Academy of Sciences Library: inda? Description, kwatance

Library na Academy of Sciences - mafi girma ma'aikata a Rasha, tattara buga ayyukansu. Yana da aka kafa a 1714 ta hanyar umurnin Peter I. Babban manufar wannan library ne da aiwatar da samun littattafai ga dukkan mazauna jihar, haifar da zuwa Turai ilimi. Yau, da ganuwar cibiyoyin kiyaye game da ashirin da miliyan littattafai.

tushe

Library na Academy of Sciences aka located in St. Petersburg, a kan Vasilyevsky Island. Ta adireshin: Exchange Line, 1 (mafi kusa tashar jirgin karkashin kasa - "Sport"). Amma tarihin wannan ma'aikata dogon. A library ba kawai canza wuri. Gina shi yanzu bautar da aka gina a farkon yakin duniya na farko.

A cikin shekara na kafuwar asusun yana da wani fiye da dubu biyu littattafai. A library aka asali dake a cikin Summer Palace. Amma shekaru hudu daga baya, da shirya koma da shi zuwa Kikin Chambers. Gininsu, tsara a cikin Baroque style, da library maraba da farko baƙi. A Vasilevsky Island makaman da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga forties na karni na sha takwas. Amma sai aka located a cikin wani tsohon gini. A sabon ginin, wanda a yau shi ne mafi m littafin asusu na kasar, ya fara gina a cikin farkon karni na ashirin.

A farko darektan na library ya Robert Karlovich Areskin wanda hayar matsayin leburare Ioganna Shumahera. Ya yi bi yau da kullum da ƙari daga asusun. Schumacher daga baya ya zama darektan. Library na Academy of Sciences - da hukuma sunan ma'aikata. Amma lokacin da shi suka iso, sai aka ba da aka sani.

farko da baƙi

Fifiko hakkin ya yi amfani da asusun littattafai da aka tanada malamai. Amma sauran ilimi mutane ziyarci ɗakin karatu. Wannan yanayin ne a sakamako har da farkon seventies. Da farko masu karatu sun fi m al'ummar jihar, wato sahabbai da sarki: Feofan Prokopovich, Athanasius Kondoidi, YV Bruce AI Osterman.

buga littattafai asusu a karkashin Bitrus na yi game da dubu goma sha shida wallafe. A wannan adabi a Greek da Old Slavonic harsuna ba su ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi. Irin littattafai librarians sa a cikin wani raba dakin. Lokacin da Elizabeth aka bude da kuma samun wadannan ayyuka.

A labarai na bude na Rasha dakunan karatu bazu ko'ina Turai. Daya daga cikin na farko na shi a cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka ambata cikin manyan malama Denis Diderot.

farko wuta

The duniya-sanannen library ƙone sau uku. A farko wuta ya faru a 1747. By nagarta na shekaru da suka wuce game da taron, kadan da aka sani. A waɗannan shekaru da library yana cikin Kunstkammer. An sani cewa wuta halakar Gottorp duniya da kuma gina wata 'yar hasumiyar. Books a cikin waɗancan kwanaki ba sosai adana. Kuma haka asarar da aka, a kwatanta da m gobara kananan.

Library a cikin XIX karni

A cikin karni na sha tara da aka tsara shatan, bisa ga abin da Library na Academy of Sciences a St. Petersburg, shi ne wani bincike ma'aikata. Horo da kuma ilimi da aiki, shi ba ya cika. A shatan na tsarin da aka fili ya bayyana matsayin da kyau. Kowace daga cikin kudi da ya kamata a kai a kai sabunta. Domin samar da library tare da sabon bugu, kowane m ya aika yau da kullum da littattafai. Tare da kowane edition - daya kwafin. Idan wannan yanayin da aka ba su cika, da bugu ma'aikata biya tarar.

sabon gine-gine

A cikin tsakiyar karni na sha tara a matsayin wani ɓangare na ma'aikata suka fara samar da wasu ilimi dakunan karatu. Daga cikinsu akwai littafin collections a gidajen tarihi. Shirya da kuma shugabannin sun manyan masana kimiyya na lokaci: L. L. Fleri, ek Berg I. F. Willy Brandt.

