A turbofan engine PD-14 bayani dalla-dalla, a kwatanta gwajin, amfani

A halin yanzu, m jirgin sama masana'antu ne a wani irin "tana dabo" jiha: a daya hannun, shi ne, a kan sauran - babu zamani jirgin sama zalla m ci gaban a cikin past shekaru, mun ba su gani ba. Kuma "Super Jet" ba ya ƙidaya, tun da shi daga Rasha - kawai "sukudireba taro". Bege jirgin masana'antu ne evocation na PD-14 engine halaye (idan aka kwatanta da analogues) wanda ya yale shi ya kira daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

A developers fatan cewa da kafa sabuwar mota mafi m tasiri a kan jihar da dukan m jirgin sama masana'antu da kuma zai taimaka wajen halittar yawa sabon jobs.

A sabon shiri

Abin da kullum halitta sabon engine PD-14? Features (kwatanta da waje model) zamani Rasha injuna suna da irin wannan matsananciyar bukata wajen samar da wani abu halin sabon. A zanen da aka shiryar da ra'ayin samar da wutar lantarki, wadda za ta ci gaba da bunkasa da kuma gina nasu jirgin sama da damar 130 zuwa 180 kujeru. The kawai fasinja mota a cikin aji, kuma mai cikakken Rasha asalin - Tu-214. Its samar a kananan batches ci gaba a yau.

Amma wadannan jirgin sama gaggawa bai isa ba, muna bukatar kayan aiki sabunta dukan rundunar motoci na kasar. Amma yin wannan ba tare da gaba daya sabon engine - cikakken yiwu ba. Domin fasaha bayani dalla-dalla da kuma damar ba abin da ya kamata ba a ga takwarorinsu daga duniya jagorancin masana'antun.

A general, saboda da 'yan Ukrainian events da kuma cikakken katsewa na dangantakar a masana'antu kansu na kasashen biyu, matukar muhimmanci engine PD-14 (dalla-dalla, kwatancen - a cikin wannan labarin) ne kuma a cikin bangare na cika Tarurrukan na zane da kuma yi na gas injin turbin injuna a kasar mu. Bugu da kari, a cikin shakka daga da aka kafa shirin a warware dama manyan matsaloli:

• Complete sake fasalin kudin da sifirin jiragen sama masana'antu da reallocating matsayin da hannu a cikin aikin da sababbin 'yan wasa.
• A karshe, shi ne ya shirya don su raba yankunan da alhakin kuma sake haifar da wani rabo na aiki a saura na yi na jirgin sama kayayyakin, wanda aka hallaka a lokacin da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet.
• Har ila yau, aikin halittawa ake kirgawa a kan ci gaban sabon polymeric da kumshin kayan, wanda ake matukar bukatar zamani Aerospace masana'antu.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara?

A ra'ayin cewa, kasar gaggawa yana bukatar wani sabon jirgin sama engine, an haife shi a cikin zurfin "Aircraft Engine", a lokacin da iska shi ne farkon 2000. Lokaci lõkacin da ta kasance da wuya matuƙa, amma saboda a gaskiya wannan aikin, 'yan ĩmãni.

Amma kungiyar kwararru a wannan lokaci a hankali, kuma purposefully karatu duniya kwarewa a samar da injuna, kazalika don nazarin kasuwa na cikin gida da zirga-zirga, kokarin hango ko hasashen irin mota irin a cikin sifirin jiragen sama masana'antu ne a high bukatar. Abin da daidai ya kamata a kasaftawa engine PD-14? Features (kwatanta da bambanci) shi tare da kasashen waje samfurori kawai ya bayyana ta ga alama magabaci.

Me ya sa? Yana da sauki. A waɗannan kwanaki, da kayayyakin kasashen waje da jirgin sama masana'antun zuwa "tura" kasuwannin mu ne musamman m hanyoyin. Alas, a cikin wani karamin mũdu da gudummawar da wannan, da kuma wasu manajoji. Yau, saboda da takunkumi, da batun ba haka ya dace. Haka kuma, jihar kanta "kwatsam" zama sha'awar da yiwuwar m samar da injuna. Saboda haka kamfanin na "Aircraft Engine" sa'an nan da sauri ya juya da mayar da hankali na biyu cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje kafofin watsa labarai.

