A tsarin da mutum leukocytes. Features na tsarin farin jini Kwayoyin

Jini ci gaba circulates a cikin jini jirgin ruwa tsarin. Ta yi aikin a cikin jiki yana da muhimmanci sosai ayyuka: numfashi, kai, aminci da iko, samar da wani m ciki yanayi na jiki.

Jini - shi ne daya daga cikin connective nama, wanda ya kunshi intercellular abu ruwa da ciwon rikitarwa abun da ke ciki. Yana hada jini da kuma Kwayoyin dakatar a cikinta, ko abin da ake kira da maikacin jini: leukocytes, erythrocytes da platelets. An sani cewa a 1 mm ³ na jini leukocytes ne daga 5 zuwa 8 dubu RBCs -. 4.5 zuwa miliyan 5, kuma platelets - daga 200 zuwa 400 da dubu.

The adadin jini a cikin jiki da lafiya mutum ne game da 4.5 zuwa 5 lita. 55-60% na girma shagaltar da ta jini, da kuma kafa abubuwa ne 40-45% na jimlar. A jini - a translucent yellowish ruwa, a cikin abin da akwai ruwa (90%), Organic da inorganic abubuwa, bitamin, amino acid, ba ji ba gani, metabolites.

A tsarin da farin jini Kwayoyin

Farin jini Kwayoyin - ne da maikacin jini, da wanda suke colorless cytoplasm. Su za a iya samu a jini jini da kuma Lymph. Kullum suna fari da maikacin jini, da suke da wata tsakiya, amma ba su da wani m siffar. Wannan shi ne tsarin fasali na farin jini Kwayoyin. Wadannan Kwayoyin suna kafa a cikin baƙin ciki, Lymph nodes, bargo. Features na tsarin farin jini Kwayoyin ƙayyade lokacin da suka rayuwa, shi ne 2 ga 4 days. Bayan haka, su hallaka a cikin baƙin ciki.

Farin jini Kwayoyin: sifa da aiki

Idan muka yi la'akari da aikin da morphological halaye na fari da maikacin jini, da shi za a iya ce cewa su ne na al'ada Kwayoyin dake dauke da wani tsakiya da kuma protoplasm. Su main aiki ne don kare jiki daga cutarwa dalilai. leukocyte tsarin damar da su zuwa hallaka waje kwayoyin da cewa an saka a cikin jiki, suna kuma tsunduma cikin daban-daban pathological tafiyar matakai ne sau da yawa sosai m da kuma daban-daban halayen (msl, kumburi dauki). Amma tsarin da mutum leukocyte bambancin. Wasu daga cikin su suna da wani granular tsarin protoplasm (granulocytes), a wasu bãbu wata ƙwãya (agranulocytes). Ka yi la'akari da wadannan iri farin jini Kwayoyin a more daki-daki.

A iri-iri na leukocytes

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da farin jini Kwayoyin ne daban-daban, da kuma suka za a iya raba a bayyanar, sifa da aiki. Wannan shi ne tsarin fasali na mutum leukocytes.

Saboda haka, koma zuwa granulocytes:

• basophils.
• neutrophils.
• eosinophils.

Agranulocytes wakilta da wadannan iri Kwayoyin:

• lymphocytes.
• monocytes.

basophils

Wannan ne kalla yawa cell irin a cikin jini na a kalla 1% na jimlar yawan farin jini Kwayoyin. Structure leukocytes (basophils da kuma musamman) da sauki. Su taso, da segmented ko soka core. A cytoplasm ƙunshi daban-daban da kuma siffar size granules ciwon duhu purple launi, bayyanar da suka yi kama da caviar. Wadannan granules ake kira basophilic stippling. Sun ƙunshi tsara kwayoyin, enzymes, sunadarai.

Basophils fãra a cikin bargo, Kwayoyin samu daga basophilic myeloblasts. Bayan cikakken balaga, suka tafi zuwa cikin jini, lokacin da suka zama ne ba fiye da kwanaki biyu. Bayan da Kwayoyin tafi a cikin tsokoki na jiki, amma abin da ya faru to, shi ne ba a sani ba zuwa gare su.

Bayan da shan kashi a kumburi halayen, basophils iya rage jini clotting kuma su shiga rayayye a lokacin hanya na anaphylactic buga.

neutrophils

Neutrophils a cikin jini ne har zuwa 70% na dukkan leukocytes. Su cytoplasm ƙunshi granules Violet-kasa-kasa da launi, da ciwon wani nau'i na lafiya hatsi, wanda za a iya canza launin tare da tsaka tsaki dyes dauki.

Neutrophils - farin jini Kwayoyin ne, tsarin da cell wanda shine sabon abu. Suna taso keya, amma da zuciyar ne kama da Wand ( "matasa" Kwayoyin) ko da 3-5 segments, wanda suna da alaka da bakin ciki strands (da more "balagagge" cell).

All neutrophils aka samar a cikin bargo daga myeloblasts neutrophil. Balagagge cell zaune kawai makonni 2, to, shi ne hallaka a cikin baƙin ciki ko hanta.

Neutrophil a cikin cytoplasm yana da har zuwa 250 iri granules. Su duk dauke da bactericides, enzymes, kullum kwayoyin da cewa taimaka neutrophil cika ta ayyuka. Su kare jiki ta hanyar phagocytosis (aiwatar a cikin abin da neutrophil dace da kwayoyin cuta ko virus, na kama shi motsa ciki da kuma tare da enzymes katsin da ke halaka da pathogenic wakili). Alal misali, daya cell neutrophil iya neutralize up to 7 germs. Haka kuma an da hannu a cikin kumburi tsari.

eosinophils

leukocyte tsarin kama da juna. Eosinophil ma yana da wani taso siffar da segmental ko sanda-dimbin yawa tsakiya. A cikin cytoplasm akwai manyan granules na wannan siffar da kuma size, haske orange launi, reminiscent na caviar. A abun da ke ciki ƙunshi sunadarai, phospholipids kuma enzymes.

