Age da alaka da macular degeneration: Sanadin kuma Jiyya

Ajiye gani a cikin tsufa ne da wuya sosai. Sau da yawa a cikin tsofaffi da ikon ganin hankali rasa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a kan lokaci, duk mutum gabobin fara zuwa "sa fita". Daya daga cikin na farko ya shafa ido nama. An yi imani da cewa hangen nesa tabarbarewa.Idan tun 40-45 shekaru. Wannan ya faru ko da a lokuta inda mutum bai baya da wani matsala da wahayi ga rayuwa. Heart hangen nesa faruwa a hankali. Mafi yawa daga cikin mutane suna damuwa game da "nisa-sightedness", wato, da rashin ganin abubuwa da suke kusa. Wani lokaci, da suka ci gaba mafi tsanani matsaloli. Wadannan sun hada da cututtuka kamar cataracts, glaucoma, da sauransu. D. Wani kowa cuta an dauke su shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration. A irin wannan cuta ne mai hadarin gaske saboda shi zai iya kai ga asarar hangen nesa.

A ra'ayi na shekaru da alaka degeneration na akan tantanin ido

Age da alaka da macular degeneration (AMD) - a Pathology cewa tasowa saboda degenerative matakai a cikin akan tantanin ido da ido. Wannan yanki ne kai tsaye da alaka da kwakwalwa (da na gefe ne analyzer). Amfani retinal ji generated bayanai da kuma mayar da shi a cikin na gani images. A da na gefe surface na analyzer yana da wani zone wanda qunshi wani jam'i na rabe - sandunansu, kuma suka Cones. Shi ne ake kira da macula (yellow tabo). Rabe cewa yin up cibiyar haske a jikin, samar da launi hangen nesa a cikin mutane. Bugu da kari, shi ya auku a cikin macula mayar da hankali ga haske. Tare da wannan alama, mutum hangen nesa shi ne daban-daban daidaici da kuma tsabta. Age da alaka da macular degeneration na akan tantanin ido manyan zuwa degeneration na macula nama. Yana shigarsu canje-canje da ba kawai da pigment Layer, amma kuma tasoshin ciyar da wannan yanki. Duk da cewa cutar da ake kira "shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration," shi zai iya ci gaba ba wai kawai a cikin tsofaffi. Sau da yawa na farko bayyanar cututtuka na pathological canje-canje a cikin ido fara da za a ji, a 55 shekaru. Domin tsofaffi da kuma na tsufa cutar progresses zuwa wurin da cewa daya za gaba daya rasa ikon gani.

Age da alaka da macular degeneration na akan tantanin ido alaka kowa ailments. Sau da yawa wannan Pathology sa tawaya, kuma tawaya. An yadu rarraba a Amirka, da Asiya da kuma kasashen Turai. Abin baƙin ciki, da cutar ne sau da yawa bincikar lafiya a cikin marigayi, saukarwa. A cikin wadannan lokuta da shi wajibi ne don koma ga tiyata. Duk da haka, tare da dace warkewa magani, kazalika da aiwatar da m matakan shi ne zai yiwu a kauce wa tiyata da Pathology rikitarwa (makanta).

A Sanadin shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration

Kamar dukan degenerative matakai, cutar o ƙarin tabbatar da zama jinkirin da m rafi. A Sanadin degenerative canje-canje a cikin macula na akan tantanin ido iya zama daban-daban. Babban daga cikinsu shi ne involution na ido nama. Duk da haka, wasu mutane suna da degenerative canje-canje faruwa more hanzari, yayin da wasu - sannu a hankali. Saboda haka, an yi imani da cewa shekaru alaka macular degeneration an gaji (kwayoyin), kuma shi ne prevalent a mutane na Turai asali. Don a iya dangana zuwa wasu matsalolin na daban: shan taba, hauhawar jini, m daukan hotuna da rana. Daga wannan za mu iya gano musabbabin macular degeneration. Wadannan sun hada da:

1. Jijiyoyin bugun gini raunuka. Daya daga cikin hadarin dalilai na atherosclerosis an dauki kananan jijiyoyi. Take hakkin oxygen bayarwa ga tsokoki na ido ne daya daga cikin babban sunadaran da degeneration.
2. Kiba.
3. Rashin bitamin da kuma wasu ma'adanai. Daga cikin abubuwa dole a kula da retinal tsokoki za a iya gano: lutein da zeaxanthin.
4. A manyan yawan "free radicals". Sun kara hadarin Gabar degeneration a sau da yawa.
5. Ethnic fasali. A cuta ne mafi kowa a mutane da haske ido launi. Gaskiyar cewa Caucasians pigment yawa dauke a cikin ido duka, shi ne low. Saboda wannan dalili, degenerative matakai ci gaba da sauri, kazalika da cututtuka.
6. M rage cin abinci.
7. Kasancewa a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye ba tare da m eyewear.

A Pathology faruwa akai akai a cikin mutane tare da wani hereditary nauyaya anamnesis (gaban da cutar daga iyayensu, kakaninki). A mafi yawan lokuta da cutar da aka gano cutar a cikin mace yawan jama'a.