The main manufofin da aikin

Babban aiki a lokacin da aka samar da wani m kudin, wanda zai zama da samfurin gaske fara saya rayayye. A sa'an nan da ra'ayin don ƙirƙirar wani hadade da kuma duniya gas janareta. Idan nasara, sa'an nan mu kasar za ta iya haifar da wata babbar jerin da kansa masana'antu kayan aiki, wanda ba zai iya amma yi farin ciki.

Mene ne wani turbofan engine, da ka'idodinta

Yadda za a fi fahimtar abũbuwan amfãni bayar da sabon turbofan engine? Ka'idar aiki na duk irin injuna ne irin wannan, amma saboda batun ya kamata a duba a cikin mafi daki-daki, saboda in ba haka ba wuya a fahimci amfanin sababbin hanyoyin fasaha.

Turbofan a cikin adabi ake magana a kai injuna da wani babban kewaye rabo. The bayãnin hukuncin alama ne gaban manyan diamita fan, ta hanyar abin da ya wuce ta engine ko da yaushe sosai manyan girma na iska. Saboda da manyan size of sassa na engine m bututun ƙarfe sau da yawa zama ma "monumental", amma saboda an taqaitaccen. Don haka babu wani hadarin iska haukan kogi a cikin zane hada da vanes, wanda kunna iska ya kwarara daga cikin cakuda da ake so shugabanci.

Haka kuma, a kan tushen da yake gudanar da ayyukansa ne karfi da reminiscent na makami mai linzami injuna, amma ya kwarara hadawa su kusan ba ya lura. A amfani da turbofan injuna ne cewa jet exiting daga makami mai linzami "bututu", a wannan yanayin, wani ƙarin fan spins, wanda shi ne mai iko tushen dirka. Wannan shi yake bada babu kasa da 70-80% na jimlar gogayya. Saboda haka, da jirgin sama engine PD-14 ne musamman tattali. A ciki kwane-kwane na injuna kusan gaba daya mayar da zane na roka model, amma su da "a hade" matakai ne fan-kore.

Amfani ko rashin amfani

Kamar yadda da dukan da "dangi" a jirgin sama engine PD-14, yana da kyau da kuma mummunan bangarorin. Daga cikin karfi hada high dace, abin da ya sa m amfani da wadannan ikon shuke-shuke ko da a kan dogon zango.

Abin da ya flaws? A mafi muhimmanci - a manya-manyan size da kuma mai kyau nauyi. Duk da wannan yunkurin na injiniyoyi da masana kimiyya, turbofan injuna samar da gagarumin juriya ga zuwan airflow a jirgin. An zaci cewa wannan matsala za a iya warware idan akwai hanyoyin da za a rage su overall girma.

kamanta bambance-bambance

A sabon turbofan engine, da manufa da abin da yake kama da "gargajiya" to m model, yet sosai daban-daban daga waɗanda suke a gabãninsu. Hakika, da bambance-bambance "da ido" a bayyane ne kawai zuwa injiniyoyi. Idan ka kwatanta shi da model na PS-90A (il-96, Tu-214, Il-76), shi ne nan da nan m, ba tsoro na kalmar, wani ingantaccen tsalle a cikin fasaha tsari da yiwuwa.

Kewaya rabo ya karu daidai sau biyu, da gas da zazzabi a ƙofar da injin turbin nan da nan ya karu zuwa 100 K, jimlar mataki na matsawa (a karkashin daban-daban yanayi) ya karu da 20-50%. A kwatanta da muka ambata a sama jinsunan m injuna, da sabon jirgin sama engine PD-14 ba ka damar ceton akalla 12-16% karin man fetur.

nauyi tanadi

A karo na farko a cikin gida yakin jirgin sama engine zane fasahar amfani a samar da m injin turbin ruwan wukake daga high-ƙarfi titanium gami.

Wannan ba wani nauyi ceton 30%, a total sabon jirgin sama engine PD-14 yana yuwuwa ta game da 10%. Har ila yau, a Perm Motor Shuka yanzu ƙware da fasaha na samar da guda-crystal injin turbin ruwan wukake aiki. An ruwaito cewa wannan hanya zai ba da damar tada zafin aiki na gas dama har zuwa 2000 K.

Bugu da kari, da farko m masana'antun a cikin zane da kuma yi na injuna suna faruwa yi amfani da adadin polymer kumshin kayan. Tare da irin wannan fuskanta ba kawai muhimmanci rage-rage engine nauyi amma kuma kara da ƙarfi, kuma da juriya ga overloads.