Eosinophil kafa a cikin bargo na eosinophilic myeloblast. Akwai shi ne daga 8 zuwa 15 days, sa'an nan ke shiga tsokoki da suke a lamba tare da waje muhalli.

Eosinophil ma m fagozitozu, amma da sauran wurare (hanji, urinary fili, da numfashi fili mucous membranes). Ya kuma yana da yi tare da fitowan da kuma ci gaban rashin lafiyan halayen.

lymphocytes

Lymphocytes da taso siffar da daban-daban masu girma dabam, kazalika da manyan zagaye tsakiya. Sun bayyana a cikin bargo na lymphoblasts. Lymphocyte wuce na musamman maturing tsari, tun da wannan sanaa. Shi ne iya samar da duk iri-iri na rigakafi da martani, samar da kariya.

Lymphocytes, wanda karshe balaga a cikin thymus - a T-lymphocytes a cikin baƙin ciki ko Lymph nodes - wani B-lymphocytes. Tantanin farko shi ne karami. Tsakanin daban-daban na lymphocytes yana da wani rabo daga 80%: 20% bi da bi. All Kwayoyin rayuwa ga game da kwanaki 90.

Babban aiki - ne kariya daga wanda yana da za'ayi ta hanyar aiki hannu a cikin rigakafi halayen. T lymphocytes tsunduma phagocytosis da kuma rigakafi da halayen wanda ake kira ba takamaiman juriya (da duk pathogenic ƙwayoyin cuta, wadannan Kwayoyin suna da guda). Amma B Kwayoyin iya samar da antibodies (musamman kwayoyin) a kan aiwatar da lalata kwayoyin. Kowane kwayan jinsunan da suka nuna musamman abubuwa da za su iya halaka kawai wadannan cutarwa jamiái. B Kwayoyin samar da wani takamaiman juriya wanda aka directed yafi da kwayoyin cuta, amma ba ƙwayoyin cuta.

monocyte

A cikin cell, monocyte ba graininess. Wannan shi ne wani fairly manyan cell triangular siffar da ciwon manyan core, wanda zai iya zama wake-siffa, zagaye, sanda, ruwa da kuma wani segmented form.

Yana taso daga monocyte monoblasta a cikin bargo. A cikin jini, rayuwarsa Hasashen ne 48 ga 96 hours. Bayan haka, kashi na monocytes aka hallaka, da kuma sauran kashi ke da kyallen takarda inda "ore", da macrophages bayyana. Monocytes su ne mafi girma da maikacin jini da ciwon zagaye ko m tsakiya suranta cytoplasm blue tare da manyan yawan voids (vacuoles), cewa ba shi da wani foamy bayyanar.

Macrophages a cikin tsokoki na jiki zai iya rayuwa watanni da dama, inda suke yawo ko mazaunin sel (zauna a kan wannan site).

Monocyte iya samar da daban-daban tsara kwayoyin da enzymes cewa suna iya ci gaba da wani kumburi amsa, ko mataimakin versa, to birki da shi. Sun kuma taimaka bugun sama da waraka tsari. Inganta ci gaban da kashi da nama da kuma maido da jijiya zaruruwa. Macrophage a cikin nama m aiki. Yana damuarn da multiplication da ƙwayoyin cuta.

erythrocytes

Yanzu a cikin jini erythrocytes da leukocytes. Sifa da ayyuka daban-daban daga juna. A ja jini cell ne a cell cewa yana da siffar biconcave faifai. Yana ba ya dauke da zuciyar, da kuma mafi yawan cytoplasm bautarka mai gina jiki, da ake kira haemoglobin. Ya kunshi baƙin ƙarfe da kuma gina jiki part zarra, shi yana da wani hadadden tsarin. Haemoglobin daukawa oxygen zuwa ga jiki.

Red jini Kwayoyin bayyana a cikin bargo sel erythroblasts. Mafi yawa daga cikin ja jini Kwayoyin biconcave siffar, da kuma sauran su iya bambanta. Alal misali, suna iya zama mai siffar zobe, m, cije ni, da tasoshi, da dai sauransu D. An sani cewa siffar da Kwayoyin iya lalace saboda cututtuka daban-daban. Kowane ja jini cell samu a cikin jini daga 90 zuwa 120 kwanaki, sa'an nan ya mutu. Hemolysis - erythrocyte halaka sabon abu da ya auku da farko a cikin baƙin ciki da kuma hanta da jini.

platelets

A tsarin da leukocytes da platelets ne ma daban-daban. Platelets da babu tsakiya, da Kwayoyin suna da kananan zagaye ko m siffar. Idan wadannan Kwayoyin suna aiki, sa'an nan suka kafa outgrowths, sun kama wani star. Platelets faruwa a cikin bargo na megakaryoblasts. "Aiki" ne duk tsakanin 8 da kuma 11 days, sa'an nan kuma mutuwa a cikin hanta, saifa ko huhu.

Platelet aiki ne mai muhimmanci. Sun sami damar kula da mutuncin da jijiyoyin bugun gini bango, don mayar da shi a cikin hali na lalacewa. Platelets samar da wata thrombus kuma, da ita dakatar da zub da jini.