Il-112: halaye da kuma samar da

Park transports Rasha Air Force ne tsufa hanzari. Wannan hujja ba zai iya barin sha'aninsu dabam da Ma'aikatar Tsaro manajoji suke da sha'awar a iyakar motsi na sojin kasar. Aircraft shekaru da dama aiki, a matsayin wani sojojinsa "workhorses" sannu-sannu sa saukar, sauyawa sassa suna zama kasa samuwa da kuma abin dogara da sabis rayuwa ga dukan Antonov ne ba m. Ci gaba a fasaha ya kuma taimaka wa ci gaban bukatun biyu farar hula dako da su soja abokan aiki. Kowane mutum na jiran sabon jirgin sama, kuma akwai wasu dalilai to yi imani da cewa wani sabon "daftarin karfi" zai zama Il-112. Yana har yanzu ba ", a da karfe", shi wanzu ne kawai a kan takarda, amma a cikin fasaha sau, duk abin da ya faru sosai da sauri.

By Antonov zuwa Ilyushin

A Tarayyar Soviet, ci gaban kai da jirgin sama al'ada tsunduma CB DC Antonov, wanda shi ne a cikin Ukrainian babban birnin kasar Kiev. Oleg K. aka canjawa wuri zuwa babban birnin na Soviet Ukraine a shekarar 1946 a Novosibirsk, inda ya gudanar da wani reshe na Yakovlev Design ofishin. Ga Antonov ya halitta da yawa ban mamaki da jirgin sama, mafi yawan abin da yau yawon sararin sama da CIS kasashe da kuma nisa fiye. Wadannan inji ne m, kyau da kuma "m" da matukan jirgin, suka "gafara" da wasu management kuskure.

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet CB su. DC Antonov ya Ukrainian, da kuma warware matsalolin da Rasha sojojin a cikin filin daga iska kai girma daga shekara zuwa shekara kuma da wuya. Bugu da kari siyasa rikice-rikice da kuma hana yi wa da yawa fasaha flaws. Duk abin da ya, da Rasha jagoranci ya kafa wata manufa: gina jirgin sama a kan nasu, ba tare da dogaro da kasashen waje da kuma masu kaya developers. Part wannan dabarun ya zama da Il-112, da halaye na wanda (musamman, da damar shida ton) zai ci nasara wajen maye gurbin m rundunar AN-26, AN-24T, AN-32 da kuma sauran inji cewa bauta a cikin sojojin shekaru da dama.

soja da sharudda

A cikin tsakiyar nineties, da tambaya sake kai jirgin sama ya riga quite tsanani. Babban contenders ga samar da wani sabon asali model haske-taƙawa jirgin sama (watau 5-6) da biyu. Ukrainian An-140 a kan dukan Rasha abokan ciniki zo, amma a yawan Manuniya ba gaba ɗaya gamsar da su. A musamman, sojojin jagoranci ya nace akan bukatar wani gangara, wanda ya sosai m a kan An-26, da kuma shi ne duka wani gangara da kuma mai dagawa inji.

Daya babbar bukata ya yiwuwar aiki a kan unpaved runways. Don mafi girma har wadannan ya bayyana sigogi corresponded zuwa Il-112, tare da daya kawai togiya. Ukrainian An-140 ya riga ya tattara, shi za a iya shãfe, amma Rasha jirgin sama wanzu ne kawai a kan takarda da shimfidu.

total schematics

An ban sha'awa tsarin da Schematic m dauka ta hanyar zanen kaya na kamfanin "Il'yushin". Duk da cewa yana da kyau (kuma wannan ya kasance mai yawa) da "Anton ta" sun soma. Don ganin wannan, shi isa kwatanta da dabara na karshe biyu da jirgin sama CB - Il-114 da kuma Il-112. A farko (hanyar, ya kasance ba sosai nasara) shi yana da gargajiya "ILYUSHIN" makirci, wanda aka halin low-reshe tare da biyu nacelles, ko tabbatar da wa Il-12, da kuma zagaye a giciye-sashe fuselage (monocoque). Wannan kewaye, bi da bi, da ake dangantawa da "Douglas" DS-3, da aka yi amfani da zane na Il-18 da kuma Il-38.

Antonov jirgin sama KB muhimmi sauran siffofin: da babba reshe yana da wani wuri a ƙasa dakatar Motors, da fuselage sashe qunshi wani saman surface, kusa da semicylinder, da kuma kasa - kusan lebur (monocoque). Wannan abin da Il-112. Hotuna da girma bayar da shawarar cewa kusanci akidu jirgin sama AN-24 da kuma ta m gyare-gyare (AN-26, AN-30 da kuma AN-32).

Hakika, wannan ba game da plagiarism. Kowane jirgin sama zane ne da ake ci gaba, bisa la'akari da fasaha bayani dalla-dalla, da kuma janar ideas zai kai ga zargin fili irin wannan jirgin sama, ko da idan su bayyanar ci gaba a m amincewa. Ka ce cewa "ILYUSHIN" kofe wani abu daga "Antonovites" ba zai yiwu ba. Bugu da ƙari, cewa wani fifiko amma ba su samu.

Lura cewa matsalolin da suka yi Il-112 zuwa farkon na aikin.

Matsaloli gudãna a samar

Fiye da biyu shekarun da suka gabata da suka wuce, a shekarar 1993, da zane jirgin sama samfurin da aka gabatar domin tattaunawa da jihar hukumar. A shekara daga baya, bayan da a saki na gwamnati doka, shi ya fara zayyana ta biyu versions - soja kai da fasinja.

The asali ra'ayin da aka hada da kokarin da Bashkir kamfanonin mai da kuma jirgin sama masana'antun. A shuka a Kumertau (akwai suna gina jiragen sama "Ka") makircin da kaddamar da wani daya, "jirgin sama", line ta kudade da aikin ta hanyar sayar da hydrocarbons. A wani yanayi na "kõfatansu a kan duwatsu nineties" wannan makirci, wanda wa'adi da nasara a farko, da rashin alheri, shi bai yi aiki ba.

CB kwararru sun yanke shawarar fadada samar da Il-112 a cikin Voronezh, wani jirgin sama factory VASO. A babbar sha'awa daga cikin tawagar da gudummawar da nasara a cikin BBC gasar, inda sabon mota yana yin tsayayya tsanani gasar tare da kai kamfanonin, Ya halitta wadannan Masters su craft - Sukhoi, MiG, kirar Tupolev ASTC da gwajin Machine Ginin Shuka. VM Myasishcheva. Yana da jũna cewa nasarar ne a kusa.

facer

A rabo daga cikin Il-112, duk da haka, an kafa mai wuya. A daya hannun, m jefa jerin gaji da damuwa da siyasa da kuma hukumomi dalilai. Tã transporter zurfin modernization aikin Il-76MD-90A sha da yawa na kasafin kudin kudi, da kuma haka developers sa'an nan-ministan tsaron kasar Serdyukov ya samarwa don su nemi nasu kafofin na kudade. Wannan matsala da aka sani ya zama da wuya, idan ba su da wani bayani, a matsayin sifirin jiragen sama kasuwar zo zuwa kasashen waje fafatawa a gasa, da kuma saboda abin da, a gaskiya, tsara jirgin sama (watau soja domin) bai kawo kudi. A daya hannun, ya fara wani zagaye na siyasa cinikayya tare da Ukraine a kan cewa wannan AN-140.

fasaha matsaloli

Ko da yake da wuya kuwa shi ne aiki na kiwon kudi a cikin rashi na gwamnati kudade, kamfanin "Ilyushin" don warware shi. A aikin da aka hada a jihar tsaro da kwangilar da wa'adin na farko jirgin. Ya aka nada a 2008, sa'an nan kuma mayar da su cikin 2010-th. A shekara-shekara bukatar kiyasta a 18 guda.

Amma ga wannan ranar da developers iya ba da sakamakon. Akwai dalilai da dama, kuma sun kasance zalla fasaha a yanayi. Duk da haka, babban ya cewa abokan (sunan da shuka Klimov) kasa samar dace engine Il-112.

