A ɓangaren da na Nizhny Novgorod. Distance zuwa Moscow Lower Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod - wani sosai asali birni, tare da kansa musamman na musamman hanya ta rayuwa, duk da haka, shi ne a hanyoyi da yawa kama da sauran manyan Volga birni. Duk da haka dai, shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda cewa girman kansu a Rasha.

Nizhny Novgorod: location, matsayi

A birni ne dake a Turai na kasar, inda da Oka da Volga ci. Shi ne administrative cibiyar na Nizhny Novgorod yankin, babban birnin kasar da Volga Tarayya District. Daga 1932 zuwa 1990, aka sani da Gorky. Population -. 1280 mutane dubu (kamar yadda 2009 data, ranked 5th a Rasha Federation). The most masana'antu, sufuri, kimiyya da al'adu na tsakiya na kasar.

A ɓangaren da na Nizhny Novgorod

Waɗanda suka yi sha'awar yadda za a samu Nizhny Novgorod a kan taswira na Rasha, ya kamata ka san cewa birnin ne ayi a ranar biyu bankuna na da Oka River. A kogin ya raba shi a cikin sassa. Ta bakin ne na lissafi cibiyar na gabashin Turai Bayyana. A wannan latitud matsayin Nizhny Novgorod ne garuruwa kamar Bratsk, Sergiev Posad, Krasnoyarsk, Ekaterinburg, Rzhev. Garuruwa na kusa ne: Bogorodsk, Dzerzhinsk, Bor, Kstovo. Lower yanki na 410 sq. m. A dama banki na Oka yada Dyatlova shahara duwãtsu. Daya daga cikin sassa na birnin, located a dama banki, da ake kira Huɗuba. Tsayinsa saman teku matakin - 100-200 m tsawo a kan hagu banki -. Zarechny - 70-80 m, shi ne mafi m.

Nizhny Novgorod ne da gaskiya da ake kira "birni na tabkuna da koguna." Bugu da kari ga Volga da Oka da karkararta aka tsallaka da dozin kõguna da kananan koguna. A birnin akwai har zuwa talatin tabkuna, da most of wanda shi ne Mesherskoye (Kanavinsky gundumar). Moscow lokacin da ake amfani da nan. Duk da birnin zone: UTC + 3 a lokacin rani: UTC + 4. Lower bugun kira code: +7 831 Car: 52-152

Tarihi: The kafuwar birnin

Taken: "The ɓangaren da na Nizhny Novgorod" ne inextricably nasaba da tambaya na tarihi baya. Kwanan wata na gari - a 1221. Its kafa - Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. Saboda da wuri da nisa da tushe na birnin Novgorod Mai girma da aka mai suna Nizhny Novgorod. Da farko, ya kasance mai karfi da nufi da tsaro na Vladimir sarauta daga maƙiyi harin.

A 1341, ya zama babban birnin na Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod sarauta. Nizhny Novgorod a kan taswira na Rasha a wani tarihi atalas, nuna da kan iyakoki na Rasha ƙasashe daga waɗanda sau, ta rufe wani yanki tsakanin River. Sura a gabas, kudu maso gabashin da kuma kudu - p. Bugu da p. Sergei. A gefen yamma shi da na halitta da iyaka Oka. A arewacin iyaka da sarauta sun Kerzhenets kogin, da kuma Vetluga Unzha. Ragowar birãnensu, outposts (bauta masa kariya na kan iyakoki na sarauta) da kuma yanzu da akwai da za a duba da yawon bude ido.

A cikin karni na sha biyar, a ƙasar karkashin shugabancin tsakiya tsakanin Rasha, Nizhny Novgorod aka annexed zuwa Moscow sarauta. Muhimmancin cikin birnin kamar yadda mai tsaro outpost gabashin kan iyakar na Moscow sarauta, babba ne. A cikin shirye-shiryen da kamfen a Lower a lokacin da za a tara runduna. Domin a karfafa tsaron ikon wani katako Kremlin da aka gina. A wurin da aka gina da dutse, wanda ya zama wata alama Nizhny Novgorod.

