Alder: description, aikace-aikace a magani

Alder ne ba harbinger spring. Ya fara Bloom, a lokacin da akwai har yanzu snow. Leaflets bayyana yawa daga baya. The itacen nasa ne da Birch iyali.

Alder: description

Dangane da rai yanayi, kuma zai iya kama wani deciduous itace har zuwa 25 mita ko manyan shrub tare da wani akwati har zuwa 50 cm. Alder nasa ne da azumi-girma jinsunan cewa shi ne bayyana musamman a cikin na farko shekaru 15 da rayuwa. Daga baya, cikin tsari slows saukar. Frost resistant da kuma Semi-inuwa, amma isasshen haske-bukata.

Average shekaru - 40-60 shekaru, amma da shuke-shuke suna da aka sani, kuma sun kai 100 shekara.

Alder m (ko fari, kamar yadda shi ne ake kira) yana da wani m tushen tsarin. Kara bunkasa da shi ne kawai 20 cm. A cikin tushen hadu nodule pnovaya growths da kuma girma.

Alder yana da wani siririn akwati tare da m haske launin toka haushi. Matasa harbe shi da farko tare da wani greenish tinge, daga baya ya zama ruwan kasa. Musamman ma a cikin wadanda ba m ido kama wani suma fuzz wanda vuya bayan wani lokaci.

A ganye ne m-dimbin yawa, m kuma dan kadan nuna saman. Girma har zuwa 10 cm, tare da saman gefen wani haske kore, kasa - shi ne m. A ganye a kan reshe shirya a uku layuka.

An sani 30 jinsunan wannan shuka, amma a Rasha kawai biyu ya fi na kowa: alder, black alder. Na biyu kuma ake kira m.

Flowering da haifuwa

Catkins bayyana da farko a watan Maris ko Afrilu. Namiji da mace a cikin bayyanar daban-daban daga juna. A farko buds ne tsawo da kuma yawanci tattara for 3-5 guda tare. Kunne "mace" m, short kafafu, a tsawon 1.5 cm. Su suna tattara don 8-9 guda. Pollination faruwa da taimakon iska.

By fall na mace inflorescences suna zama da wuya da kuma kama da kananan bumps.

A lokaci guda a kowace shekara, kuma balagagge tsaba cewa zama mai yiwuwa a gare 2 shekaru. Sun yi kama da gujiya tsawon 1.5 cm tare da membranous fuka-fuki.

Alder karbe ta tsaba, tushen suckers da kuma cuttings. Yana iya da sauri samar da wata daji kurmi.

baza

Itace ke tsiro a Rasha, yafi a arewacin shi ne ma kowa a Siberia, har zuwa Kamchatka. An samu a North America, Asia Ƙananan, da Caucasus, Serbia, Italy, France, kazalika da a mafi yawan kasashen turai.

Alder fi son zuwa girma a cikin gandun daji zone, amma kuma an samu a cikin gandun daji-steppe da tundra. A North America, wurare da itace babban mai barazana ga 'yan qasar ciyayi.

Godiya ga mai kyau iri germination hanzari Forms thickets. A bambanci ga baki alder, sauƙi adapts dausayi. Saboda wannan dukiya, da shuka ne sau da yawa amfani da su karfafa bankunan na koguna, gangara, ravines, kazalika da halittar agroforestry shimfidar.

Ya ke tsiro a rigar calcareous ƙasa, wanda Ya wadãtar da kanta tare da nitrogen. Fari ya kawo sharri. Da kasancewar a cikin fili ya nuna gaban karkashin kasa da ruwa.

Alder: amfani kaddarorin da kuma aikace-aikace

The itacen yana da taushi amma m itace da wani m tinge. Alder m amfani a yi na juya da joinery. Shi ne resistant rot. Popular a cikin furniture masana'antu, kuma daga gare ta yin wasa da takarda.

A gaban m zafi yakan mallaki inganta ƙarfi, saboda haka amfani a yi na karkashin ruwa Tsarin, ganga, shiga gidajen rijiyoyin hawa ginshiƙai. Kwakwalwan kwamfuta ne mai kyau kunshin ga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.

Makãmashi daga m alder Popular ba ji dadin, suka ƙona da kyau, amma kada ku riƙe zafi. A baya can suka kasance ga kona fitar da toka daga matoya.

A haushi daga cikin itace ne mai kyau fenti, shi zai iya taimaka ba a ja, baki da kuma rawaya inuwõyinta suna kusa, yadudduka, fata da kuma ulu.

Lambu ta amfani da Sprigs na alder suna fafitikar da kwari kamar beraye kuma mole crickets. Kawai sanya su a cikin gadaje da kuma a kusa da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Alder ne sosai rare daga beekeepers, pollen aka kafa a kan harbe da matasa ganye kafin flowering.

Tasiri a matsayin ado shinge, amma a cikin wannan hali shi bukatar wani m sausaya.

Amfani da magani

Domin warkewa dalilai, ta yin amfani da haushi, ganye da kuma Cones. A kwayoyi, wanda sun hada da alder, da hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-kumburi, astringent sakamako. Su ne m da magani daga cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili. Har ila yau, wadannan guda na alder amfani da colds da rheumatism, wani bangare ne na miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma su dace da shiri na infusions.

Fresh ganye da kyau itace diaphoretic sakamako, suna dauke da wani phenol carboxylic acid, provitamin A, ascorbic acid, bitamin C.

A abun da ke ciki Cones alder alkaloids hada da, aliphatic alcohols, m mai, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins. A karshen biyu ne a cikin shuka ta ɓawon burodi.