A tsawon ekweita

Ga mafi yawancin mu da kalmar "ekweita" ake dangantawa da layin cewa ya raba mu duniya cikin biyu halves. A wannan batun, shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa mutane suna tambayar: abin da yake ekweita? Mazauna - wani al'amari ne line cewa an daidai intersects surface na mu Earth wani jirgin saman, wanda aka dauke su perpendicular zuwa axis na juyawa na duniya da kuma gudanar da dama, ta hanyar da cibiyar. Tare da Latin kalmar "Aequator" fassara a matsayin "farke." Wannan layi - al'ada fara lissafa latitud daidai ekweita 0 digiri.

A tsawon ekweita ne 40 075 676 km, sauran Lines (a layi daya) ne ko da yaushe kasa da ta tsawon. A tsawon Lines kullum rana da dare ne daidai. Wannan ekweita ya raba duniya kashi biyu hemispheres, ta Kudu da kuma ta Arewa. Sau biyu a shekara, a lokacin kaka da kuma bazara equinox, da rana ne a kan ta ne a Zenith. A vernal equinox da dama a kan Maris 20-21, da kuma a cikin fall - a 23 ga watan Satumba. A waɗannan kwanaki, rana ne kai tsaye sama, da kuma abubuwan da ba jefa inuwa.

Tsawon ekweita masana kimiyya lasafta bisa ga dabara 2πR, duk da cewa duniya ba siffar zobe a cikin siffar, da kuma kara a cikin nau'i na wani ellipse (Sphere, mĩƙe a zura sandunan). Duk da haka, da radius na duniya provisionally soma ga radius daga cikin Sphere. Land tsawon at ekweita ne mafi tsawo line encircling da Duniya. An ban sha'awa al'amari shi ne cewa shi crosses kasashe 14.

Idan muka matsa daga Greenwich Meridian zuwa gabas, ekweita crosses da jihohi, irin Sao Tome da Principe a cikin tekun Atlantic, sa'an nan Gabon, Congo, Kenya, Uganda da Somalia a Afirka. Motsi tare da tekun Indiya, shi ya wuce ta Maldives da Indonesia. A cikin Pacific, ekweita crosses tsibirin Kiribati da Baker, na ga Amurka, sa'an nan - Ekwado, Colombia da kuma Brazil, wadda ake located a kan ta Kudu Amurka nahiyar. Wadannan kasashe su ne mafi zafi a duniya.

A tsawon ekweita karo na farko lasafta zamanin d Girkanci masanin Eratosthenes, wanda ya ba kawai mai girma lissafi, geographer, mawãƙi, amma kuma wani falaki. By aunawa da lokaci a lokacin da rana ta haskoki isa kasa na da kyau, mai ilimin kimiyya ya iya yin lissafi da radius daga cikin duniya da kuma gano abin da tsawon ekweita. Wadannan lissafinta m, amma suna da yawa ba to nan gaba na masana kimiyya more daidai lissafi da tsawon kirkirarriyar line. Eratosthenes Kirensk aka haife shi a 276 BC kuma ya mutu a cikin 194 BC

Yana daya daga cikin mafi girma da masana kimiyya na tarihin duniya. Ya aka haife shi a Greek birni Bakurane, kuma III Euergetes yake lura da ɗakin karatu na Alexandria, bisa goron gayyatar sarki Talomi. Wannan babban malamin ya mutu a dalilin matsananciyar yunwa a mummunan talauci, amma gangara a tarihi a matsayin astute bincike tare da wani matsanancin tsarin kula da kimiyya. A tsawon ekweita ne daidai to 252 dubbai Eratosphen saukarwa, wanda shi ne 39 690 km. Mahaliccin ilmin lissafi da kuma ta jiki labarin kasa, Eratosthenes sanya babban binciken a yankunan da yawa. Mutumin zamani ne sosai wuya a fahimci yadda wani masanin kimiyya, ba tare da wani kida, ya lasafta abin da tsawon ekweita, tare da wani kuskure na kawai 386 kilomita.

Mutane da yawa da masana kimiyya da lissafi, Taurari kuma daga baya kuma yi kokarin yin lissafi da tsawon ekweita. Dutchman Snell a farkon XVII karni, samarwa yin lissafi wannan darajar ba tare da game da cikas ci karo. A cikin XVIII karni wannan lissafin tsanani da hannu masana kimiyya daga Faransa. Russia ma ba su bar baya da kuma sun gudummawar da kimiyya, wanda a yarda da mu domin sanin abin da ke da tsawon da ƙasa a ekweita. Darektan da Pulkovo Observatory V.Ya.Struve ciyar da ji da darajõji a cikin lokaci daga 1822 zuwa 1852 shekaru, da kuma a 1941 da Soviet masanin kimiyya da surveyor FN Krasovsky ya iya yin lissafi da tsawon nazarin sasannin ellipse daga wanda tare da zamani masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya, tun da shi ne a gane a matsayin nasa tarihin.