A tsarin da lysosomes da kuma rawar da suka taka a salon salula metabolism

A cell za a iya gani a matsayin ultramicroscopic rai tsarin, bai wa dukan siffofin muhimmi a cikin jiki. Salula abubuwa kira wasu gabbansa, yi da aiki na numfashi, haihuwa, kadaici, narkewa. Lysosomes - daya daga cikin iri na wasu gabbansa. Su odnomembrannym Tsarin da takamaiman ayyuka alaka da narkewa abubuwa da dukan cell abubuwa a cikin cytoplasm. A cikin wannan takarda mun yi nazarin tsarin lysosomes da kuma bayyana rawar da suka taka a cikin abincinsu na Kwayoyin.

Kamar yadda kafa wasu gabbansa

Wakiltar odnomembrannye vacuoles cika da narkewa kamar, (enzymes) lysosomes aka kafa a tankuna Golgi hadaddun da ake kira primary. A tashoshi da suka fita da na'ura a cell cytoplasm. Da zarar lalace lysosomes cytostructure fara zuwa sha ko karya saukar da kwayoyin halitta, suka sami sakandare sunan.

Wadannan wasu gabbansa suna cike da mafita daga enzymes iya tsakiyan nonon carbohydrate kwayoyin, glycolipids da kuma sunadarai. Wannan sakandare lysosomes dauke da irin wannan ilimin aiki abubuwa kamar proteases, lipases da sulfurylase. A internals na organelle yana da PH kasa da 7, tun sama enzymes masu aiki a wani acid yanayi. Wasu gabbansa ne iya endocytosis ko pinocytosis. Formation lysosomes dogara sun fi mayar a kan takamaiman sunadarai a wani cell kafa a kan tashoshin na granular endoplasmic reticulum.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na matrix tsarin da lysosomes

Ci gaba da karatu da halaye na lysosomes, la'akari daidai da abin da abubuwa samar da su ciki yanayi. Enzyme hadaddun ƙunshi mafi muhimmanci ne: phosphorylase (cleaves amino acid), glucosidase (ayyukan a kan glucose, cellulose, sitaci) da kuma lipase (kwayoyin tabbatar halaka fats, steroids).

Own organelle membrane ne resistant zuwa sama da aka ambata enzymes. A wasu lokuta, ya zama mai saukin kamuwa zuwa ga mataki, wadda take kaiwa zuwa autolysis - kai-rushe da membrane, don haka da cewa m abubuwa matrix zuba a cikin cell cytoplasm. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa ta kai-narkewa.

organelle aiki

Abin da aka sani da yadda muhimmanci matakai a rayuwa halayen inganta zubar da sharar gida kayan ko guda na salon salula Tsarin, kamar haihuwa mitochondria, ribosomes. High enzymatic aiki na da wasu gabbansa gani a cikin wadanda Kwayoyin, kira phagocytic. Yana yana Sama da kowa da tsarin da na rigakafi da tsarin: basophils, macrophages, neutrophils, B lymphocytes. Primary lysosomes a cikin wadanda Kwayoyin isasshe manyan (har zuwa 0.5 microns). Sun ƙunshi enzymes kamar ribonuclease, protease, DNase. Irin wannan tsarin aka bayyana kamar haka: Kwayoyin iya phagocytosis, cleaved farko kwayoyin da cutar barbashi dauke da sunadarai da ribonucleic acid.

Abin sha'awa inji cewa samar da proteolytic aiki da wasu gabbansa. Harkokin waje barbashi ko kwayoyin suna da farko makale vacuole. Tare da shi shigar da primary lysosome, wanda ta saki hydrolytic enzymes. Yanzu wannan organelle kira da lysosome sakandare ya fara rayayye Digest samu ta matrix abu. A tsakiyan nonon kayayyakin kara yaxuwa a cikin Kwayoyin hyaloplasm da undigested saura adana a cikin wasu gabbansa, wanda a yanzu ake kira da saura Kwayoyin. A bisa tsarin da lysosomes na daban-daban irin da ya bayyana da babban ayyuka na wadannan salon salula Tsarin.

Rawar da wasu gabbansa a rayuwa halayen na jikin mutum

Idan enzymes a cikin lysosomes samar da isasshen, akwai kasawa da su, wadda take kaiwa zuwa tsanani hereditary cututtuka, kamar metachromatic leukodystrophy. A tsarin da lysosomes a cikin wannan Pathology abnormally. A cikin matrix suna ɓacewa ko ne a wani m jihar sulfatase - lazimta a kansu enzymes cerebrosides. Kamar yadda kayayyakin na metabolism a cikin sel na cikin juyayi nama, su dole ne a zubar da, amma rashin dace enzymes take kaiwa zuwa jari na wadannan mahadi a cikin neuroglia da hyaloplasm neurocytes. Wannan sa yawan guba a cikin m nama da siffofin da kwakwalwa da kuma laka. A sakamakon - da ci gaban na jiki da hankulansu munanan retardation.

Saboda haka, odnomembrannye organelle da alhakin narkewa daga abubuwa, wasa da wani sosai muhimmiyar rawa a cell metabolism. A wannan aiki da muka yi nazari da tsarin lysosomes, mun samu matsayin su da kuma darajar a cell aiki da kuma dukan jikin mutum a matsayin dukan.