Funicular - teku na motsin zuciyarmu. Ta yaya funicular: da na'ura, da tsawon, tsawo. Mafi shahara funicular a Kiev, Vladivostok, Prague da Barcelona

Mazauna wasu birane a duniya zai iya gadara da cewa suna da a cikin ƙasar haihuwarmu irin wannan jan hankali a matsayin funicular. Wannan ba kawai a abin hawa. Yana iya amincewa a kira wani janye a wadda utilitarian dagawa aiki ne a hade tare da nisha.

Yaya na USB mota?

A babba funicular na'urar ne halin da sunan (da kalmar "funiculitis" da aka fassara a matsayin igiya da Latin kuma Italian). Ya ƙunshi wani gogayya tsarin da Trailers, yawanci motsi a gaban shugabanci. Wannan makirci ba ka damar daidaita load. Engineering yi ma ya hada da reluwe, giya, actuators da braking tsarin, ciki har da gaggawa actuating ta atomatik idan igiya karyewa ko wasu mahaukaci yanayi bayyana. Design funiculars bambanta a kowane daga cikin biranen da suka gina bisa ga nasa zane, tare da musamman gine na tashoshin da mirgina stock zane.

Farfado Odessa funicular

Alal misali, a cikin Odessa, kusa da Giant bene (daga baya sake masa suna Potemkin), tun 1902 sarrafa da na USB mota, na farko a cikin Rasha Empire. A 60-ies na XX karni a wurin da aka shigar da wani escalator, kamar wadanda cewa aiki a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa. Bandwidth ya karu, amma kash zamani look a hade tare da tarihi bayyanar da kudancin birnin. A karshen, na zamani "tafiya bene," gaji, kuma a yanzu a cikin wannan wuri sake aikata da funicular. Wannan tsarin yana amfani da wani cancanta nasara daga cikin 'yan ƙasa na Odessa da baƙi na gari, da kuma yayi wani m view na tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma harbor, kuma shi facilitates hanya zuwa Primorsky babban titi, bayan hawa 192 matakai domin wasu mutane, musamman tsofaffi, yana da tedious.

Streetcar a San Francisco - koyi ga na USB mota a Vladivostok

Funicular Vladivostok da aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin daya daga cikin matakan sake fasalin wannan ban mamaki seaside gari a cikin "Soviet na San Francisco." A lokacin da ya kai ziyara Amurka, da aka gudanar a 1959, da farko Sakataren da CPSU N. S. Hruschev aka sha'awar da tsarin na birane kai na Californian hedkwatarsu, wanda ya yi daidai da a duniya. Kamar yadda Vladivostok, San Francisco aka located a kan hadaddun ƙasa, da kuma yin tafiya a ƙasa yawo a kan shi kyawawan wuya, muna da wani abu da hawa, sa'an nan sauka da m gangara. Talakawa birane kai wasu daga cikin hawa na iya zama fiye da ikon, sa'an nan aka sanya wani ban sha'awa yanke shawara. All birnin trams San Francisco motsi a kan reluwe, tsakanin wanda aka aza wata igiya. Don dakatar da mota, da ba da shawara ya kamata bude connection na'urar kuma latsa a kan birki, da kuma motsi fara a lõkacin da baya aiki. Shi ne ko da wuya a ƙayyade daidai funicular ko tram ne, amma tsarin aiki lafiya, amma a matsayin mirgina stock amfani da su mayar da tsohon motoci ba tare da injuna shigo daga kasashe daban-daban, abin da ya sa wani tafiya fun cika kasada a yanayi.

Funicular - gani "Vlad"

Yana iya zama cewa izini a 1962 a Vladivostok funicular da kuma na baya a size da kuma sashe na Amurka, amma ya ne mai kyau qwarai. Kawai a cikin Far East, ta haɗa bay na Golden Kakakin tare da Orlinaya titi V. Sibirtseva. A cewar shi, so don samun zuwa School of Engineering dalibai, yawon bude ido, lalle zã ziyarci wannan alama, da kuma birnin na mazauna shawo kan m tudu, idan ba su so su je a sama, "daya dubu da daya mataki" (a gaskiya, su 368, amma yana da yawa). Hawan da na USB mota zuwa tsawo na 70 mita yana minti goma sha biyar, lokacin da lokacin da shi nasara da 183 m hanya. Saboda haka, da talakawan gangara ne mafi girma daga 22 digiri, cewa da yawa.

Funicular a Prague - wata hanya ga masoya

Ya bambanta da na zamani da kuma amfani sosai ga mazauna Vladivostok funicular Railway a cikin Czech babban birnin kasar Railway a kan Petrin tudun shi ne musamman nishadi jan hankali, kuma yana da shekaru ta daraja - ya fara aiki a 1891. A daidai wannan lokaci shi aka bude wani sanannen funicular a Prague Letna tudu. zirga-zirga hanya romantic da picturesque. A ta 510-mita dari na mota ya ci nasara a kananan rami a karkashin bango na tsohon sansanin soja, da kuma a terminus na baƙi, a Bugu da kari ga gadin da hasumiya, jiran wani sassaka sadaukar da sumba. Yana da wani fi so taron wurin matasa Praguers.