Age da alaka da macular degeneration: da pathophysiology na aiwatar

Kamar dukan degenerative canje-canje, cutar na da rikitarwa inji na ci gaba. Bugu da kari, da pathogenesis na degenerative matakai har yanzu kasa da cikakken bincika. An sani cewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar m dalilai na macular nama shigarsu komowar lalacewa. Mafi sau da yawa Pathology fara ci gaba a cikin mutane tare da cututtukan zuciya da (atherosclerosis, da ciwon sukari) da kiba. Har ila yau, cuta ne kusan ko da yaushe samu daga shan taba yawan jama'a. Saboda da blockage na jijiyoyin bugun gini gado da kuma tamowa ido nama tasowa shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration. A pathogenesis da cutar dogara ne a kan take hakkin da redox balance. Babban rawa a wannan tsari aka buga by free radicals. Wadannan abubuwa suna kafa a cikin macula ga dalilai da dama. Da fari dai, a cikin macular kaiwa da komowar oxygen da kuma haske. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin wannan yanki akwai wani tari na m acid, wanda ayan oxidize. Wani factor a cikin pathogenesis na cutar da aka dauke su asalin akan tantanin ido. Bayan duk, wannan ido an dauki wani gefe ambulan analyzer da aka kai tsaye haɗa da kwakwalwa. Saboda haka, yana musamman damu da "oxygen yunwa".

Duk wadannan abubuwan predispose da gaskiyar cewa nama na macula hankali thins. A sakamakon radicals cell membranes an hallaka. The akan tantanin ido zama mafi m zuwa ga haske. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar ultraviolet da infrared radiation AMD aka tasowa ko da sauri. Duk wadannan matakai kai ga gaskiya cewa epithelium na macula fara "rasa" pigment rabe shigarsu atrophy. Idan lokaci ba ya dakatar da lalata macula nama detachment faruwa. A karshe mataki ne bayyanar scarring da makanta ci gaba.

Age-retinal degeneration

3 ware siffofin macular degeneration. Wannan rarrabuwa dogara ne a kan morphological canje-canje faruwa a retinal nama. Irin wannan rabo ne da ake bukata domin sanin da dabara na lura da cutar.

Morphological iri da cutar:

1. Age da alaka da macular degeneration - rigar form: halin gaban exudate. Wannan wani zaɓi yana da wuya a samu a 20% na lokuta. An halin hanzari m hanya. Idan wani mutum ya gani yake ta tabarbarewa a hanzari (a cikin 'yan kwanaki), ya kamata ka zargin wata cuta, kamar shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration. A rigar form tasowa saboda neovaskulyazatsii, watau bayyanar da babban yawan sabon tasoshin a cikin ido duka. Ganin lalacewa a cell membranes, su permeability ƙaruwa. Saboda haka, shi yana bunkasa edema da hemorrhage.
2. Age da alaka da macular degeneration - bushe siffan: halin da m kwarara. A wani hanya, irin wannan Pathology aka kira atrophy. Dry shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration auku a 90% da marasa lafiya. Lokacin da kyan gani, alama drusen - haske atrophy raunuka, gazawar pigment Layer, lahani a cikin epithelium.
3. Tabo nau'i na macular degeneration. An dauke da karshe mataki na AMD. Halin epithelium detachment da kuma samuwar connective nama (tabo). A wannan yanayin akwai cikakken asarar hangen nesa.

A wasu lokuta, da bushe nau'i na AMD shiga pleural version of cutar. Wannan na faruwa mafi sau da yawa a cikin jijiyoyin bugun gini raunuka, da kuma musamman - m retinopathy. Irin wannan canje-canje nuna wani deterioration a cikin forecast kuma suna da wani alama for gaggawa matakan.

Bayyanar cututtuka na shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration

Dangane da tsari na AMD, cututtuka na iya ci gaba sannu a hankali, ko kuma da sauri. Sau da yawa wani dogon lokaci da alaka da macular degeneration ba yin da kasancewar ji for shekaru da dama. A bushe form AMD, retinal drusen bayyana surface - sassan atrophy. Saboda wannan hangen nesa a hankali tabarbarewa.Idan. Don mafi nisan shan wahala pigment Layer, saboda wanda asubahin launuka da ɗan rasa. Kayayyakin acuity iya haka a canza, amma kawai dan kadan. A rigar nau'i na macular degeneration yana bunkasa cikin sauri. A kawai 'yan kwanaki, hangen nesa da iya deteriorate muhimmanci, ko da makanta. Saboda da kumburi da kuma kara da membrane permeability na hemorrhage iya faruwa da su ne m ga tsirara ido. Alamun lura a AMD:

1. Canja bambanci da kuma kwarjinin da image.
2. Rage a gani acuity.
3. Warp, murdiya na abubuwa.
4. Heart image.
5. A bayyanar gani filin hasãra.
6. Rashin karanta duk da saka tabarau.