"Lokaci na matsaloli"

Wannan lokaci ne dauke da wani muhimmin abin tunawa a tarihin babban birnin, da kuma yin your canje-canje a cikin yanki na Nizhny Novgorod. A Lokaci na matsaloli a tsakiyar Nizhny Novgorod mayakan aka shirya, gangarawa Nizhny Novgorod Kuzma Minin da Dmitry Pozharsky. Saboda mayakan Moscow aka sami 'yanci daga Yaren mutanen Poland invaders, wanda kwace babban birnin kasar.

A 17th karni, an alama ta wani coci sãɓãni kawai sabõda, kusa Nizhny Novgorod, a kan bankunan na kogin, da kuma wasu zaunar Kerzhenets Conservatives. A Nizhny Novgorod yankin da aka haife shahararren coci shugabannin da cewa zamanin - sarki Nikon da Avvakum, wanda ya dauki tsaga na wurare mabambanta.

A 1719, a lokacin da canji na Bitrus I, Nizhny Novgorod ya samu matsayi na lardin birni.

XIX karni: da saurin ci gaban tattalin arziki da cinikayya

The m ɓangaren da na Nizhny Novgorod shi ne dalilin da cewa a cikin XIX karni shi zai fara wani m cin gaban tattalin arziki da cinikayya. An hade da gaskiyar cewa a wannan lokaci na Makarios a Nizhny Novgorod sha wahala babbar yawa a cikin shahararrun adalci. Tun daga nan, ya zama birnin da aka sani da "Rasha ta aljihu." A kauyuka, da alaƙa zuwa Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavino da Sormovo, wanda daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na birnin, da aiki ci gaban masana'antu ya samu. A cikin karni na 19th (shekaru 60) na Railway da aka gudanar a nan. A 1896 ya bayyana farko mota.

Active ci gaban da tattalin arzikin da aka nuna a cikin yawan gefuna da yawan jama'a. Yawan mazauna Nizhny Novgorod ya ƙara muhimmanci tun farkon karni na 19th (14 dubu.) Don 1913 (111 dubu.).

m

Soviet ikon lardin aka soke. A garin cibiyar aka canza kama zuwa Nizhegorodschiny. A 1932, da Nizhny Novgorod a daraja daga cikin shahararrun marubuci-countryman M. Gorky samu sunansa. A lokaci guda shi ya fara ta aikin Gaz mota shuka, wanda shi ne yanzu a birnin mafi girma a kamfanoni. A cikin 30s na karni na 20th masana'antu a tasowa musamman hanzari. By 1941 (farkon mai girma Patriotic War), Gorky zama mafi girma a masana'antu cibiyar na Tarayyar Soviet. By ƙarshen 30 ta cikin birni ta yawan ya karu zuwa 643 dubu. Mutane.

yaki

A lokacin yakin a Gorky samar da wata babbar yawa na harsasai da kuma kayan aikin soji. Shahararren Gaz ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girma tsaro masana'antu da wuraren.

A cikin shekaru bayan da yaki, Gorky da aka ɓullo da matsayin kimiyya, masana'antu, al'adu da sufuri cibiyar.

ƙananan yau

A farkon 90 ta cikin birni ta yawan kai 1.435.000 mutane. (4 th wuri a cikin Rasha Federation). A shekarar 1990, Nizhny Novgorod tarihi sunan da aka mayar da su. Wannan shi ne farkon sabuwar lokaci na tarihi.

Yau, Nizhny Novgorod ne mai babbar cibiyar masana'antu, bayanai da fasaha, ilimi da kimiyya. A birnin janyo hankalin masu yawa yawon bude ido domin ta al'adu, tarihi da kuma gine-gine da Monuments. By da hukuncin UNESCO, Nizhny Novgorod shiga cikin m jerin ɗari da birane a duniya tare da babban tarihi da kuma al'adu darajar.

Gudanarwa division

Oka Nizhny Novgorod raba zuwa 2 sassa. Hukumance aka kira su Nagorno Zarechnoye da administrative gundumomi. Modern administrative tsarin a Nizhny Novgorod karshe an kafa a shekarar 1970. Yau birnin ne zuwa kashi 8 gundumomi. Duwatsu District kunshi fannoni uku: Soviet, Nizhny Novgorod da Prioksky. A Zarechny hada Sormovskiy, Kanavinsky, Leninsky, Avtozavodskaya da kuma Moscow yankin.