Darajar wani sabon motor

Kamar yadda muka ce a farkon sosai da labarin, ba za ka iya haifar da wani sabon jirgin sama, ba tasowa sabon pre-cursors. Tare da latest duk hankali a gyara: gwajin engine PD-14 a cikin nau'i na Jihar zai fara dubawa ... Amma abin da irin motoci za a sanye take da su?

An zaci cewa musamman ga wadannan Motors za a halitta MS-21 jirgin sama (akwati, 21st karni). Idan wannan ne da gaske za a aiwatar, sa'an nan ba za mu iya magana game da wani real nasara, a karo na farko tun Soviet sau a kasar mu za a gaske halitta sabon abu. More muhimmanci, da Rasha engine PD-14 zai haifar da dukan kewayon sabon jirgin sama tsara don yi a matsayin dogon zango flights da kuma inda ake nufi na ciki Lines. Har kwanan nan, kowa da kowa ce cewa Rasha jirage da za a dakunan musamman tare da shigo da injuna. Yau bayyana cewa shi ne sa'a ba haka al'amarin.

Abin da inji suna faruwa ga ba su?

Riga yau shi ne, bayyananne cewa sabon hadade mota zane damar da shi da za a yi amfani da nasarar ba kawai a fasinja, amma kuma a kan kai jirage. Tunda yana lankwasa kamar yadda 14 ton, wannan model za a iya shigar a kan MS-21-200 / 300/400. Lalle ne sũ, za a yarda don kammala Il-76 da kuma Il-214. Akwai bayanai game da farkon halittar da wani ko da more iko version tare da wata dirka 18 ton, wato, da PD-18. Ana nufin a yi amfani a kan Tu-214 da jirgin sama da kuma Il-96. Mu tuna cewa duk wadannan inji suna sanye take da "oldies" PS-90A.

Har ila yau, Developers rahoton cewa an riga an yanke shawarar, da kuma halittar wani haske version na wannan engine da wani dirka goma tons. Za mu iya ɗauka cewa shi za a yi amfani da don samar da tsawon jimrewa "Superjet" saya injuna domin wanda France yanzu babu wanda yake so. A karshe, akwai kuma za ta kafa musamman, helikofta version na engine, wanda za a kammala tare da shahararrun kai "saniya", ta helikofta Mi-26.

Don wannan rana, a cikin yi da wadannan inji aka yi amfani da Ukrainian injuna D-136. Ko na farko lissafin nuna cewa data kasance bukatun ga wadanda injuna ne fiye da isa ya rufe duk da halin kaka, wanda aka samu a lokacin da cin gaban sabuwar fasahar. Yana da aka shirya tada akalla 70 biliyan rubles na zuba jari, da rabin su - daga cikin tarayya kasafin kudin. A karshen shã'aninku nuna yadda wannan aikin wajibi ne ga kasar.

Abin da ke daidai ba tare da tsohon PS90-A?

Da sabuwar engine ga MS-21, PD-14 - wani sabon ƙarni na turbo-kayan gidan wasan kwaikwayo injuna. Bugu da kari, shi ne daidai jituwa tare da mun gwada tsohon jirgin sama gyare-gyare. Saboda haka cancanci "Tsohon soji" na Il-76, da na zamani wanda ake maida tun a bara, lokacin da shigar a kan wani sabon engine wanda zai iya tashi kashe 'yan dubban hours. Bugu da kari, shi ne iya kara jirgin kewayon daga hudu zuwa biyar kilomita dubu, ba tare da wani kaya da kuma nesa za su kara dubu kilomita, da kuma man fetur amfani ne rage by game da 14%. A karshen yana da muhimmanci musamman, domin godiya ga shi, zai rage kudin da shari wani ton na kaya a lokaci daya da 10%.

Saboda haka, tsohon mota, dama bauta wa lokaci aiki da kuma ci gaba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet har shi ya aikata ta aiki, amma na zamani da bukatun, ya daina ya yi daidai. Babban matsalar - high man fetur amfani da ƙara amo. A ka'ida, shi da aka sani na lokaci mai tsawo, amma kankare matakai don magance halin da ake ciki da kuma samar da wani sabon engine aka sanya kawai yanzu. Shi ne gaskiya a ce kawai yanzu yana da dukan zama dole kayayyakin aiki, domin aiki.