Barcelona funiculars

"Tibidabo" - mafi tsufa funicular a Barcelona (kuma duk uku daga cikinsu). A hanya take kaiwa gare shi zuwa ƙwanƙolin dutsen, bayan da aka mai suna, da sauran tashar aka located a kan titi Dr. Andreu. Tibidabo ne a kan wani igiya jirgin kasa - "Vayvidrera", wanda ya tafi daga Peude tashar, amma shi ne da yawa karami, za a iya rike kawai game da hamsin da fasinjoji. Dagawa tsawo duka biyu funicular kamar guda, fiye da 160 da mita, amma daban-daban tsawon (729 da 1152 bi da bi mita), wanda ya nuna cewa kudirin ya auku a daban-daban steepness na gangara. Saboda haka, a mafi m "Tibidabo", duk da ya ci-gaba shekaru (ya aka maida su ba kome tun 1901), yana daukan ɗari huɗu da fasinjoji, kuma ƙanensa Peude - sau takwas kasa.

Montuika funicular - jama'a kai da kuma tafiya a lokaci guda

Uku funicular - "Montuika" - wani bangare ne na Municipality na Barcelona kai, shi ne atomatik kuma da sauri. Its manufa - to connect da gida na USB mota daga Metro tashar "layi daya" tashar. A hanya ne sosai da kyau located, ta 758-mita hanya gudanar tsakanin kangararrun thickets kuma ta dage da fasinjoji zuwa tsawo na 76 mita. Cancanci kwaikwayo na Barcelona City gwamnati jihãdi don tabbatar da cewa batu na amfani kawo wa taskar a matsayin mai yawa kudi kamar yadda zai yiwu. Yawon shakatawa janye inganta kayayyakin more rayuwa, arziki na gidajen cin abinci, cafes da sauran nisha wurare cewa halitta duk da yanayi na jin dadin kyau views daga duwãtsu Montuika. Gina da na USB mota a Barcelona a kan lokaci da aka gudanar a can a shekara ta 1929, a duniya adalci, amma cikakkiyar fasaha yanayin yarda mu yi amfani da shi a matsayin Olympic makaman a shida-da shekarun da suka gabata.

Kiev funicular - da ra'ayin da kuma aiwatar da

Funicular a Kiev - daya daga cikin alamu na birnin. Ya ya samu da yawa na tarihi upheavals. Juyin juya halin, yakin basasa, directory Makhnovshchina, da Austria baki Ukrainian jumhuriya, halakakke ne, Mai girma Patriotic War kuma kamar wata "Maidan" - wannan shi ne kawai wani m jerin abubuwan da suka faru, ta hanyar abin da ya wuce da Kiev kujera daga. Kuma ya fara rayuwa a cikin 1905, lokacin da bayan shekaru biyu na yi, "da Belgium kamfanin" ya dauki shi zuwa aiki. Marubuta daga cikin aikin, Rasha injiniyoyi NI Baryshnikov kuma N. K. Pyatnitsky, habarta tsawon kwata na kilometer tafi, amma mai shi da wani gidan a kasa na kan hanya ƙi sayar wa dukiyarsa, zuwa ga birnin hukumomi, kuma ya sake duba shirin, rage daga hanya zuwa hamsin da makarai. Duk da haka, da janar matsala, wato da taimako na Kiev rayuwa, ko tilasta su hau kashe da kalmasa tare da hanyõyi, kuma matakala da daruruwan matakai, an warware. Tram iya ba up da tuddan na Kiev. Bayan Odessa Kiev ya zama na biyu a birnin a Rasha, wanda shi ne wani tsarin yi hada ne da wani electromechanical mamaki kamar yadda St Michael da ke Yunƙurin (kamar yadda aka asali kira da fasaha bidi'a).

The abu akan sake haihuwa na Kiev funicular

Kiev funicular yi aiki a asalin siffan har 1928, a lokacin da, a lokacin da wani na yau da kullum ana gyara akwai wani gazawar da trailer wanda, mirgina saukar da m reluwe, ci na biyu. A wannan lamarin, sa'a, sun ba jikkata amma cikin ginin da ake buƙata wata babbar gyara. Sauyawa underwent mirgina, igiya-Lines da braking tsarin. Bugu da ƙari, cikin ƙananan tashar karshe an koma, da kuma hanya da aka mika wani 38 mita. A ikon naúrar kunsha na biyu DC Motors a Switzerland (for 65 l. S., 1903 model shekara), da kuma igiya drive kura bauta har 1984 shekara.

A shekarar 1986, na uku babbar maimaitawa aka kammala, wadda a cikin tarihi ya halartar Kiev funicular. Wannan makaman ne a yanzu Picks sama da mota tare da daruruwan fasinjoji zuwa tsawo na 75 mita a gudun 2 m / sec. Abu mai muhimmanci ya karu ikon iya aiki, shigar ikon ne 100 kW. A total tsawon na lura da kai 222 m. Karusai tashi a kowane bakwai minti. Kowace rana, game da 15,000 fasinjoji amfani da wannan dace nau'i na sufuri.

Aiki don inganta funicular ana gudanar a kai a kai, suka ba da labari, don inganta tsaro da kuma wayar da kan jama'a na fasinjoji. Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa ado gefe, saboda wannan gini ya dade ɓangare na tarihi bayyanar da Ukrainian babban birnin kasar.