiki. Alal misali, valine ake bukata domin ta dace da girma, don haka abinci high a ciki dole ne a dauke a isa yawa a cikin abinci na yara, matasa da kuma 'yan wasa da suke so su kara maida hankali tsoka taro. Histidine kuma ya cika muhimmiyar rawa - da hannu a aiwatar da nama farfadowa, kashi na haemoglobin (da shi ne ya sa low abun ciki a cikin jini bada shawarar a kara yawan cinye buckwheat). Leucine wajibi ne ga jiki haduwa sunadarai, kazalika da kula da ayyuka na rigakafi da tsarin da ya dace matakin. Lysine - ba tare da dũkiyõyinsu a cikin jiki kawai ba zai sha alli, don haka ba za ka iya ba da damar rashin wannan amino acid - to hada a rage cin abinci na fi kifi, cuku da kuma sauran kiwo kayayyakin. Tryptophan da ake bukata, don samar da bitamin B, kazalika da hormones cewa gwada yunwa da yanayi. Wannan abu ne kunshe a qagaggun inganta kwanciyar hankali da kuma kawar da rashin barci. Phenylalanine aka yi amfani da jiki, don samar da hormones kamar adrenaline da tyrosine. Wannan abu zai iya kasancewa wani bangare na kiwon lafiya da shirye-shirye da aka sanya da tare da rashin barci, ko da ciki.

Amino acid cikin sharuddan sunadarai

Za ka riga san cewa gyara sunadarai ba da muhimmanci abubuwa da mutane - shi ne wani amino acid. Mẽne ne waɗannan mahadi, mun riga tattauna, a yanzu mu matsa zuwa da sinadaran Properties.

A sunadarai Properties na amino acid

Kowace daga cikinsu ne a bit of hali, dã sun kasance a cikin na kowa. Tun da abun da ke ciki na amino acid na iya zama daban-daban da kuma hada daban-daban sinadaran abubuwa, kuma da kaddarorin ne dan kadan daban-daban. Common ga dukkan abubuwa na kungiyar sifa ne ikon cunkoso ta samar da peptides. Har ila yau, amino acid na iya amsa tare da nitrous acid, game da shi, kafa hydroxy acid, ruwa da nitrogen. Bugu da ƙari, suka amsa tare da kuma alcohols. Wannan Forms hydrochloric gishiri da wani ester da ruwa. Don wannan dauki bukatar gaban matsayin mai kara kuzari na hydrochloric acid a cikin gaseous tara jihar.

Yadda ya bayyana masu gaban?

Akwai musamman domin sanin gaban wadannan abubuwa ingantaccen halayen da amino acid din. Alal misali, don gane cysteine, bukatar ƙara gubar acetate, da kuma amfani da zafin rana da kuma alkaline yanayi. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a kafa daga gubar sulphide, wanda precipitates baki. Har ila yau da yawan amino acid a cikin bayani za a iya ƙaddara ta ƙara nitrous acid. Koyi da aka 'yanci ta girma na nitrogen.