A tarihin Brazil: ban sha'awa facts da key events

A tarihin Brazil ne mai matukar ban sha'awa filin don gano. A wannan babbar kudancin Amirka, ƙasar ga mutane da yawa ƙarni, a iri-iri na gauraye da al'adunsu. Saboda haka, yana da ban sha'awa da kuma cike da wani iri-iri facts tarihi na Brazil. A takaice game da shi za a tattauna a wannan mujalla.

Brazil kafin samu da Turawa

A tarihin Brazil kafin bude ta Turawa karatu ba kamar yadda mai kyau a matsayin mu dã son. Kasar sanaki daban-daban India kabilu: ciwo, idodi, guazhazhara, Mundurucu, Tupi, da dai sauransu Sun m sun m nomadic da kuma Semi-nomadic tattalin arzikin .. Ko da yake akwai noma amfanin gona, misali, a kan Marajó Island.

Kuma bã ya da da India kabilu na Brazil a cikin pre-tsara lokacin mulkin mallaka ba ma kusa da matakin da halittar nasu jihar.

A zuwa na Turawa a Brazil

Halin canza tarihin Brazil, bayan bude ta Turai. Da farko ya buɗe kasar zuwa Old World Fe Portuguese Pedro Alvares Cabral, kai da bakin tekun na zamani Brazil a 1500. Wadannan yankunan Cabral kira Duniya Vera Cruz (True Cross), amma a 'yan shekarun baya an sake masa suna cikin Land of Santa Cruz (Holy Cross). Daga baya ya samu da sunan "Brazil", bisa ga sunan daya daga cikin itatuwan da girma a nan. Bugu da kari, da discoverer na sabon ƙasashe dogara ne a kan wani karamin Fort - Santa Seger, wanda fassara a matsayin wani hadari Haven.

Domin wannan matafiyi ya Brazil kai wasu Turai expeditions. Mafi sau da yawa wannan kasa ya fara ziyarci Portuguese, ya gane da abin arziki, tana da ikon da za su iya kawo cikin Portuguese kambi. Bugu da kari, wadannan kasashe suka dauke da Portuguese rabo na duniya a 1494 tsakanin Portugal da Spain.

mulkin mallaka Brazil

Amma m Baƙi daga Portugal a Brazil ya fara zauna kawai a 1530. San Vicente aka kafa (1532) da kuma Salvador (1549). A karshen zama administrative cibiyar na mallaka.

Brazil zai zama cibiyar samar da rake. Mun noma wannan amfanin gona, yafi a manyan yawa shigo daga Afirka baki bayi.

A farkon rabin karni na XVII da Portuguese da suke zaune a Brazil, ya yãƙi mai wuya yaƙi da Dutch, wanda kuma yi iƙirarin zama wani ɓangare na wadannan yankuna. Bugu da kari, da Portuguese mallaka ya kumbura da karkararta m.

daular

Bayan da sojojin na Faransa Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon shagaltar da yankin Portugal, da Portuguese Korol Zhuan VI suka haye tare da kotun don Brazil, inda ya sanya gidansa a Rio de Janeiro. Yadda yana da Brazil, ya bai je wannan mataki - shi ne ba a sani ba, amma abu daya ne bayyananne: shi ne farkon wani sabon lokaci na tarihi, a lõkacin da ta daina zama mallaka.

Ya kamata a lura cewa, ko da bayan an zabe Napoleon Joao VI ba ya so ya dawo daga Brazil zuwa Lisbon. Ya yi haka ne kawai a 1821, a karkashin matsin lamba daga cikin Portuguese aristocratic da'irori. A Brazil, ya bar dansa Pedro a matsayi na Halĩfa. Amma lokacin da Portuguese majalisar kokarin hallakar da mulkin kai na kasar Brazil, Pedro ki yi biyayya da kuma shelar da kansa sarki. Daga wannan lokacin zai fara kidaya tarihi na Brazil jihar.

A lokacin da a 1826 da Portuguese Korol Zhuan VI uba na Brazil Sarkin sarakuna Pedro na mutu, dan ki zama monarch na Portugal, kuma bar gadon sarautar kasar domin kadan 'yar. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, da ɗan'uwansa Miguel hambarar yar dangi. Saboda haka, Pedro na abdicated Brazil kursiyin a cikin ni'imar da ya jariri Pedro II, da kuma shi kansa ya tafi Portugal kira ga daukar nauyin.

A karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Pedro II na Brazil ya zama mai karfi da iko, da iya tsananta halin da suke ciki a nahiyar. A lokacin Empire akwai wani reorientation na masana'antu specialization daga cikin kasar tare da namo rake a cikin namo kofi. Bauta aka ƙara fice zuwa bango har a karshe aka dakatar a 1888.

kafa a jamhuriyar

Duk da haka, duk da gwamnatin ta samu nasarori, da tarihi na Brazil aka zarar canja da cika fuska. A kasar aka ƙara girma karfi Republican sojojin. A 1889, Sarkin sarakuna Pedro II aka hambarar a wani zubar da jini ba juyin mulki. Brazil ta zama tarayyar.