Official bayanai game da ci gaban

Hukumance, da engine ya kasance a ci gaba tun 2008, amma a gaskiya ya gina wani talented tawagar designers fara da baya a 1999.

A shekarar 2012, karo na farko tara da cikakken demo version. A lokaci guda akwai wani m debugging gasifier tsarin, wanda Ya tsĩrar cikin manyan kalubalen da ya designers. Don kwanan wata, duk lahani An yi nasarar shafe ta. Domin da farko lokacin da Perm engine aka kaddamar a tsakiyar shekarar 2012. A daidai wannan lokaci da zanen kaya sun gano cewa, babban zane dabi'u ne daidai da m Jihar harkokin, wanda ya kara karfafa su imani a cikin gaggawa bukatar don kafa samar da sabon injuna.

Benci gwaje-gwaje asali shirya za a kammala shekaru uku da suka wuce, amma saboda wasu matsaloli akwai shaida cewa suna ci gaba da a sashi don wannan rana. Ana sa ran cewa wannan shekara za a fara taro samar, kuma domin da shekara Permian kamata tattara ba kasa da biyu ko uku dozin sabon injuna. Kuma shi ne - sosai kadan, kamar yadda m Aviator yi imani da cewa a halin yanzu rates na flights ta 2019, jirgin sama injuna kamata a da za'ayi a cikin wani Titanic taki - 200 abubuwa a watanni 12. Ana fatan cewa cikin gida masana'antu za su iya "ja" da aikin.

Me game da MS-21?

Domin da farko lokacin bayanai don fara aiki a kan samar da sabon jirgin sama ya fara zuwa zo a farkon shekarar bara. Don kwanan wata, an san cewa a Irkutsk jirgin sama shuka riga ana tattara ta farko ƙwanso da sabon gida jirgin sama, wanda aka fi sani a karkashin "unofficial" sunan Yak-242 a cikin yanayi.

Wing na musamman kumshin kayan tattara a Ulyanovsk. Mafi m, shi ya riga ya zo a Irkutsk. Domestic kafofin watsa labarai da wakilainsu a sha'anin, tabbatattun yi alkawarin cewa na farko kwamitin da zai iya hawa wannan lokacin rani a cikin iska. An ruwaito cewa manufacturer riga yana mai ɗamfarar 175 kwangila domin gina da kuma samar da MS-21. Customers mutane da yawa manyan kungiyoyi, wanda sun hada da ko da Sberbank, aiwatar da isar da sabon jirgin sama don yin haya.

Akwai kuma bayanai da za a iya bugu da žari da umarnin wani 100 da jirgin sama na irin wannan, wanda za ku bauta wa ba kawai m, amma kuma waje fassara a matsayin abokan ciniki. Wannan sako ne da gaske musamman, saboda na karshe lokacin da wani ya dauki wani amfani a mu fasinja a jirgin sama ne kawai a Soviet sau.

Da muhimmancin da MS-21 aikin ne da cewa shi ne - na farko da kawai m jirgin sama, halitta da kansa da kuma ba tare da yin amfani da tsofaffin gudanar da kungiyar tarayyar na lokaci, da cewa ba ya amfani da waje aka gyara. A kan jirgin waƙa da farko jirage na wannan alama za a sake ne kawai bayan da karshe kammala duk wani nau'i na jirgin da benci gwaje-gwaje, wanda ci gaba da zuwa wannan rana.

binciken

Saboda haka, mai alamar sabon engine - a real nasara a fadin m masana'antu da kuma, musamman, ya} ungiyoyin jirgin sama. Game da bukatar wadannan Motors, shi ne babban. Yana da dogon tarihi na cikin gida da dako, suka ce ba su ma m saya sun soke zama shigo jirgin sama, a hanya wanda kusan m. Amma yayin da m masana'antu ba bayar da su da wani abu da ya dace.

Yau akwai da engine da jirgin sama. Tun da mu bayyana sanctioned, damar da za ka saya wani abu kasashen waje ne ba, kuma skyrocketing musayar kudi ba ya ƙara da kyawawa da wannan shawarar. Saboda haka cewa kasa aikin yana da babban damar. Ana fatan cewa masana'antu ba zai kasa kuma za su iya samar da masana'antun da dukan zama dole na'urorin haɗi.