A tarihin Peterhof daga zamanin Bitrus I zuwa yanzu

Daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki da kuma kyau Turai manyan gidãje dake kusa da St. Petersburg da kuma aka sani a karkashin sunan Peterhof. Tarihi a takaice ya bayyana halittar wannan ban mamaki wuri. Kuma za mu yi kokarin da sauri tafi, ta hanyar da mafi muhimmanci matakai na rayuwa na Peterhof.

mai kyau wuri

Da labari cewa, wurin da wannan birni ya zaɓi kansa Peter I. A 1705 a kananan jirgin ruwan "Munker" makale zuwa Gulf of Finland, 40 km daga ake gina a St. Petersburg. Saboda haka shi ne sauƙin gani sararin sama na Baltic Sea da kuma sararin tsibirin, inda a wancan lokaci aka gina wani karaya sansanin soja - Kronshlot. A 1708 ya zo na farko ambaci gidan gona gina a kan Popovski katako fadar Bitrus I, wanda ya kira Sarkin "horomtsy". Haka abin ya fara a tarihin Peterhof.

The aikin gaban wurin zama

A 1710, na farko matakai don canza zuwa wani alatu horomtsev Peterhof fadar hadaddun da aka dauka. Tarihi ya gaya mana cewa Bitrus I bayan ya yi nasara a kan Sweden sanya tafiya zuwa Faransa. Akwai ya yi karatu da layout m Faransa sarauta muhallinsu - Choisy, Trianon, Versailles. Musamman da hankali da aka biya don daban-daban fasaha mafita da kuma inji sassa na wuraren shakatawa da marẽmari.

A 1716, sai sarki ya yi umurni daga Faransa ta shahara m Aleksandra Leblona, nada shi general m na nan gaba na Peterhof. Mutane da yawa daga cikin ra'ayoyin aiwatuwa a cikin rãyuwar Italian gine-ginen - Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, Nikolo Miketti, master na marẽmari - da Venetians Giuliano da Giovanni Barattini.

A farko samu

Aiki a kan gina Peterhof suke tare da m gudun, kuma a watan Agusta 1725 gudanar da grand bude. By wannan lokaci shi yayi aiki mafi marẽmari shi aka haƙa Sea Canal da kuma dage farawa daga wurin shakatawa, kuma gina kananan manyan gidãje - Marly da Monplaisir.

Karimci, ya tsarkaka yi na farko layout da da Peterhof M. G. Zemtsovu - sanannen Rasha m. Kafin haka, a kan-site akwai wani wuraren ga manoma da suke gina ta. Godiya ga hujjõji layout na Peterhof karbi biyu ƙarin lokuta - jihar manoma da aka gina artisan gidaje ga kotun - Cavaliers.

Lapidary Works, kafa a 1725, shi ne na farko da masana'antu makaman, wanda ya karbi Peterhof. A tarihin ta asalin aka nasaba, tare da gina gine-gine da wannan fitacciyar. Babban aikin da ma'aikata da aka karža wani dutse, wadda aka yi amfani da su gina manyan gidãje da kuma gine-gine gine-gine na gaba birni. A wannan lokaci mun riga ya fara aiki a kan gina ruwa bututun, wanda ya zuwa ciyad da Peterhof marẽmari. A tarihin wannan iko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin ya fara a cikin kogin gado Ropsha. Yana da aka ta ruwa da samar da ruwa ga dukan maɓuɓɓugai da kuma wurin shakatawa gungu mai suna Peterhof.

A tarihin na fada a cikin XVII-XVIII ƙarni.

A zamanin mulkin Catherine na da Anny Ioannovny a Peterhof saka a cikin yi ra'ayoyi da kuma gine-gine da inganta Bitrus I. Lokacin da ya hau gadon sarautar Elizaveta Petrovna, ta gayyaci dan sanannen Carlo Rastrelli, wanda ya riga ya tabbatar da kansa a m m. Francesco Rastrelli ya jagoranci aikin a kan maimaitawa Peterhof. Lokacin da shi ya tuba benen, Upper ado lambu. Har ila yau, sabon Elizabethan gini da aka gina, wanda aka organically shiga riga landscaped Peterhof.

Tarihi ne shiru game da wani m canje-canje a zamanin Catherine II. All canje a wannan lokaci da aka iyakance zuwa canje-canje a cikin ciki ado na manyan gidãje da renaming da Elizabethan jiki a Catherine.

By lokacin Accession zuwa kursiyin na Paul na, gine-gine da Tsarin Peterhof a gaggawa bukatar manyan gyare-gyare, da kuma cascades na marẽmari kusan babu sakamako. Sai da na ɗauki shekaru na sake gina dukan taro na fadar hadaddun. A ikon yinsa na aikin ya kasance haka mai girma cewa karshe maido da Peterhof ya kasance a farkon na XIX karni, a lokacin da kursiyin zauna dan Paul na - Alexander I.

Peterhof a cikin XIX karni

By farkon karni a Peterhof unguwar mazaunan da hamsin gidaje da kuma da dama wadanda ba na zama gine-gine - stables, zubarwa, kuma mafi. Alexander Na umurce su da su sake gina mafi mummuna gine-gine. Ayyukan for sabon gine-gine da aka tsara V. P. Stasovym da sauransu. Sāke ginin aiki a matsayin barikin ga 'yan sojan doki regiments.

Lokacin da Nicholas I Peterhof yanki da aka fadada ta hanyar sayan ƙasar zuwa gabas da Lower Park. Tun 1826 Peterhof tsarin complemented biyu-storey gida, wanda mallakar matar Nicholas I - Alexandra Fyodorovna. Daga baya Farm aka gina gidan sarauta, kuma wuri mai faɗi shakatawa.

A Accession na Alexander II da aka alama ta bude daga cikin jirgin, wanda aka haɗa Petersburg da kuma Peterhof. A tarihin fadar hadaddun har 1917 - wani m rayuwa na m Ladies da Gentlemen, 'yan gidan sarauta da kuma manya a St. Petersburg.

Peterhof a XX karni

Bayan juyin juya hali, da dukan gidan sarauta, kuma wurin shakatawa gungu aka nationalized. A 1918, na farko yawon shakatawa ya faru a kan aiki na manyan dakunan. Amma da cikakken sabuntawa na halaka gungu da aka gudanar domin game da shekaru 10. By 1926, da marẽmari aka kerata ƙananan shakatawa, da kuma ta 1930 da sauyawa daga bututun da kuma mayar da marmaro overgrown Upper Aljanna.

The Great Patriotic War bai kare Peterhof. Mafi yawa daga cikin farfado da aka lalata ko sata, da kuma gine-gine ginen sun zama tsibin juji. Bayan da kwato Peterhof a shekarar 1944, nan da nan ya fara gyara aikin, wanda dade game da shekaru 30. Kawai a shekarar 1973, da gidan sarki, da shakatawa hadaddun aka mayar da su asalin bayyanar, kuma tun sa'an nan Peterhof bai samu gaji ya yi nasara a kan zukãtan biyu Russia da kuma kasashen waje yawon bude ido.