Nizhny Novgorod, zuwa kashi biyu Oka, yana da sauran gargajiya lakabi. Yana kunshi sassa biyu, bisa ga mazaunan - da "babba" (aka - "birni") da kuma "kasa". Saboda haka a cikin Nizhny Novgorod harshen da ake kira biyu birni tudu.

A tsarin da wadannan yankunan hada da goma sha uku ƙauyuka: kusa da kauyen na Konstantinovo, Beshentsevo, Kuznechikha, Mordvintseva, Lyakhov, Olgino, New, Novopokrovskiy, refurbish (Sloboda). ƙauyuka: Ray Birch kuma floodplain, "kewayen birni" (Uchkhoz), Green City (hutu kauyen).

The most na yankunan ne Avtozavodskii kuma mafi karami a size, kuma mafi densely lugar cikinsa - Leninsky yankin.

cibiyar

A hankula wakilin gundumar ne Nizhny Novgorod yankin. Kusan daukacin yankin na gundumar ne birni ta tarihi cibiyar. Nizhniy Novgorod iya zama alfahari da ta jan hankali. Daga cikin su akwai wasu da cewa cancanci na musamman da hankali.

An dade da cibiyar (Nizhny Novgorod liyãfa kiran baƙi a nan) kunshi dama sassa:

• Kremlin (located a kan Dutsen All).
• Posad babba (kudu dab da Kremlin).
• Lower Posad (located a kan bankunan na Oka da Volga kõguna).
• Zapochaine (m babba Posada Pochaina bakin kogin).
• Scallop (a kan Yarilin dutsen).
• New Construction (Kudancin Great-Burg).
• Sloboda: Panskaya, Gaske Shelar, Soja, Akulinina.

Musamman rare daga yawon bude ido da fari, da Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, sanye take da yawa watchtowers. Da karkararta ne Mika'ilu Shugaban Mala'iku Cathedral, gina a cikin tsakiyar 16th karni. Jamhuriyar square - sq. Minin da Pozharsky - daukan Dmitrovskaya hasumiya, "main ƙofar" ga Kremlin. Nan Kusa titi fara. Pokrovskaya, shi ne fi so tafiya wuri ga baƙi da kuma mazauna Nizhny Novgorod kansu.

A tsakiyar titunan Nizhny Novgorod yankin, yankin na Minin, Pokrovskaya, embankment Fyodorovsky da Upper Volga ba kawai faranta wa ido, amma ba za su iya gaya mai yawa game da tarihin birnin. Known cikin Rasha Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, Chkalov bene, Comedy gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Opera da kuma rawa Theatre, Drama wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai ɓangare na jan hankali kullum janyo hankalin da yawa yawon bude ido.

Nizhny Novgorod yankin - babban site domin gina alatu gidaje. Kudos zuwa yankin da kuma ta high kudin ne dalilin da cewa kudin da gidaje a nan ne har zuwa 130 dubu. Rub. da murabba'in mita. Wannan shi ne mafi girma fiye da talakawan farashin a cikin birni kusan ninki biyu. A mafi tsada gidaje ne a cikin tarihi cibiyar. An musamman yaba a cikin Upper Volga embankment: daga windows ta gidan yayi wani m view na Volga. A fannin akwai gine-gine sanye take da fasaha sadarwa management system, e-izinin tsarin, video kula, penthouses, sauyin yanayi iko, da sauransu.

A kan tituna, a little more m daga cibiyar, za ka iya samun ingancin amma mafi araha gidaje. Price da murabba'in mita a wasu jama'a gidaje yanki - daga 38 000 rubles.

Sormovo

Building daga cikin ƙananan ɓangare na birnin ya faru daga baya. All yankunan bayyana a nan da kuma sāke gina a kusa da masana'antu cibiyoyin - masana'antu. Ƙananan part - shi ne mai ban mamaki a "aiki" Nizhny Novgorod. Sormovo gundumar, domin ta shahara aiki dauloli, da sauransu, na kunshe a cikin Gudanarwa gundumar Zarechny, aka tsara da kuma gina up don tabbatar da santsi aiki na Enterprises. Mazauna cikin yankin sanya samuwa duk dole amfanin: gidaje da kuma garejin hadin, bude sashe Stores, iyo kududdufai, da dai sauransu da aka shirya a kan ..

Da mazan tsara, ainihin mazauna cikin Sormovo gundumar, da ake kira sormovchane wanda rayuwarsa tun yana saurayi, da kuma furfura ba aiki a Enterprises, tuna cewa kowane safe farka factory yanki da kira, da kuma mafi kiwo da shuke-shuke fara je aiki.

Akwai sau lokacin da minimizing da bukatar yawan ƙungiyoyi tsakanin yankuna, ciki har da tsakanin daura gaba da koguna. Yau da janar motorization tabbatar da wani m motsi na mutum gudana daga babba sashe na ƙananan kuma mataimakin versa.

Sormovo gundumar zama wani ɓangare na Nizhny Novgorod a 1928. Kafin wannan, ya bi da Balakhninskye yankin, a Bugu da kari, ga wasu lokaci zauna a matsayi na wani m birnin. Cibiyar yanki ne Shipbuilding giant - da factory "Red Sormovo". Shi ne mafi girma kamfanin a Rasha, wanda ya fitar submarines, girma dako, kuma a lokacin yaki - tankuna.

A Sormovo ne: shakatawa da dakin karatu, a cinema, shopping cibiyoyin, mai kyau kai ta Amurka. A siffa daga yankin ne cewa gaba ga m storefronts da kuma gine-gine tare da zamani shopping cibiyoyin a nan da nan unguwa ne biyu-storey katako, "ma'aikata 'barikin na 19th karni. Ainihin Tsarin ne 5- da 9-storey gine-gine gina a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th. Yankin ne musamman m damar sayan wani gidan, wanda shi ne mafi araha a cikin birnin.

A cewar manazarta, titunan Nizhny Novgorod, inda a can ne gidan tare da mafi m Apartments (daga 28 000 goga. Per sq. M), da ake samu a Sormovo. Wannan st. Planetary da Dubravnaya. Amma ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa su ne a kan sosai wajen birnin na. Masauki a nan shi ne kyawawan matalauta quality. Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da cewa unguwa kewaye da railway. Magance nan, za ka bukatar kowace safiya su tsaya a wuraren da cunkoso a kan crossings.

Moscow yanki

A wajen arewa ta Sormovo gundumar, a kudu - da Kanavinskaya iyaka Moscow yankin. Nizhny Novgorod ne gaskiya alfahari da ta daraja jaruntakar tarihi. Babu kasa mai daraja da kuma muhimmiyar rawa a fannin taka a cikin rayuwa ta zamani na birnin.

Shiga abun da ke ciki na kauye Birch floodplain karfi elongated daga yamma zuwa gabas da gundumar kan iyakoki. A arewa maso gabashin karkararta aka kẽwayesu da River Volga. Yawan mazauna nan - fiye da 12 da mutane dubu (kamar yadda 2012) .. Square yanki ne 3 kadada, yawan yawa :. 1 ha - game da mutane 46. The sunan gundumar samu daga Moscow hanya, titi, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin tarayya karauka.

A peculiarity na Moscow yankin ne mai muhimmanci maida hankali wanda bai yankẽwa aikin kimiyya da masana'antu da kamfanonin da cewa samar da kayan aiki ga submarines, da jirgin sama, da dai sauransu. Yana shuka: Mechanical Engineering, sufurin jiragen sama ( "Falcon"), a manyan Rasha kungiyar na zane na makamashin nukiliya injiniya - OKBM .. Afrikantov da sauransu. Akwai shirya ma'aikatan wadannan kamfanonin, kazalika da waɗanda suka bukatar araha gidaje a wani fairly m yanki da ci gaba da kayayyakin aiki.