By karshen karni na sha tara, wani archive na Academy of Sciences Library fara fuskanci wani rashin sarari. Wajen da sabon littafi kudi sun babu inda. Kuma nan da nan mun gina wani sabon ginin.

Library a farkon karni XX

A farkon karni na karshe da aka alama ta wani gagarumin karuwa a ma'aikatan. Har ila yau, adadin domin sayan sabon littattafai saki daga baitul, ya zama mafi girma. Duk da haka, da gyare-gyare da aka ba da za'ayi. Dumama tsarin zauna musamman shabby. Kuma a cikin 1901 akwai wata wuta, wanda ya hallaka fiye da dubu na kundin. Wannan bakin ciki taron, duk da haka, kara aiwatar da gina wani sabon ginin, wani aiki da nasa ne m RR Marfeld. Shi ne ginin da aka sani a yau a duniya da kuma riko da wani dubun muhimmanci kimiyya littattafai.

Gina a kan Exchange Street

Library na Rasha Academy of Sciences ya da za a sanya a cikin wani sabon ginin a shekara ta 1914. Amma abubuwan tarihin da suka ragae da ɗan gudanar da tafi zuwa sabon gabatarwa. The yaki ya fara. Ginin da aka yi amfani da tsari na ma'aikatar War a matsayin wani asibiti fitarwa.

Duk da haka, [akin Karatun na Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg) dadin fadi da shahararsa da kuma high kimiyya dalĩli. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, duk da janar hargitsi da kuma lalata a cikin ƙasar, ta samu har yanzu wani sabon ginin da ya sake zama wani abin dogara mangaza na littafin tarin da kuma archives.

Abubuwan tarihin lalle kawo ci gaban da library. A kudi a kai a kai samun wallafe-wallafe neman sauyi hali. Amma, mafi muhimmanci, a cikin farkon twenties zuwa laburare samu da yawa rubuce-rubucen, masu zaman kansu tarin kuma daban-daban tsoho adabi na gidajen ibada, majami'u da kuma wasu cibiyoyin narkar. A 1924 general asusun amounted zuwa fiye da miliyan uku kundin.

Library a 1930

A farkon thirties Scientific Library na Academy of Sciences aka sake tsarafa. The asusun aka bayansa a kudi na rassan a sauran birane na Turai bangare na kasar. A ma'aikata kuma ya bayyana sashen yi nufi ga maido da kuma kiyayewa daga tsohon takardun. A cikin tsakiyar thirties na Academy of Sciences Library kunshi wadannan raka'a:

• saye sashe.
• aiki naúrar.
• amfaninsa a rabu.
• sabis na sashen.
• kimiyya da kuma bibliographic sashen.
• Moscow reshe.

Library a lokacin da kewaye

Library na Academy of Sciences, wanda littattafai ne kimiyya da al'adu, an yi tattalinta dõmin fitarwa a watan Yuli shekara arba'in da ɗaya. Amma da gaba ma da sauri gabatowa Leningrad. ba za a iya aika zuwa ga raya. A watan Agusta, mafi yawan littattafan da aka mayar da su cikin benen kasa, dage farawa da yashi da ƙasa.

A sakamakon harin bom, wanda dade shekaru biyu, da library gabatarwa sha wahala ƙwarai. A lokacin da kewaye na Birnin Leningrad, a cikin ma'aikata da aka game da ɗari da hamsin da ma'aikata. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu ya mutu. Reading da dakuna na ci gaba da aiki a wartime. Amma ziyarci su 'yan kasa, saboda wasu dalilai, sau da yawa sosai. Gaba daya ayyukan da ma'aikata da aka sabunta ga shekara kafin babbar nasara, a lokacin da fitarwa na karshe iya komawa zuwa yau da kullum da masu karatu da kuma library sandarka.

wuta 1988

A mafi mummunan bala'i a cikin tarihi na library ya faru a watan Fabrairu 1988. The wuta hallaka daruruwan dubban littattafai da kuma periodicals. Bugu da kari, da dab'I da yawa sun sha wahala a sakamakon wuta extinguishing. Daban-daban hanyoyin da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su ya bushe da littattafai. Suna bushe da dumi iska, da kuma high mita igiyoyin, da kuma injin da bẽnãye.