Halaye dogara ne a kan jirgin sama powerplant. Da ikon da ake bukata domin wannan jirgin sama, 3.5 dubu. Hp (2 x 1,75 th.), Kuma "Klimovskii" TV7-117ST motor ci gaba ne kawai 1.4 dubu. Domin nuna da ake bukata sakamakon, sabon llu rasa 700 "dawakai".

Janar bayani game da jirgin sama

Saboda haka, yanzu babban abinda, wato, cewa wannan shi ne wani Il-112. Wannan ƙarfe monoplane da riveted sadarwa babban raka'a sanya daga titanium kuma duralumin daidaici, tare da wasu abubuwa da aka yi da kumshin kayan. Wing high wuri, tare da biyu pods, ta babban mataki na mechanization, don rage gudu-fita birki gammaye akwai. A fuselage ne zuwa kashi uku compartments. Cargo sashe (kazalika da dukan wasu) shãfe haske. Empennage T-dimbin yawa. The kofa da aka hada kai tare da gangara, da gangara kuma gangara ne a raya. A shasi yana da biyar hasumiya, babban saukowa ƙi cikin gefen nodules a kan sãsanninku.

jirgin yi

sabon jirgin sama gudu zai zama kamar guda a matsayin cewa daga cikin AN-24 da kuma AN-26 - 480 (cruising) zuwa 550 km / h. Rufi - 7600 m, nesa - har zuwa 1000 km, amma muhimmanci inganta takeoff da kuma saukowa yi. Don tashi, Ilu bukatar CPA tsawon na 870 m kuma zauna - 600 m. Major canje-canje halartar avionics. An zaci cewa na'urorin zai zama mafi zamani. Cargo daki sarari, iyãwarsa ya wuce girman da kaya da cewa za a iya hawa AN-140.

Yadda mai kyau shi ne?

Il-112 - jirgin da yake ba kamiltattu ba ne, amma za mu iya amincewa ce cewa yana da kyau. Bayar maye injuna domin m VK-3500 a wani tsarin gyare-gyare da ya iya yi aiki kai da jirgin sama, kuma ko da yana da wani takamaiman fitarwa m. Wani sabon nau'in inji for 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, da sha'awar mambobi ne na dakarun India da kuma kyau suna faɗakar da mukalli shi da sauran yiwuwa abokan ciniki. Har ila yau muhimmanci shi ne cewa a yau, mu ma'aikatar tsaro ba harbors fatan for hayayyafa hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen yammacin abokan, tsayawa su da hankali ga m fasaha. Babu wani abu mafi zamani da muke da a yau, amma lokaci ne yanã gudãna daga.

bushãra

The aikin yi bikin ta ashirin da ranar tunawa, shi za a iya kira wani dogon lokacin da shiri. Yana yiwuwa cewa sauran labari na siyasa halin da ake ciki da aikin zai iya kara wa jerin unrealized ideas, duk da haka, ƙarfafa labarai kwanan nan ƙaho. Il-112 zai har yanzu za a kawo hankalina, da kuma a kan kai tsaye umarni na shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation. Shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin aji, kuma ta samar da zai zama mai girma hanyar tada m jirgin sama masana'antu. Zai dauki kudi da kuma suka za a kasaftawa.

Samara "Aviacor" zai zama babban akai a kan wanda za a gina Il-112. A 2014, ta haka ne ya zama hukunci a da rabo daga cikin jirgin sama. Ana fatan cewa, bayan da a kalla shekaru uku, za su dauki ta farko jirgin.

Wannan shawarar da aka yi zai yiwu bayan wani canji na kai jirgin sama ra'ayi - wato, da tarin duk da samar da zane na iko a guda tsarin. Duk da haka, masana sun yi imanin cewa kada ta kasance ma nan da nan rubuta kashe jirage Tsohon soji. Zamanintar da kokarin da gaskiya Soviet jirgin sama kayayyaki ba lokacin da za a ci gaba da kuma kawo wa da ake so matakin da sabon jirgin sama, wanda zai maye gurbin su.