Domin nisha a Moscow yankin akwai hutu shakatawa, da filin wasan "Flight" zoo "Limpopo", da most a cikin birnin, wanda janyo hankalin iyalai da yara.

Masauki nan da aka wakilta, a duk ta bambancin, amma har yanzu mamaye ta shahara Khrushchev. New gidaje ana gina shi ne ba musamman aiki. A kudin gidaje a yankin - daga 38 dubu rubles.

A fannin raya cinikayya, ayyukan more rayuwa da sufuri, da al'adu da kuma ilimi.

titi sunayen

A titunan Nizhny Novgorod a yawan lakabi adana tarihi memory. Alal misali, sunan titi. Talus (yanzu Piskunov) zo daga kalmar "talus" (tudun) da kuma tuna da kufaifan gina a nan. Mai, Kananan da 3rd Yamskaya Yamskaya mai suna bayan da kauye inda direbobi sun dogon zauna. Street sunayen Kovaliha, Kuznechikha, kadi, Igiya, cinikayya da sauransu. Samo asali daga cikin darussan da na mazaunan. A zuciya na titi sunayen. Noblemen ta (Oktoba) da kuma Meshchanskaya (Brothers Matusow) ta'allaka kadarori matsayi. Street sunayen da aka ba daidai da sunayen dake kusa Orthodox Ibada: .. Alexander Neva, Kariya (Manyan da Kananan) Tikhonovskaya, Varvarskaya Alekseevskaya, Kirsimeti, da dai sauransu A Soviet shekaru titi mai suna a cikin girmamawa neman sauyi: Sverdlov Figner Volodarsky Dzerzhinsky et al.

zip lambobin

Fihirisa na Nizhny Novgorod za a iya samu ta hanyar Magana game da ma'aikatan email ko ta hanyar bude "Uniform jerin akwatin gidan lambobin na birnin" a kan website. Ga za ka iya koyi da ba kawai da titunan gari data. Dubi "Nizhny Novgorod fihirisa" zai samar da bayanai a kan wani ɓangare na birnin kwaminonin. Masu amfani kamata ka sani cewa na farko jerin suna located fihirisa na ciki ƙauyuka, sa'an nan - tituna tare da lambobi a cikin sunayen tituna da kuma shirya jerin abjadi.

Distance zuwa Moscow

Mutane da yawa mamaki da abin da shi ne da nisa tsakanin Moscow da kuma Nizhny Novgorod. Wasu kafofin ba ta husũma amsoshi. Saboda haka, daya gubar data cewa tuki a kan hanya, da nisa daga Moscow zuwa ƙananan Novgorod ne 421 km, a cikin miƙaƙƙiyar hanya tsawon za a iya taqaitaccen (402 km). Don shawo kan ɓangare na hanyar tsakanin Lower Novgorod da Moscow da mota domin 6 hours 21 min. A} asashen da suka amince da wadanda ba awo tsarin matakan (da nesa aka auna a mil) - 262 miles. Wasu sun ruwaito cewa wannan nesa ga drive ne 419 km. Travel Time - 5 h 42 min. iska hanya tsawon shi ne kilomita 400. Lokaci - 40 minutes. Wasu sun lasafta cewa guntu hanya daga kasa zuwa Moscow - 413 km. Wannan hanya gudanar ta hanyar birnin Vladimir. A motarsa za a iya shawo kan a 6 hours da minti 15. Amma idan Vladimir kewaye, wannan nesa zai zama fiye 3 km. Yana zai zama 416 km, da kuma tafiya lokaci ne rage by game da minti 25.

Distance zuwa St. Petersburg

Ba kasa muhimmanci ne tambaya, abin da yake nesa daga Nizhny Novgorod zuwa St. Petersburg. Distance daga Nizhny Novgorod zuwa St. Petersburg, kamar yadda muna tabbatar da dama matafiya ne: a kan hanya - 1 126 km a mike layin - 896 km. Lokaci shawo kan wannan nesa a kan inji - 16 h 01 min. Bisa ga wadanda ba awo tsarin na ji hanya tsawon daga St. Petersburg don Nizhny Novgorod - 700 miles.