Tare da cigaba da cutar bayyanar cututtuka da cutar na iya zama ba a nan na dogon lokaci. To, akwai wani sauka a hankali tabarbarewar tsakiyar hangen nesa. Lokacin da neman gaba mafi ɓangare na image wãyi hadari. Duk da haka, na gefe (gefen) wahayi ne kiyaye. A hankali, da shafa yankin da aka ƙara.

A rigar nau'i na AMD da makanta tabo zo da sauri. Ba kamar bushe-type degeneration, na gefe hangen nesa yana da wuya maye gurbin riƙe. Tare dace magani daga AMD, makanta ci gaban da za a iya tsaya.

Ganewar asali da shekaru-shafi degeneration na akan tantanin ido

Age da alaka da macular degeneration za a iya bincikar lafiya a farkon matakai. Saboda haka, mutanen da fama da jijiyoyin bugun gini raunuka, dole ne a bincika a ta da wani ophthalmologist 1-2 sau a shekara. AMD ganewar asali dangane da tarihi da musamman binciken. Mazan mutane sau da yawa koka game da bayyanar "tabo" kafin idanu, kama hazo. Ganewar asali "macular degeneration" ne sau da yawa saka a tabarbarewar mata, musamman idan mai tarihi na irin 2 ciwon sukari, atherosclerosis. Bugu da kari ga binciken, da za'ayi a jerin ophthalmic Nazarin. Daga cikin su - da ji na gani acuity, perimetry, stereoscopic biomicroscopy.

Don tantance jihar da tasoshin ne da za'ayi fluorescein angiography fundus. Ta hanyar wannan nazari, yana yiwuwa don gane da sashi na detachment epithelium atrophy drusen, neovascularization. Duk da haka, wannan hanya na instrumental bincikowa yana da contraindications da kuma kasada. Saboda haka kafin ka yanke hukunci a kan jarrabawa kamata ziyarci wani ophthalmologist da kuma samun shawararsa.

Yadda za mu bi da bushe nau'i na macular degeneration?

A kan tabbatar da ganewar asali kamata nan da nan a fara jiyya na shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration. A bushe nau'i na cutar ne kasa m, don haka shi ne amenable miyagun kwayoyi far. Ba ya taimaka rabu da cutar a gaba ɗayansa, amma za a daina (rage gudu) tsari ga 'yan watanni ko shekaru. A mataki na farko shi ne su bi a rage cin abinci a AMD. Ganin cewa atrophic matakai ci gaba saboda wani rashin carotenoids da occlusion na jini na fundus, da mãsu haƙuri kamata kashe dabba fats. Ga masu rigakafin atherosclerotic raunuka a kananan retinal arteries kamata ci yalwa da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye, da kayan lambu. Bugu da kari, wannan ganyayyaki zai taimaka rama domin rashi na bitamin da kuma ma'adanai.

Don magance free radicals, shi ne shawarar da suke ciyarwa kasa lokaci a rana. Har ila yau, marasa lafiya ya kamata cinye antioxidants. Wadannan sun hada da bitamin E da kuma C. Domin inganta jinin samar da fundus bada shawarar yin amfani antiplatelet jamiái, vasodilators.

Age da alaka da macular degeneration - rigar form: da magani daga cututtuka

Lokacin da rigar nau'i na macular degeneration ne da za'ayi ba kawai likita far, amma tiyata. Domin kwayoyi, rage pigment Layer na akan tantanin ido hada da "lutein" magani da kuma "Zeaxanthin". Wadannan kwayoyi ne zuwa rukuni na antioxidants. Bugu da kari, shi ne shawarar ci abinci dauke da tutiya. Idan cutar ta ɓullo a sakamakon ciwon sukari retinopathy, kamata a da za'ayi a karkashin kulawa na hypoglycemic far glycemic profile.

M magani daga retinal degeneration

Daya magani bai isa ba, idan haƙuri ne kamu da "shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration." cuta magani ya kamata a haɗe shi da m gyara. Musamman shi shafi rigar nau'i na AMD. A halin yanzu, kusan a kowace ophthalmic asibitin da aka gudanar Laser jiyya na macular degeneration. Yana iya zama daban-daban. A zabi na hanyar dogara a kan mataki da kuma bayyananen na AMD Pathology. Akwai da wadannan hanyoyin da m gyara:

1. Laser photocoagulation na neovascular membranes.
2. "Vizudin" photodynamic far miyagun ƙwayoyi.
3. Transpupillary Laser termokorrektsiya.

Idan zai yiwu, kuma babu contraindications, aiki pigment epithelium dasawa, vitrectomy (hemorrhage cikin vitreous jikin ido).

Rigakafin shekaru da alaka degeneration na akan tantanin ido

M matakan sun hada da: rage cin abinci, nauyi asara. Jijiyoyin bugun gini raunuka bada shawarar shan taba cessation. Har ila yau kauce wa hasken rana kai tsaye ga mutane da ciwon haske ido launi. Bugu da kari ga rigakafin nufin da yin amfani da bitamin da kuma gano abubuwa game da karfafa.