Masana kimiyya sun zo da taimakon daga birnin. Yana da ya wajaba wajen samar da gaggawa hanyoyin magance mold. Kauce wa infecting fungal tsarin kudi gudanar. Duk da haka, ceto ayyukan da aka alaka ba kawai mazauna, amma kuma duniya al'umma. Financial, abu da kuma kayan aiki da goyon bayan da library da Academy of Sciences.

wuta yanayi

The wuta, a cikin abin da a kan gungumen azaba sun mafi muhimmanci da Monuments na al'ada da fari rufe jaridar asusu. Haka ya faru a yamma na goma sha huɗu na Fabrairu. By safe, kashe gobara gudanar da localize da tushen wuta. Amma nan da nan akwai wani sabon, riga a sauran karshen ginin. Kuma wannan lokaci da wuta ya fi iko. An hour daga baya, a lokacin da shi ya zama na fili da cewa wuta za ta yi jinkiri na dogon lokaci, duk entrances zuwa Exchange titi sun rufaffiyar. Burning babba benaye na ginin. The wuta ya bayyane ko da daga mafi m yankunan birnin. Wuta saka fita ba zai iya zama fiye da goma hours.

A gaskiya da wuta ya da wani laifi hali. Ainihin version ya tabbatar da cewa daya daga cikin ma'aikatan - Constantine Butyrkin - wai ba sõmammu ya taba ta amai da shi a cikin shara. Wanda ake zargin ya ƙaryata laifi. Evidence na la'anta ya ba.

New versions bayyana daga baya. Watanni da dama daga baya, wani abin kunya ya barke a latsa. Library ma'aikatan ba kawai da ake zargi da sakaci, amma kuma a da sata da littattafai, da kuma ko da sa wuta. Babu version ba a tabbatar da haka. Duk da haka, a cikin ni'imar da zato cewa sa wuta ne gaskiya cewa wuta ya barke kusan lokaci guda, a sassa daban daban na ginin. A hali da aka rufe don rashin shaida. Amma ko da a yau wuta asiri murna da yawa. Hujja da wannan - mai yawan talabijin shirye-shirye da kuma Documentaries a kan wannan batun.

Tarihi na ginin

House a Exchange Street, Gina 1, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da aka gina shekaru uku kafin juyin juya halin. A asibitin soja da aka located a wani gini da cewa da aka asali yi nufi ga library, fiye da shekaru goma. Bayan ya koma sabon gabatarwa littafin asusun ya kasu kashi da wadannan sassan:

• Asian Museum.
• Cibiyar Slavic Nazarin.
• Cibiyar littattafai, takardun da haruffa.

Tun daga shekarar 1960, a kan ashirin shekaru za'ayi gina ƙarin gine-gine.

Yau, da Academy of Sciences Library na Rasha Federation yana kan goma sha tara da miliyan kofe. Daga cikin su - duka biyu cikin gida da kuma waje bugu. The asusun da aka kai a kai sabunta. Damage wanda ya sa a wuta a shekara ta 1988 shekara partially bayansa da godiya ga taimako daga sauran kasashe library wurare. A shekara ta 2007, domin da maimaitawa na ginin daga jihar kasafin kudin kudi da aka kasaftawa.

Darektan BAN

Shahararren shugabannin library suka I. D. Shumaher, II Yakovkin, GA Chebotarev. A lokacin, da darektan da Academy of Sciences Library - Leonov Valeriy Pavlovich. Wannan mutumin ya jagoranci BAN 1988.

Leonov sabon ra'ayi na library aka samarwa. Kimiyya da ayyukan darektan BAN hadawa ba kawai tare da jagorancin da ma'aikata, amma kuma tare da shiri na kimiyya ma'aikata. Tun 2002, Leonov ne Honoured ma'aikacin Culture of Rasha. Its administrative da bincike ayyuka samu isasshen kima ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma kasashen waje.