A lokaci daga 1889 zuwa 1930 da ake kira Old Jamhuriyar. A wannan lokaci a kasar nan akwai wani jerin tarurrukan boren, musamman tawaye a Navy (1893-1894 gg.) Kuma canudos tawaye (1896-1897 gg.). A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Brazil hukumance yi a gefe na Entente, amma shi ne mai real taimako ya kadan.

A zamanin dictatorships

A 1930, The Old Jamhuriyar an kusan shafe ta a sakamakon juyin mulkin zo iko na siyasa da karfi karkashin jagorancin Getulio Vargas. A farko, hukumar Vargas ya soma jerin m dokokin, ciki har da kundin tsarin mulki, kazalika da mata da aka ba da 'yancin kada kuri'a. Amma da gwamnatin nan da nan ya zama reactionary da farkisanci dabiu samu. Vargas fara bi da dakarun 'yan adawa, da kuma a 1937, ya ayyana dokar ta baci, narkar da Congress da kuma kafa wata a zahiri shine mulkin kama karya.

Duk da cewa da Vargas tsarin mulki a irin kama da Nazi a lokacin yakin duniya na II, ya shiga a cikin zanga-Hitler kawance da Brazil aika sojoji zuwa gaban.

Bayan da yaki, Vargas aka tilasta ƙi. A jamhuriya ta biyu da aka kafa, a cikin abin da shugaba ya tsohon ministan tsaro, a karkashin Vargas Eurico Gaspar Dutra. Har ila yau, wani sabon tsarin mulkin da aka soma. A shekarar 1951, Vargas zo iko sake, yanzu a matsayin shugaban wani Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar, amma a shekarar 1954 a karkashin m yanayi, ya kashe kansa.

A gaba shugaba Zhuselinu Kubichek koma cikin babban birnin kasar zuwa wani musamman gina don wannan dalili, da gari - Brazil.

A shekarar 1964, wani juyin mulkin soja, a lokacin da darajoji daga cikin sojojin da ya kwace mulki a kasar. Wannan amincewa da siyasar gwamnati ta dade har shekarar 1985.

A zamani mataki

Amma a cikin tsakiyar 80s, ya bayyana cewa ba zai iya ci gaba yadda ya kamata a cikin zamani duniya a lokaci guda, Brazil. A tarihin kasar canza sake a shekarar 1985, lokacin da soja matsa lamba na mutane aka tilasta cede iko. Democratic zaben da aka gudanar, a lokacin da masu za ~ e, a matsayin shugaban Tancredo de Almeida Nevis, nan da nan ya mutu. Da aikinsu ya fara yi, mataimakin shugaban kasar Jose Sarney. A sabon tsarin mulki da aka soma a shekara ta 1988.

A shekarar 1989, na farko tun shekarar 1960 babban za ~ en na shugaban kasa. Sun lashe zaben da Fernando Collor. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru biyu ya aka tuhuma da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma tsige shi. Irin wannan ãƙibar riga a 2016. Shugaba Dilma Rousseff. Ta gaje shi Michelle Mai ƙidayar lokaci.

A halin yanzu, Brazil ne daya daga cikin tattalin arziki ya fi sauri girma kasashe a duniya. Bugu da kari, shi yana daga cikin biyar mafi girma mafi populated kasashen a duniya.

ban sha'awa facts

Mun koyi yadda za a ci gaba a kan ƙarni a Brazil. Historical facts iya zama ba kawai umarni, amma kuma ban sha'awa. A wasu daga cikinsu za mu yi magana a yau.

A zamani babban birnin kasar na Brasilia da aka halitta a shekarar 1960 bisa ga shirin m Oscar Nimeiri. Shi ne daya daga ƙarami babban birnin kasar birane a duniya. Brazil - da na uku daya da babban birnin kasar na Brazil , bayan Salvador da kuma Rio de Janeiro.

A mafi mafi girma a birnin a Brazil ne Sao Paulo, wanda ya taba matsayi na babban birnin kasar.

Genetically mafi zamani Brazil a namiji line ne zuriyar Portuguese, da kuma masu juna biyu - wakilan gida India kabilu.

A Rio de Janeiro, kasar alama ce tari - Statue na Kristi a Brazil. Labarin da wannan 38-mita-high abin tunawa fara a 1922. Yana nan fara ta yi, da kuma lokaci ya bikin na centenary na kasar 'yancin kai. Construction da aka kammala a shekarar 1931. Yanzu da mutum-mutumi da aka gane a matsayin daya daga cikin na zamani Bakwai abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya.