Duniya da Higgs boson

Bayan shigarwa Manyan Hadron Collider (LHC) kuma na farko da ya gaza yunkurin fara shigarwa, a cikin al'umma ya fara yada ra'ayin cewa LHC babban mai yuwuwar hadari. Nukiliya lissafin kimiyya yi fatan nazarin hali na barbashi da kuma sabon binciken a kimiyyar lissafi, da kuma mutane da yawa suna wanda ba a sani da batun, a maimakon haka, ya kasa kunne ga almarar kimiyya, zanen a cikin ayyukansu daban-daban fama (bayyanar da baki rami, a yankunan da fashewa, da dai sauransu). Duk da haka, bayan wani lokaci bayan da farkon jerin gwaje-gwajen, ya bayyana cewa da yawa hatsarori tabbatar da groundless.

Amma a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, lokacin da aka sanar da cewa a lokacin da daya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen, biyu masu auna sigina da aka rubuta Higgs boson, har ma ya fi ardent shakka sun sauya hali zuwa LHC aikin. Ya kamata a lura da cewa masana kimiyya sosai wary game da sabon barbashi, guje wa m kalamai. Da cewa shi aka gano Higgs boson, daya a bayyana rubutu ba ce. Ya furta cewa, sabuwar barbashi ne sosai kama da zargin boson, amma karshe karshe more bincike da aka bukata.

Mene ne "Higgs boson"? The Standard Model (SM) kimiyyar lissafi na firamare barbashi, ta wajen wanda yanzu ya bayyana da kaddarorin duk kayan, bisa hudu na asali dokokin. Babu shakka kome a cikin yanayi ne batun da hudu iri interactions - karfi, da rauni, electromagnetic da gravitational. Wasu yan dako barbashi aka samu da kuma tabbatar da haka. Saboda haka, mai ƙarfi hulda da aka ɗauke da gluons. alhakin da rauni bosons Z kuma W; da gamma haskoki suna da hannu a cikin kai na electromagnetic radiation. Domin nauyi, bi da bi, su ne alhakin ephemeral gravitons (watakila za su nan da nan za a samu). Bisa lissafin da cewa a cikin Early Universe, abin da ya bayyana nan da nan bayan da Big Bang, duk da barbashi da taro, kuma ya kasance mai fasali electroweak hulda. Duk da haka, lura nuna cewa wannan ba ya wanzu - kowane barbashi (sai gluons da photons), yana da wani sauran taro. Fili musu tsakanin ka'idar da yi.

Don dace da ka'idojin lissafin, an hypothesized game da wanzuwar wani muhimman hakkokin kashi, da aka sani da Allah barbashi ko Higgs boson. Godiya ga tasirin da take da, da yawa na firamare barbashi ya zama registrable Yanzu sauran taro. An yi imani da cewa Higgs ya haifar a kusa da kanta a wasu filin aiki a kan sauran barbashi. Higgs filin permeates da dukan duniya, inda hakan ya saukar gaɓũɓuwa, kuma ba su da wani yawa. Yana za a iya wakilta a matsayin wani lokacin farin ciki gel a wadda barbashi suna tuba wani ɓangare na da makamashi ga taro. Af, da sunan ne saboda da Higgs Peter Higgs, wanda shi ne "baba" daga cikin jarrabawa na boson.

Kawai bukatar yin rijistar ba barbashi - da kuma wani misali model za a cikakken nuna. Duk da haka, da wahala ya ta'allaka ne da cewa ilimin lissafi ba ya bayar da wani takamaiman bayani game da taro na boson, ko makamashi. A wasu kalmomin, a cikin gwaje-gwajen da high makamashi barbashi kimiyyar lissafi dole rufe wani m kewayon yiwu dabi'u (10 - 1000 GeV). Bugu da kari, bisa ka'idojin da kaddarorin boson ta wanzu billionth na biyu, kusan nan take rubabben aka gyara zuwa m barbashi. Saboda haka Allah barbashi za a iya gano kawai a kaikaice - a kan ma'auni. A LHC biyu barbashi kara zuwa gudun kusa da 300 dubu km / s da kuma fuskantar. A lokaci guda da aka rubuta mamaki halayyar da Higgs boson. Amma zai dauki wasu karin tsaftacewa da gwaje-gwajen da za mu iya zana tabbatacce karshe.